READING A · 阅读理解 · 5 题

阅读理解精练 · Charles Darwin

My Favourite Scientist · 定位词同色高亮 + 波浪线答案依据 + 文章精读

5 题 · 1-5定位词高亮答案依据波浪线选项解析文章精读
图例 LEGEND Q1 定位词 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 题干定位词与原文同色高亮；波浪线 = 答案依据；红色 = 错误关键点

一、文章

PASSAGE · 点击任意单词可查词典

P1 Good morning, everyone. I am very pleased to introduce my favourite scientist to you, Charles Darwin. I searched for the information from the internet and can't wait to share it with you.

P2 Charles Robert Darwin was born on February 12th, 1809 in Shrewsbury, England, the same day as Abraham Lincoln. Darwin wasn't the best student in his school. When he was 16, his father sent him to a medical school. Darwin liked spending time outdoors discovering nature more than attending medical classes. He left school without finishing it.

P3 Then, Darwin's father sent him to another school to make him become a minister (牧师). He made it to graduation, but he didn't want to become a minister. His real dream was to be a scientist. After graduation in 1831, Darwin left Plymouth on the Beagle, a ship that took him to South America and then around the world. While he was travelling, he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited. The trip was planned to last for two years, but in fact, it lasted for five years. He collected lots of plants and animals and took them back to England to study.

P4 Several years later, Darwin published an important scientific paper — On the Origin of Species. Most scientists accepted Darwin's theory and people continue studying it today.

P5 Thank you!

二、题目精析

QUESTIONS · 定位词 → 原文依据 → 选项对错原因
1

When did Darwin go to the medical school?

达尔文是什么时候去上医学院的？

细节理解 · 数字推理
定位原文 P2：born on February 12th, 1809（生于 1809 年 2 月 12 日）+ When he was 16, his father sent him to a medical school（当他 16 岁时，父亲把他送进了一所医学院）
解析题干 When did Darwin go to the medical school?（达尔文何时去上医学院）→ 原文线索 When he was 16（16 岁）→ 1809 + 16 = 1825。这是一道"出生年份 + 年龄"的数字推理题。
答案B. In 1825
AIn 1809在 1809 年✗ 张冠李戴——1809 是出生年份，不是上医学院的时间。
BIn 1825在 1825 年✓ 1809 + 16 = 1825。
CIn 1849在 1849 年✗ 无中生有——文中没有这个年份。
DIn 1828在 1828 年✗ 计算错误——1809 加 16 等于 1825，不是 1828。
2

What did Darwin want to be?

达尔文想成为什么？

细节理解
定位原文 P3：His real dream was to be a scientist（他真正的梦想是成为一名科学家）
解析题干 What did Darwin want to be?（达尔文想成为什么？）→ 原文线索 His real dream was to be a scientist（他真正的梦想是成为科学家）→ 考点：同义词替换——题干 want to be（想成为）↔ 原文 dream was to be（梦想是成为）→ 达尔文想成为科学家。
答案C. A scientist
AA doctor医生✗ 张冠李戴——父亲送他上医学院，但他本人并不想当医生。
BA minister牧师✗ 张冠李戴——是父亲想让他当牧师，他自己不想。
CA scientist科学家✓ 原文 His real dream was to be a scientist。
DA traveller旅行者✗ 以偏概全——他航海旅行，但那不是他的梦想。
3

Which of the following statements about Darwin is TRUE according to the speech?

根据这篇演讲稿，下列关于达尔文的说法哪一项是正确的？

细节判断 · TRUE
定位原文 P2：born on February 12th, 1809 … the same day as Abraham Lincoln（生于 1809 年 2 月 12 日……与亚伯拉罕·林肯同日出生）；P3：planned to last for two years, but in fact, it lasted for five years（计划持续两年，但实际持续了五年）
解析题干 Which of the following statements about Darwin is TRUE?（下列关于达尔文的说法哪一项正确？）→ TRUE 题要把四个选项逐一与原文对照：B 项 the same day as Abraham Lincoln（与林肯同日出生）原文明确可证；A 的 always 太绝对、C 是编造、D 偷换"计划两年"为"实际两年"。
答案B
ADarwin always got good grades at school.达尔文在学校总是取得好成绩。✗ 与原文相反——原文说 he wasn't the best student（他并不是最好的学生）；always 绝对化无依据。
BDarwin was born on the same day as Abraham Lincoln.达尔文与亚伯拉罕·林肯同日出生。✓ 对应原文 the same day as Abraham Lincoln。
CDarwin sailed on the Beagle to make money.达尔文乘贝格尔号航行是为了赚钱。✗ 无中生有——原文只说他去南美和世界各地考察，没提赚钱。
DThe Beagle trip lasted for two years.贝格尔号之旅持续了两年。✗ 偷换概念——原文是 planned to last for two years（计划两年），但实际 lasted for five years。
4

What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

第 3 段划线词 it 指代什么？

代词指代
定位原文 P3：He made it to graduation…（他成功做到了……毕业）
解析题干 What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to?（第 3 段划线词 it 指代什么？）→ 原文线索 He made it to graduation（他做到了毕业）→ make it to + 名词是固定搭配"成功做到……" → it = graduation（毕业）：他成功读完了学业，但不想当牧师。
答案C. The graduation
AThe scientific paper科学论文✗ 无中生有——论文在文章第 4 段才出现，且不在指代范围内。
BThe ship船✗ 张冠李戴——船（Beagle）出现在后一句，不是 it 的指代对象。
CThe graduation毕业✓ make it to graduation = 成功完成学业。
DThe trip航行✗ 张冠李戴——trip 出现在后文，且 it 与前文 graduation 最近。
5

What's the best title for the speech?

