READING A · 阅读理解 · 5 题

阅读理解精练 · Beethoven 贝多芬

沪教牛津版八年级上册 9 月学情自测卷 · 定位词同色高亮 + 波浪线答案依据 + 逐题精析 + 文章精读

5 题 · 11-15定位词同色高亮答案依据波浪线选项对错原因文章精读作文金句
图例 LEGEND sw-q1 · 第 11 题：began to lose his hearing / hearing is the most important sense sw-q2 · 第 12 题：By his 40s / almost completely deaf sw-q3 · 第 13 题：vibrations（划线词） sw-q4 · 第 14 题：the first performance / turned him around / clapping sw-q5 · 第 15 题：a man of strong will（标题概括） 题干定位词与原文同色高亮；波浪线 = 答案依据句；浅黄加粗 = Q 与原文的同义转换；红色删除线 = 错误选项的关键词。

一、文章

PASSAGE · 点击任意单词可查词典

P1 Ludwig van Beethoven was one of the greatest composers in history. His music has touched millions of people around the world. But few know the pain and struggle behind his most famous work, Ode to Joy (from his Ninth Symphony).

P2 At the age of 26, Beethoven began to lose his hearing. This was a terrible disaster for a musician—hearing is the most important sense for creating music. As years passed, his hearing got worse and worse. By his 40s, he was almost completely deaf. He could not hear his own music or the applause of the audience. At times, he felt so hopeless that he even thought about giving up on music.

P3 But Beethoven was a man of strong will. He refused to let his disability defeat him. He bit a wooden stick attached to his piano and felt the vibrations to “hear” the sound. He wrote music with all his heart, pouring his feelings of anger, hope and courage into every note.

P4 In 1824, when Beethoven was 54, he finished his Ninth Symphony. The last part, Ode to Joy, is a powerful song about peace and happiness. At the first performance, Beethoven stood on the stage to conduct. He could not hear the loud applause, but when a singer gently turned him around, he saw the audience standing and clapping wildly. Tears rolled down his face.

P5 Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony is more than just music. It is a cry against fate, a celebration of human spirit. It tells us that no matter how hard life is, we can still fight and create beauty.

二、题目精析

QUESTIONS · 定位词 → 原文依据 → 同义转换 → 选项对错原因
11

Why was losing hearing a terrible disaster for Beethoven?

为什么失去听力对贝多芬来说是一场可怕的灾难？

细节理解 · 原因
定位原文 P2 第二句：This was a terrible disaster for a musician—hearing is the most important sense for creating music.（这对一位音乐家来说是一场可怕的灾难——听觉是创作音乐最重要的感官。）
同义转换题干 losing hearing（失去听力）↔ 原文 began to lose his hearing；选项 hearing is the most important for a composer to create music ↔ 原文 hearing is the most important sense for creating music：a composer 就是原文的 a musician（音乐家＝作曲家），sense（感官）在选项里省略，意思不变。
解析原因题要抓住破折号后的解释句。破折号“—”之后的内容就是对“terrible disaster（可怕的灾难）”的解释：hearing is the most important sense for creating music（听觉是创作音乐最重要的感官）。失去听觉，音乐家就失去了最重要的创作工具，所以才是“灾难”。
答案B
ABecause he couldn’t talk with other musicians.因为他无法与其他音乐家交谈。✗ 【无中生有】原文从头到尾没有提到“无法与别的音乐家交谈”，把“听不见”偷换成“不能交流”。
BBecause hearing is the most important for a composer to create music.因为听觉对作曲家创作音乐来说是最重要的。✓ 与原文 hearing is the most important sense for creating music 完全对应，是破折号后的直接解释。
CBecause he couldn’t stand on the stage to conduct.因为他不能站在舞台上指挥。✗ 【与原文相反】P4 明确写着 Beethoven stood on the stage to conduct（他站在舞台上指挥），他确实登台指挥了。
DBecause he had to give up his favorite piano.因为他不得不放弃他最喜爱的钢琴。✗ 【偷换概念】原文只说 At times… he even thought about giving up on music（有时他甚至想过放弃音乐），不是“放弃钢琴”，也不是“不得不”。
12

When did Beethoven become almost completely deaf?

