READING A · 阅读理解 · 5 题

阅读理解精练 · Thomas Edison 托马斯·爱迪生

Thomas Edison · 定位词同色高亮 + 波浪线答案依据 + 逐题精析 + 文章精读

5 题 · 11-15定位词同色高亮答案依据波浪线选项对错原因文章精读作文金句
图例 LEGEND sw-q1 · 第 11 题：How often / every two weeks sw-q2 · 第 12 题：fired（划线词） sw-q3 · 第 13 题：after he became deaf sw-q4 · 第 14 题：mainly talk about sw-q5 · 第 15 题：learn from the passage 题干定位词与原文同色高亮；波浪线 = 答案依据句；浅黄加粗 = Q 与原文的同义转换；红色删除线 = 错误选项的关键词。

一、文章

PASSAGE · 点击任意单词可查词典

P1 Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. Without him, the world might still be in the dark. However, the electric light was not his only invention. He also invented the motion picture camera and over 1,200 other things. About every two weeks he created something new.

P2 Thomas Edison was born in 1847. He attended school for only three months. His mother taught him at home, but Thomas was mostly self-educated. He started experimenting at a young age.

P3 When he was 12 years old, he got his first job. He became a newsboy(报童) on a train. He did experiments on the train in his spare time. Unluckily, his first work experience did not end well. They fired him when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the train. Then Edison worked for five years as a telegraph operator, but he continued to spend much of his time experimenting with his first patent (专利) in 1868 for a vote recorder run by electricity.

P4 Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other, but he thought of his deafness as a blessing(祝福) in many ways. It kept conversations short so that he could have more time for work. He always worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat.

P5 Thomas Edison died at the age of 84. He left a great many inventions that greatly improved the quality of life all over the world.

二、题目精析

QUESTIONS · 定位词 → 原文依据 → 同义转换 → 选项对错原因
11

How often did Edison make a new invention?

爱迪生多久就会有一项新发明？

细节理解 · 数字换算
定位原文 P1 末句：About every two weeks he created something new.（大约每两周他就会创造出新东西。）
同义转换题干 How often（多久一次）问的是频率，对应原文 every two weeks；题干 make a new invention（做出新发明）↔ 原文 created something new（创造出新东西）。关键是 every two weeks = every fourteen days：两周＝14 天。
解析数字换算题必须先定位频率短语（every two weeks），再做“周→天”的换算。1 周 = 7 天，所以 two weeks = 14 days，即 about every fourteen days。选项 A、C、D 都在“7 天”上做文章，全错。
答案B
AAbout every seven days.大约每七天。✗ 【偷换概念】seven days 是“一周 7 天”；原文是 every two weeks（每两周），换算后应为 14 天，把频率夸大了一倍。
BAbout every fourteen days.大约每十四天。✓ every two weeks = every fourteen days，与原文完全一致。
CAbout once a week.大约每周一次。✗ 【偷换概念】once a week 就是每 7 天一次，与 A 同病，都不是原文的“每两周”。
DAbout twice a week.大约每周两次。✗ 【偷换概念】twice a week 是每周两次（一年 104 次），比原文频繁得多，属于夸大频率。
12

What does the underlined word “fired” mean in this passage?

文中划线单词 fired 是什么意思？

词义猜测 · 语境推断
定位原文 P3：Unluckily, his first work experience did not end well. They fired him when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the train.
同义转换题干 fired ↔ 语境义 asked somebody to leave his job（被要求离开工作岗位＝解雇）；上文提示词 did not end well（并不顺利）＝ 结果很糟，下文“他点着了火车地板”＝ 犯了大错。
解析词义猜测题要“先看褒贬，再看搭配”：Unluckily 已定下负面基调，did not end well 说明结局不好，随后说他 accidentally set fire to the floor，所以 fire 在这里不是“火”，而是动词“解雇”。注意区分两个 fire：They fired him（解雇了他）／set fire to the floor（点燃地板）。
答案D
AGave somebody a job.给某人一份工作。✗ 【偷换概念·反向干扰】give sb. a job 是“给工作”，与“被解雇”正好相反，方向完全弄反了。
BSet fire to somebody.放火烧某人。✗ 【望文生义】把 fire 直接理解成“放火”，再套到人身上。原文只是 set fire to the floor（点燃地板），与“解雇”这一词义无关。
CLet somebody down.让某人失望。✗ 【张冠李戴】let sb. down 意为“使某人失望”，是另一个短语的意思，与“解雇”毫无关系。
DAsked somebody to leave his job.要求某人离职（＝解雇）。✓ 结合 Unluckily、did not end well 和他点燃地板的语境，fired him 就是“把他解雇了”。
13

How was Edison after he became deaf?