这篇演讲稿最好的标题是什么？

主旨标题
定位原文 P1：introduce my favourite scientist to you（向大家介绍我最喜欢的科学家）——开头点明全文主题
解析题干 What's the best title for the speech?（这篇演讲稿的最佳标题是什么？）→ 原文线索 introduce my favourite scientist to you（向大家介绍我最喜欢的科学家）→ 演讲稿开篇点题，全文都在介绍达尔文 → 标题应是 My Favourite Scientist。
答案A. My Favourite Scientist
AMy Favourite Scientist我最喜欢的科学家✓ 开篇点题，概括全文。
BDarwin's School Days达尔文的求学时光✗ 以偏概全——求学只是文章一部分，还有航海和著作。
CA Scientific Report科学报告✗ 偷换概念——这是介绍人物的演讲稿，不是科学报告。
DA Famous Story一个著名的故事✗ 太笼统——没有体现"我最喜欢的科学家"这一主题。

三、文章精读

INTENSIVE READING · 词性标注 + 句型分析

按词性标注颜色读句子：绿色=动词，粉字=形容词，蓝字=副词，紫字=介词，橙字=连词，带底纹=词形变化。点击生词仍可查词典。

P1 · 开场介绍

S1Good morning, everyone.大家早上好。

S2I am very pleased to introduce my favourite scientist to you, Charles Darwin.我很高兴向大家介绍我最喜欢的科学家——查尔斯·达尔文。

S3I searched for the information from the internet and can't wait to share it with you.我从网上搜索了这些信息，迫不及待想和大家分享。

P2 · 出生与求学

S1Charles Robert Darwin was born on February 12th, 1809 in Shrewsbury, England, the same day as Abraham Lincoln.查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文于 1809 年 2 月 12 日出生在英国什鲁斯伯里，与亚伯拉罕·林肯同一天出生。

S2Darwin wasn't the best student in his school.达尔文并不是学校里最优秀的学生。

S3When he was 16, his father sent him to a medical school.当他 16 岁时，父亲送他去了医学院。

S4Darwin liked spending time outdoors discovering nature more than attending medical classes.比起上医学课，达尔文更喜欢在户外探索大自然。

S5He left school without finishing it.他没有完成学业就离开了学校。

P3 · 航海与梦想

S1Then, Darwin's father sent him to another school to make him become a minister.后来，达尔文的父亲又送他去另一所学校，想让他成为牧师。

S2He made it to graduation, but he didn't want to become a minister.他成功读到了毕业，但他并不想当牧师。

S3His real dream was to be a scientist.他真正的梦想是成为科学家。

S4After graduation in 1831, Darwin left Plymouth on the Beagle, a ship that took him to South America and then around the world.1831 年毕业后，达尔文乘贝格尔号离开普利茅斯，这艘船带他去了南美洲，然后环游世界。

S5While he was travelling, he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited.旅行期间，他研究了船所到的国家和岛屿上的动植物。

S6The trip was planned to last for two years, but in fact, it lasted for five years.这次航行原计划持续两年，但事实上持续了五年。

S7He collected lots of plants and animals and took them back to England to study.他收集了大量动植物，并把它们带回英国研究。

P4 · 科学成就

S1Several years later, Darwin published an important scientific paper — On the Origin of Species.几年后，达尔文发表了一篇重要的科学论文——《物种起源》。

S2Most scientists accepted Darwin's theory and people continue studying it today.大多数科学家接受了达尔文的理论，人们至今仍在研究它。

P5 · 结束语

S1Thank you!谢谢大家！

四、作文金句仿写

WRITING BOOST · 黑色为框架，灰色底纹为可替换词

把文中的好句子拆成"句型框架"，换上你自己的词，就能写出漂亮的句子。

金句 1 I am very pleased to introduce my favourite scientist to you.

I am very pleased to introduce my favourite scientist / my best friend / our school to you / everyone / the class.

仿写：I am very pleased to introduce my best friend to you. 我很高兴把我的好朋友介绍给你。

适用：演讲、介绍人物或事物的开场白。

金句 2 I searched for the information from the internet and can't wait to share it with you.

I / We searched for the information / read the book / learned a lot and can't wait to share it / my feelings / the good news with you / them.

仿写：I read the book and can't wait to share my feelings with you. 我读了这本书，迫不及待想和你分享我的感受。

适用：表达急切分享的心情（can't wait to do sth.）。

金句 3 Darwin liked spending time outdoors discovering nature more than attending medical classes.

Darwin / She / My brother liked spending time outdoors / reading books / playing basketball more than attending medical classes / watching TV / playing computer games.

仿写：She likes reading books more than watching TV. 比起看电视，她更喜欢读书。

适用：比较两种喜好（like doing A more than doing B）。

金句 4 The trip was planned to last for two years, but in fact, it lasted for five years.

The trip / meeting / project was planned to last / take / finish for two years / in one hour / by May, but in fact, it lasted for five years / it took three hours / it finished in June.

仿写：The meeting was planned to last for one hour, but in fact, it lasted for three. 会议原计划一个小时，实际上开了三个小时。

适用：对比计划与实际情况（was planned to... but in fact...）。

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