贝多芬什么时候几乎完全失聪？

细节理解 · 时间
定位原文 P2 第四句：By his 40s, he was almost completely deaf.（到四十多岁时，他几乎完全失聪了。）
同义转换题干 When（什么时候）↔ 原文时间状语 By his 40s；选项 In his 40s = By his 40s（在他四十多岁时）。almost completely 与选项问的 almost completely deaf 完全一致。
解析时间题要把 P2 的三个年龄线分清：26 岁开始丧失听力（began to lose his hearing）→ 40 多岁几乎完全失聪（almost completely deaf）→ 54 岁完成第九交响曲（P4）。题干问的是“几乎完全失聪”，只对应 40 多岁。
答案C
AAt the age of 26.在 26 岁时。✗ 【张冠李戴】26 岁是他 began to lose his hearing（开始失去听力）的年龄，不是“几乎完全失聪”的时间。
BIn his 30s.在他三十多岁时。✗ 【无中生有】原文只提到 As years passed, his hearing got worse and worse，没有出现 30s（三十多岁）这个时间。
CIn his 40s.在他四十多岁时。✓ By his 40s, he was almost completely deaf，与题干 almost completely deaf 逐一对应。
DAt the age of 54.在 54 岁时。✗ 【张冠李戴】54 岁是 P4 中他 finished his Ninth Symphony（完成《第九交响曲》）的时间。
13

What does the underlined word “vibrations” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese?

第三段中划线单词 vibrations 的中文意思是什么？

词义猜测 · 语境推断
定位原文 P3 第三句：He bit a wooden stick attached to his piano and felt the vibrations to “hear” the sound.（他咬住一根固定在钢琴上的木棒，感受振动来“听”声音。）
同义转换vibration → shaking（振动、颤动）：木棒连着钢琴，琴键被敲击时木棒会震动，贝多芬靠牙齿感受这种“震动”来“听”声音。vibrate（动词）＝ shake（摇动、震动）。
解析词义猜测题看搭配与语境：felt（感受）的宾语是 the vibrations，后接 to “hear” the sound（为了“听”到声音）——说明它是他“听”声音的媒介，即物理学上的“振动”。A melody、B music、D sound 都是“听到的内容”，而 vibrations 是传声的“振动”，方向不同。
答案C
Amelody旋律。✗ 【偷换概念】melody 指“旋律”，是音乐的内容，不是木棒传来的物理振动。
Bmusic音乐。✗ 【以偏概全】music 范围太大，且 felt the music 与 to “hear” the sound 重复矛盾，无法解释“用木棒听声音”这一动作。
Cshaking振动；颤动。✓ 木棒连着钢琴，琴键振动通过木棒传到牙齿，所以他 felt the vibrations 就是“感受振动”，与 shaking 意思最接近。
Dsound声音。✗ 【望文生义】句末已有 the sound（声音），若 vibrations 也译成“声音”，就变成 felt the sound to “hear” the sound，逻辑重复；vibrations 是产生声音的振动本身。
14

What can we know about the first performance of the Ninth Symphony?