爱迪生耳聋之后状态如何？

推理判断 · 人物态度
定位原文 P4 首句：Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other, but he thought of his deafness as a blessing(祝福) in many ways.
同义转换原文 thought of his deafness as a blessing（把耳聋看作一种祝福）↔ 选项 kept positive（保持乐观）；“blessing（祝福、幸事）”是褒义词，直接决定态度是正面的。
解析转折词 but 是关键：前面讲耳聋的坏处，but 之后才是作者真正要强调的态度——“在很多方面把耳聋看作祝福”，甚至还因此“have more time for work”。所以他的态度是积极的、乐观的。
答案A
AHe kept positive.他保持乐观。✓ blessing 是褒义词，把失聪看成祝福、还能“因此多出工作时间”，可见心态积极乐观。
BHe was worried.他很担心。✗ 【无中生有】全文没有任何“担心、焦虑”的表述，文章只写了他对耳聋的看法。
CHe felt sorry.他感到遗憾。✗ 【无中生有】文中没有“遗憾、惋惜”的信息，属于凭空添加情感。
DHe was sad.他很悲伤。✗ 【偷换概念·与原文相反】他把耳聋视为 many ways 的好事，情绪是正面的，sad 与原文态度完全相反。
14

What does the passage mainly talk about?

这篇文章主要谈论什么？

主旨大意 · 标题概括
定位P1 首句：Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. → 全文按“出生(1847)—上学三个月—少年实验—12 岁第一份工作—耳聋仍乐观工作—84 岁去世”的时间顺序展开；P5 收束：He left a great many inventions that greatly improved the quality of life all over the world.
同义转换题干 mainly talk about（主要谈论）↔ 选项 the whole life of Edison（爱迪生的一生）：全文是一条完整的人生时间线，因此“一生”才是涵盖全篇的概括。
解析主旨题要选“能盖住每一段”的选项。A 只对应电灯（P1 的一部分）；B 只对应 experiments（P2、P3）；C 讲“发明的意义”，偏离了“写人”的主线。只有 D 覆盖出生、求学、工作、耳聋、去世全过程。
答案D
AThe history of the electric light.电灯的历史。✗ 【以偏概全】电灯只是爱迪生 1,200 多件发明中的一件，用它代表全篇，范围太窄。
BEdison and his experiments.爱迪生和他的实验。✗ 【以偏概全】只覆盖“实验”，漏掉了出生、报童工作、耳聋、去世等人生经历，概括不全。
CThe importance of inventions.发明的重要性。✗ 【偷换概念·偏题】文章的重心是“爱迪生这个人”，而不是“发明本身有多重要”，主题被换掉了。
DThe whole life of Edison.爱迪生的一生。✓ 全文按“出生—工作—耳聋—去世”的顺序介绍爱迪生的一生，与官方导语“主要讲述了爱迪生的一生”一致。
15

What can we learn from the passage?

从这篇文章中我们能了解到什么？

推理判断 · 概括人物品质
定位原文 P4：He always worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat.
同义转换原文 always worked 16 out of every 24 hours（每天 24 小时工作 16 小时，即三分之二的时间都在工作）＋ his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat（要妻子提醒才睡觉吃饭）↔ 选项 very hard-working（非常勤奋）。
解析数字是最硬的证据：16/24 的工作强度、需要被提醒才休息，都指向“勤奋刻苦”。此外 he started experimenting at a young age（年少就开始实验）也印证了这一点。
答案C
AEdison was lazy when he was young.爱迪生年轻时很懒。✗ 【偷换概念·与原文相反】他年少就开始做实验，每天还工作 16 小时，lazy 与原文事实完全相反。
BEdison was poor so he needed to work on a train.爱迪生很穷，所以要去火车上工作。✗ 【无中生有】文中只说他 12 岁得到第一份工作是当报童，从未提过“因为贫穷”这个原因。
CEdison was very hard-working.爱迪生非常勤奋。✓ 由“每 24 小时工作 16 小时、妻子要提醒他睡觉吃饭”可推知，他是极其勤奋的人。
DHe had little difficulty in experimenting.他做实验几乎没什么困难。✗ 【无中生有／与原文相反】他曾因意外点燃地板被解雇，experiment 之路并不顺利，little difficulty 是绝对化且违背原文。

