六选五精读 | 宋应星与《天工开物》（8上Unit1 Test1）

解题策略

FOUR-STEP STRATEGY

先做 第 2、3 空（细节题）

这两空最容易：选项与前后文有直接的关键词照应（如人名、时间、地点、逻辑词）。先确认它们，再划掉已选选项。

划掉已经确认的选项

每确定一空，就把对应选项字母划掉。剩余选项越少，后面排除越简单。

再做 第 4、5 空（句首挖空）

句首挖空的句子一般是概括整段内容的主题句。方法：读挖空后面的句子，看它们在讲什么，往前推导出"这一段在说哪件事"，再去选项中找能概括它的句子。

最后做 段首 / 段尾（总结概括句）

段首、段尾通常是总结性句子。先看前后段落大意，再回到剩余选项中比对，用排除法得出正确答案。剩余选项中常有一个"多余项"，它内容虽相关但文中无对应位置，最后必被排除。

文章 + 选项区

PASSAGE + OPTIONS · 左文右选，同色关联

文章（答案已填入）点击任意单词可查词典

P1 Many of you may have heard of Tiangong Kaiwu. 1D But how much do you know about its writer, Song Yingxing?

P2 Song was an excellent scientist during the late Ming dynasty. 2C He had a happy childhood. He and his brother Song Yingsheng went to school together. Both of them were very smart. Song won third place while his brother won sixth in the provincial imperial examination (科举考试). Later, Song and his brother took the national imperial examination, but they both failed. 3F

P3 Song worked as a teacher for many years. At the same time, he prepared for the national imperial examination six times. 4A On his several trips to the capital to take the exams, however, he learnt about the different technologies that were being used in different fields. His practical experiences and wide knowledge helped him create Tiangong Kaiwu in the 1630s.

P4 5B The explanations about these technologies and tools are clear and detailed. There are also many illustrations (插图) to help with the understanding of the text. The encyclopaedia became popular soon after it came out.

1 空关联（Tiangong Kaiwu → It） 2 空关联（born → childhood） 3 空关联（failed → take up jobs） 4 空关联（six times → Unluckily） 5 空关联（technologies and tools → these）灰色虚线框 = 多余项

选项区 · 一句一行与原文同色关联

AUnluckily, he never became successful.不幸的是，他从未取得成功。

BThe book covers more than 130 production technologies and tools.这本书涵盖 130 多种生产技术工具。

CHe was born into a common family in 1587.1587 年，他出生在一个普通家庭。

DIt is one of the greatest technological encyclopaedias written in Chinese.它是用中文写成的伟大科技百科全书之一。

EOne day, the good news came to the two brothers.多余项有一天，好消息传到了兄弟俩那里。

FThey had no choice but to take up jobs offered by the government.他们别无选择，只能接受政府提供的工作。

逐空解析

ANALYSIS · 每空：答案 + 关联依据

1答案 D

关联前文说 Many of you may have heard of Tiangong Kaiwu（很多人听说过《天工开物》）→ D 选项的 It 指代 Tiangong Kaiwu，顺承介绍"它是一本伟大的科技百科全书"；后文 But 一转，引出 its writer（它的作者）。

判断代词指代（It ↔ Tiangong Kaiwu）+ 先总评书、再引作者，逻辑通顺 → 选 D。B 也讲书，但"具体内容"应放第 4 段（有 these technologies and tools 呼应），此处不放。

2答案 C

关联前文说 Song was an excellent scientist during the late Ming dynasty（他是明代晚期的优秀科学家）→ 顺承介绍他的出身：He was born into a common family in 1587；后文写 He had a happy childhood（他童年幸福）→ born（出生）→ childhood（童年）时间线衔接。

判断C 项"出生 + 时间"是人物介绍的标准开头，与前后文时间线自然衔接 → 选 C。

3答案 F

关联前文：they took the national imperial examination, but they both failed（兄弟俩都落榜了）→ 落榜后别无出路，只能 They had no choice but to take up jobs offered by the government（接受政府提供的工作）→ 下文 P3 接着说 Song worked as a teacher（他当了多年老师），正是"做公家工作"的具体体现。

判断落榜（failed）→ 别无选择找工作（take up jobs）→ 当老师（worked as a teacher），是承上启下的因果链；A 项 Unluckily...successful 是"备考六次仍不中"的结局，要到 P3 的 six times 之后才顺 → 此处选 F。

4答案 A

关联前文：he prepared for the national imperial examination six times（他备考了六次）→ 考了这么多次仍无结果，Unluckily, he never became successful（不幸的是，他始终没能考中）；后文 On his several trips... he learnt about technologies（在旅途中他学到了技术）→ 既然考不中，他转而在差旅实践中成就学问。

判断"备考六次"（six times）与"不幸从未成功"（Unluckily...successful）是同一事件的先后收尾，unluckily 正好呼应六次屡败的遗憾；F 项"别无选择做政府工作"应紧接 P2 落榜处 → 此处选 A。

5答案 B

关联后文：The explanations about these technologies and tools are clear and detailed（对这些技术和工具的解释清晰详细）→ 定冠词 these 指代前文已提到的内容 → 前文必先说明书里"有这些技术和工具"。

判断B 项 The book covers more than 130 production technologies and tools 正好与 these technologies and tools 同义复现（概括句 → 细节展开）→ 选 B。剩下 E（好消息）文中无对应，为多余项。