关于《第九交响曲》的首场演出，我们能了解到什么？

细节理解 · 细节辨识
定位原文 P4：He could not hear the loud applause, but when a singer gently turned him around, he saw the audience standing and clapping wildly.（他听不见响亮的掌声，但当一位歌手轻轻把他转过身时，他看到观众站着疯狂鼓掌。）
同义转换原文 a singer gently turned him around ↔ 选项 after being turned around（被转过身之后，被动语态＝别人把他转过身）；原文 he saw the audience standing and clapping wildly ↔ 选项 saw the audience’s applause（看到观众的鼓掌）。
解析细节题要逐一核对：①他确实站在舞台上指挥（Beethoven stood on the stage to conduct），所以 A 错；②文章只说他听不见掌声，没写他紧张或表现不好，B 错；③他流泪是因为看到观众起立鼓掌而感动，不是为耳聋悲伤，D 错。只有 C 的“被转过身之后才看见观众鼓掌”与原文两步动作顺序一致。
答案C
ABeethoven didn’t conduct the music on the stage.贝多芬没有在舞台上指挥这首乐曲。✗ 【与原文相反】原文写明 Beethoven stood on the stage to conduct，他亲自登台指挥了首演。
BBeethoven felt so nervous that he didn’t perform well.贝多芬非常紧张，所以表现不好。✗ 【无中生有】全文没有任何关于“紧张”“表现不好”的描写，属于凭空添加心理活动。
CBeethoven saw the audience’s applause after being turned around.被转过身之后，贝多芬看到了观众的鼓掌。✓ 原文顺序：a singer gently turned him around → he saw the audience standing and clapping wildly，与选项完全吻合。
DBeethoven cried because he felt sad about his deafness.贝多芬哭是因为他为自己的耳聋感到悲伤。✗ 【曲解因果】Tears rolled down his face 是因为他“看到”全场起立鼓掌深受感动，与前文“听不见掌声”形成对比，不是为耳聋而悲伤。
15

What is the best title for the passage?

这篇文章最好的标题是什么？

主旨大意 · 标题概括
定位主旨依据句 P3 首句：But Beethoven was a man of strong will. He refused to let his disability defeat him. 结尾 P5：It tells us that no matter how hard life is, we can still fight and create beauty.
同义转换原文 a man of strong will（意志坚强的人）＋ refused to let his disability defeat him（拒绝让残疾打败自己）＋ 完全失聪仍完成第九交响曲 ↔ 选项 A Musician with Strong Will（一位意志坚强的音乐家）。
解析标题要能“盖住全文”：P1 总起（最伟大的作曲家之一）→ P2 失聪之痛 → P3 坚强意志与木棒听声 → P4 首演落泪 → P5 生命呐喊。贯穿全文的关键词是 strong will（坚强意志）。A 只写《欢乐颂》一首曲，D 只写 1824 年的一场演出，C 把人物传记读成“写作指南”，都不能概括全篇。
答案B
AThe History of Ode to Joy.《欢乐颂》的历史。✗ 【以偏概全】Ode to Joy 只是第九交响曲的最后一部分，用一个乐章代替全文，范围太窄。
BBeethoven: A Musician with Strong Will.贝多芬：一位意志坚强的音乐家。✓ 全文写他失聪后仍坚持创作、拒绝被残疾打败，并完成第九交响曲，strong will 正是贯穿各段的主线。
CHow to Write Great Music.如何写出伟大的音乐。✗ 【偏离主题】文章是人物故事，不是写作方法指南，标题与文体完全不符。
DA Famous Performance in 1824.1824 年的一场著名演出。✗ 【以偏概全】1824 年的首演只对应 P4 一段，漏掉了失聪、坚强意志、木棒听声等重要内容。

三、文章精读

INTENSIVE READING · 词性套色 + 从句划线

精读说明：按《词性标注配色规则》套色——绿=谓语动词，绿底=不定式，墨绿+灰底=动名词，玫红=形容词/形容词性物主代词，玫红+粉底=分词，蓝=副词，紫=介词，橙=连词，橙底=that 类引导词，蓝底=wh- 类引导词，红=疑问词，深灰=冠词/代词/名词；句子下的橙色下划线=that 类从句，蓝色下划线=wh- 类从句。每句末尾的小喇叭可单独朗读该句，点击生词可查词典。

配色速查 谓语动词 不定式 动名词 形容词/物主代词 分词 副词 介词 连词 that 类引导词 wh- 类引导词 疑问词 冠词/代词/名词
P1 · 伟大作曲家

S1Ludwig van Beethoven was one of the greatest composers in history.路德维希·凡·贝多芬是历史上最伟大的作曲家之一。

S2His music has touched millions of people around the world.他的音乐感动了全世界数百万人。

S3But few know the pain and struggle behind his most famous work, Ode to Joy (from his Ninth Symphony).但很少有人知道他那部最著名的作品《欢乐颂》（出自他的《第九交响曲》）背后隐藏的痛苦与挣扎。