三、文章精读

INTENSIVE READING · 词性套色 + 从句划线

精读说明：按《词性标注配色规则》套色——绿=谓语动词，绿底=不定式，墨绿+灰底=动名词，玫红=形容词/形容词性物主代词，玫红+粉底=分词，蓝=副词，紫=介词，橙=连词，橙底=that 类引导词，蓝底=wh- 类引导词，红=疑问词，深灰=冠词/代词/名词；句子下的橙色下划线=that 类从句，蓝色下划线=wh- 类从句。点击生词可查词典。

配色速查 谓语动词 不定式 动名词 形容词/物主代词 分词 副词 介词 连词 that 类引导词 wh- 类引导词 疑问词 冠词/代词/名词
P1 · 照亮世界

S1Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light.托马斯·爱迪生用他发明的电灯照亮了世界。

S2Without him, the world might still be in the dark.没有他，世界可能仍处在黑暗之中。

S3However, the electric light was not his only invention.然而，电灯并不是他唯一的发明。

S4He also invented the motion picture camera and over 1,200 other things.他还发明了电影摄影机以及 1200 多件其他东西。

S5About every two weeks he created something new.大约每两周他就会创造出新东西。

P2 · 自学成才

S1Thomas Edison was born in 1847.托马斯·爱迪生生于 1847 年。

S2He attended school for only three months.他只上过三个月的学。

S3His mother taught him at home, but Thomas was mostly self-educated.他的母亲在家里教他，但托马斯主要是自学的。

S4He started experimenting at a young age.他很小的时候就开始做实验。

P3 · 报童岁月

S1When he was 12 years old, he got his first job.12 岁时，他得到了第一份工作。

S2He became a newsboy(报童) on a train.他成了火车上的报童。

S3He did experiments on the train in his spare time.他在空闲时间在火车上做实验。

S4Unluckily, his first work experience did not end well.不幸的是，他的第一份工作经历并不顺利。

S5They fired him when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the train.当他意外点燃了火车的地板时，他们解雇了他。

S6Then Edison worked for five years as a telegraph operator, but he continued to spend much of his time experimenting with his first patent (专利) in 1868 for a vote recorder run by electricity.之后爱迪生做了五年电报员，但他继续把大量时间花在做实验上，并于 1868 年取得他的第一项专利——一台由电驱动的投票记录机。

P4 · 耳聋之福

S1Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other, but he thought of his deafness as a blessing(祝福) in many ways.托马斯·爱迪生一只耳朵完全失聪，另一只耳朵听力很差，但他在很多方面把自己的耳聋看作一种祝福。

S2It kept conversations short so that he could have more time for work.这使谈话变得简短，这样他就能有更多时间工作。

S3He always worked 16 out of every 24 hours.他总是每 24 小时工作 16 小时。

S4Sometimes his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat.有时他的妻子不得不提醒他睡觉和吃饭。

P5 · 伟大遗产

S1Thomas Edison died at the age of 84.托马斯·爱迪生 84 岁时去世。

S2He left a great many inventions that greatly improved the quality of life all over the world.他留下了许多发明，这些发明极大地改善了全世界的生活质量。

四、作文金句仿写

WRITING BOOST · 黑色为框架，灰色底纹为可替换词

把文中的好句子拆成“句型框架”，换上你自己的词，就能写出漂亮的句子。写人物介绍类作文时，这四句可以直接套用。

金句 1 Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light.

Thomas Edison / Yuan Longping / Tu Youyou changed the world with his invention of the electric light / his hybrid rice / her discovery of artemisinin.

仿写：Yuan Longping changed the world with his hybrid rice. 袁隆平用他的杂交水稻改变了世界。

适用：介绍伟人的贡献（开头句）。light up the world = 照亮世界／影响世界。

金句 2 He started experimenting at a young age.

He started experimenting / learning English / playing the piano at a young age.

仿写：She started learning English at a young age. 她很小就开始学英语。

适用：介绍人物早年经历。start doing sth. 后面必须用动名词。

金句 3 He always worked 16 out of every 24 hours.

He always worked 16 out of every 24 hours / practised for three hours a day / helped others in his spare time.

仿写：She always practised for three hours a day. 她总是每天练习三小时。

适用：描写勤奋刻苦。always + 一般过去时，写出长期坚持的习惯。

金句 4 He left a great many inventions that greatly improved the quality of life all over the world.

He left a great many inventions / many famous works / a lot of beautiful music that greatly improved the quality of life all over the world / encouraged young people.

仿写：He left a lot of beautiful music that encouraged young people. 他留下了许多鼓舞年轻人的美妙音乐。

适用：结尾总结人物影响。含 that 引导的定语从句，a great many 后接可数名词复数。