语法填空 · 10 空

语法填空精练 · Leonardo da Vinci

天才达·芬奇 · 答案填入 + 提示词保留 + 逐空解析 + 文章精读

10 空 · 36-45答案填入逐空解析文章精读金句仿写

一、文章（答案已填入）

PASSAGE · 黄色 = 答案 · 蓝底虚线 = 提示词 · 点击单词查词典

语法填空要点：① 有提示词的，先判断要填的词性（名词要变复数、动词要变时态/非谓语、形容词要变比较级/最高级/副词）；② 没有提示词的，多为介词、冠词、代词、连词等虚词，靠上下文和固定搭配判断。

P1 Who designed 36 (design) the first helicopter? Who painted one of the most famous 37 (famous) pictures in the world? Who knew more about the human body than most people? There is an answer to 38 all these questions — Leonardo da Vinci.

P2 Leonardo may have been the greatest genius in the world. He was an 39 Italian painter, inventor, and scientist around the year 1,500, but many of his inventions 40 (invention) looked modern to us today. For example, one of his notebooks has drawings of a helicopter. Of course, he couldn't make 41 (make) a helicopter with the things he had. Scientists say his idea was great.

P3 However 42, Leonardo wasn't just an inventor. He was one of the greatest artists of his day. By the time he was twenty years old, people called 43 (call) him a master painter. As he got older, he became much more famous.

P4 Many of Leonardo's excellent paintings are still with us 44 (we) today. You may know one of his most famous paintings the smiling 45 (smile) woman — Mona Lisa.

二、逐空解析

ANALYSIS · 每空：考点 → 解析 → 答案
36动词时态designed
考点动词形式 · 一般过去时
解析疑问句 Who ____ (design) the first helicopter? 询问“谁设计了第一架直升机”，这是已经发生的事 → 用过去式 designed。
37形容词最高级the most famous
考点one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词
解析one of ____ pictures in the world（世界上最……的画之一）→ 固定结构 one of the + 最高级；famous 是多音节形容词，最高级为 the most famous。
38介词to
考点固定搭配 an answer to…
解析“这些问题的答案”用 an answer to all these questions，名词 answer 后接介词 to（问题的答案），这是固定搭配。
39冠词an
考点不定冠词 a / an 的选择
解析He was ____ Italian painter…（他是一位意大利画家）→ 泛指用不定冠词；Italian 以元音音素 /ɪ/ 开头 → 用 an（不看字母看发音）。
40名词复数inventions
考点many + 可数名词复数
解析many of his ____ (invention)（他的许多发明）→ many 后接可数名词复数，invention → inventions。
41情态动词make
考点情态动词后接动词原形
解析he couldn't ____ (make) a helicopter（他无法造直升机）→ couldn't 是情态动词，后接动词原形 → make。
42连词/副词However
考点逻辑转折 · 句首副词
解析前文讲他是发明家，这里说“他不仅仅是一位发明家”，语意转折；该空在句首、后有逗号 → 填转折副词 However（首字母大写）。
43动词时态called
考点一般过去时
解析By the time he was twenty years old, people ____ (call) him…（到他 20 岁时，人们称他为大师画家）→ 讲述过去的事，用过去式 called（call 的过去式直接加 -ed）。
44代词宾格us
考点介词后接宾格
解析are still with ____ (we) today（如今仍和我们在一起）→ with 是介词，介词后接宾格 → us。
45非谓语 · 现在分词smiling
考点现在分词作定语
解析the ____ (smile) woman（那位微笑的女人）→ 用现在分词 smiling 修饰名词 woman，表示“微笑的”，动词 smile 去 e 加 -ing。

语法辨析 · However vs But

为什么 42 空只能用 However？
词性However 是副词性连接词（连接副词）：它不直接连接两个分句，前后常用句号或分号隔开，自身前后常有逗号。
位置However 可以放在句首、句中、句尾，位置灵活；本空在句首、后有逗号（____42____, Leonardo wasn't just an inventor.）→ 正好是 However 的典型用法。
对比But 是并列连词：直接连接两个分句，不加逗号，也不单独放在句首带逗号使用。若用 but 应为：…, but Leonardo wasn't just an inventor.（分句直接相连）→ 与本空“句首 + 逗号”的结构不符。
记忆口诀
规则① However：副词，前后句分开写，可放句首（后有逗号）/句中/句尾；② But：连词，直接连接两个句子，不加逗号。看到“句首 + 逗号”的转折，选 However。

三、文章精读

INTENSIVE READING · 词性标注 + 句型分析

按词性标注颜色读句子：绿色=动词，粉字=形容词，蓝字=副词，紫字=介词，橙字=连词，带底纹=词形变化。点击生词仍可查词典。

P1 · 三个问题引出达·芬奇

S1Who designed the first helicopter?谁设计了第一架直升机？

S2Who painted one of the most famous pictures in the world?谁画了世界上最著名的画之一？

S3There is an answer to all these questions — Leonardo da Vinci.这些问题的答案就是——列奥纳多·达·芬奇。

P2 · 超越时代的天才

S1Leonardo may have been the greatest genius in the world.列奥纳多可能是世界上最伟大的天才。

S2He was an Italian painter, inventor, and scientist around the year 1,500, but many of his inventions looked modern to us today.他是一位约 1500 年的意大利画家、发明家和科学家，但他的许多发明今天看来仍然很现代。

S3Of course, he couldn't make a helicopter with the things he had.当然，凭他拥有的东西，他造不出直升机。

P3 · 不止是发明家

S1However, Leonardo wasn't just an inventor.然而，列奥纳多不仅仅是一位发明家。

S2By the time he was twenty years old, people called him a master painter.到他 20 岁时，人们就称他为大师级画家了。

S3As he got older, he became much more famous.随着年龄增长，他变得更加出名。

P4 · 名作传世

S1Many of Leonardo's excellent paintings are still with us today.列奥纳多的许多优秀画作今天仍与我们在一起。

S2You may know one of his most famous paintings — the smiling woman, Mona Lisa.你可能知道他最著名的画作之一——那位微笑的女人，《蒙娜丽莎》。

四、作文金句仿写

WRITING BOOST · 黑色为框架，灰色底纹为可替换词

把文中的好句子拆成“句型框架”，换上你自己的词，就能写出漂亮的句子。

金句 1 There is an answer to all these questions — Leonardo da Vinci.

There is an answer to all these questions / this problem / my puzzle — Leonardo da Vinci / hard work / my teacher.

仿写：There is an answer to this problem — hard work. 这个问题的答案就是努力。

适用：引出答案、点题。

金句 2 Leonardo may have been the greatest genius in the world.

Leonardo / My father / Kobe Bryant may have been the greatest genius / teacher / player in the world.

仿写：Kobe Bryant may have been the greatest player in the world. 科比可能是世界上最伟大的球员。

适用：评价人物（may have been 表推测）。

金句 3 By the time he was twenty years old, people called him a master painter.

By the time he was twenty years old / fifteen / in high school, people called him a master painter / a great player / an excellent student.

仿写：By the time he was fifteen, people called him a great player. 到他 15 岁时，人们就称他为优秀选手。

适用：强调“到某个时间点已取得成就”。

金句 4 As he got older, he became much more famous.

As he got older / better at English / stronger, he became much more famous / more and more confident / a better player.

仿写：As he got better at English, he became more and more confident. 随着英语越来越好，他变得越来越自信。

适用：描述成长与变化（As…, …became…）。

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