P2 · 失聪之痛

S1At the age of 26, Beethoven began to lose his hearing.26 岁时，贝多芬开始失去听力。

S2This was a terrible disaster for a musician—hearing is the most important sense for creating music.这对一位音乐家来说是一场可怕的灾难——听觉是创作音乐最重要的感官。

S3As years passed, his hearing got worse and worse.随着岁月流逝，他的听力变得越来越差。

S4By his 40s, he was almost completely deaf.到四十多岁时，他几乎完全失聪了。

S5He could not hear his own music or the applause of the audience.他听不见自己的音乐，也听不见观众的掌声。

S6At times, he felt so hopeless that he even thought about giving up on music.有时他感到如此绝望，甚至想过放弃音乐。

P3 · 坚强意志

S1But Beethoven was a man of strong will.但贝多芬是一个意志坚强的人。

S2He refused to let his disability defeat him.他拒绝让自己的残疾打败自己。

S3He bit a wooden stick attached to his piano and felt the vibrations to “hear” the sound.他咬住一根固定在钢琴上的木棒，感受振动来“听”声音。

S4He wrote music with all his heart, pouring his feelings of anger, hope and courage into every note.他全心全意地创作音乐，把愤怒、希望与勇气倾注进每一个音符。

P4 · 首次演出

S1In 1824, when Beethoven was 54, he finished his Ninth Symphony.1824 年，贝多芬 54 岁时完成了他的《第九交响曲》。

S2The last part, Ode to Joy, is a powerful song about peace and happiness.最后一部分《欢乐颂》是一首关于和平与幸福的强有力的歌曲。

S3At the first performance, Beethoven stood on the stage to conduct.在首场演出上，贝多芬站在舞台上指挥。

S4He could not hear the loud applause, but when a singer gently turned him around, he saw the audience standing and clapping wildly.他听不见响亮的掌声，但当一位歌手轻轻把他转过身时，他看到观众站着疯狂鼓掌。

S5Tears rolled down his face.泪水从他的脸上滚落下来。

P5 · 生命呐喊

S1Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony is more than just music.贝多芬的《第九交响曲》不仅仅是一首乐曲。

S2It is a cry against fate, a celebration of human spirit.它是对命运的呐喊，是对人类精神的赞颂。

S3It tells us that no matter how hard life is, we can still fight and create beauty.它告诉我们，无论生活多么艰难，我们仍然可以奋斗并创造美。

四、作文金句仿写

WRITING BOOST · 黑色为框架，灰色底纹为可替换词

把文中的好句子拆成“句型框架”，换上你自己的词，就能写出漂亮的句子。写“人物品质＋影响”类作文时，这三句可以直接套用。

金句 1 His music has touched millions of people around the world.

His music / Her paintings / His novels have touched millions of people around the world / have touched thousands of readers in China.

仿写：Her paintings have touched thousands of readers in China. 她的画作感动了中国成千上万的读者。

适用：介绍人物作品的影响力（开头句）。touch 在这里是“感动、打动”，不是“触摸”；millions of / thousands of 后接可数名词复数。

金句 2 But Beethoven was a man of strong will. He refused to let his disability defeat him.

Beethoven / Zhang Haidi / Helen Keller was a man / woman of strong will. He / She refused to let his disability / her illness / his failure defeat him / her.

仿写：Zhang Haidi was a woman of strong will. She refused to let her illness defeat her. 张海迪是一位意志坚强的女性，她拒绝让自己的疾病打败自己。

适用：写人物坚强品质。a man / a woman of strong will 是高频短语；refuse to do sth. 后接动词原形，let sb./sth. do sth. 用省略 to 的动词原形。

金句 3 It tells us that no matter how hard life is, we can still fight and create beauty.

It tells us that no matter how hard life is / difficult the task is / busy we are, we can still fight and create beauty / keep learning and make progress.

仿写：It tells us that no matter how difficult the task is, we can still keep learning and make progress. 它告诉我们，无论任务多么艰难，我们仍然可以继续学习并取得进步。

适用：结尾升华主题。no matter how + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 系动词，主句用 we can still… 呼应，注意 that 引导的宾语从句要用陈述语序。