READING B · 阅读理解 · 5 题

阅读理解精练 · Being Watched

人为什么会感知到被注视 · 定位词同色高亮 + 波浪线答案依据 + 文章精读

5 题 · 1-5定位词高亮答案依据波浪线选项解析文章精读
图例 LEGEND Q1 定位词 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 题干定位词与原文同色高亮；波浪线 = 答案依据；红色 = 错误关键点

一、文章

PASSAGE · 点击任意单词可查词典

P1 Humans are good at telling whether another person is looking at them from a distance.

P2 When you feel someone is looking at you, what makes you feel their watching? Often, it's the position (位置) of the person's head or body. If both his or her head and body are turned towards you, it's clear where the person's attention is focused. It's even clearer when the person's body is pointed away from you but his or her head is facing you. When this happens, you immediately look into the person's eyes to see where he or she is looking.

P3 Human eyes are different from those of other animals. Our pupils (瞳孔) and irises (虹膜) are darker than the white part of the eyeball known as the sclera (巩膜). This is why we can know it when someone is looking at us or simply looking past us. We have evolved (进化) to have larger white scleras, which help us make eye contact. However, animals don't want the animals that they hunt to know where they're looking, so their eyes are different from ours.

P4 But when head and body positions don't provide much information, research shows that we can still know another person's long look well. Clifford, a researcher, tested this by asking people to point out where different eyes were looking. He found that in situations where we weren't sure where a person was looking, our brain told us that we were being watched.

二、题目精析

QUESTIONS · 定位词 → 原文依据 → 选项对错原因
1

What will often happen when someone's head turns towards us?

当某人的头转向我们时，通常会发生什么？

细节理解
定位原文 P2：head and body are turned towards you（头和身体转向你）→ When this happens, you immediately look into the person's eyes（这时，你会立即看向对方的眼睛）
解析题干 What will often happen when someone's head turns towards us?（当某人的头转向我们时，通常会发生什么？）→ 原文线索 head and body are turned towards you（头和身体转向你）→ 对应 you immediately look into the person's eyes（你立即看向对方的眼睛）→ 选 D. We will look at him or her directly。
答案D. We will look at him or her directly
AWe won't react quickly.我们不会快速反应。✗ 与原文相反——原文是 immediately（立即）。
BWe won't necessarily feel it.我们不一定能感觉到。✗ 与原文相反——我们能清楚感知并回应。
CWe will watch his or her position.我们会看对方的位置。✗ 偷换概念——我们看的是对方的眼睛，不是位置。
DWe will look at him or her directly.我们会直接看向对方。✓ you immediately look into the person's eyes。
2

In what way are animals different from us according to Paragraph 3?

根据第 3 段，动物与我们有什么不同？

细节理解
定位原文 P3：Human eyes are different from those of other animals（人类的眼睛与其他动物不同）→ We have evolved to have larger white scleras… so their eyes are different from ours（我们进化出更大的白色巩膜……所以它们的眼睛与我们不同）
解析题干 In what way are animals different from us?（动物与我们有什么不同？）→ 原文线索 We have evolved to have larger white scleras… their eyes are different from ours（我们进化出更大的巩膜……它们的眼睛与我们不同）→ 我们巩膜更大 → 动物的巩膜更小 → 选 C。
答案C. Their scleras are smaller than ours
AThey depend on each other to live.它们互相依赖生存。✗ 无中生有——原文没有提到。
BThey evolved more slowly than us.它们进化得比我们慢。✗ 无中生有——原文没说进化速度。
CTheir scleras are smaller than ours.它们的巩膜比我们的小。✓ 我们 evolved to have larger scleras → 动物相对更小。
DOur pupils are larger than theirs.我们的瞳孔比它们的大。✗ 张冠李戴——原文对比的是巩膜 sclera，不是瞳孔。
3

What does the underlined word "this" in Paragraph 4 refer to?

第 4 段划线词 this 指代什么？

代词指代
定位原文 P4：when head and body positions don't provide much information, research shows that we can still know another person's long look well（当头部和身体位置提供不了多少信息时，研究表明我们依然能很好地感知他人的注视）→ Clifford tested this（克利福德测试了这一点）
解析题干 What does the underlined word "this" in Paragraph 4 refer to?（第 4 段划线词 this 指代什么？）→ 前文线索 we can still know another person's long look well（我们依然能感知他人的注视）→ this 指代前一句提到的事实：即使没有头部/身体位置线索，人们依然能感知他人的注视 → 选 A。
答案A
APeople can sense a long look without head or body position clues (线索).没有头部或身体位置线索，人们也能感知到注视。✓ 正是前文研究结论。
BAnimals hide their eye directions when hunting.动物捕猎时会隐藏视线方向。✗ 张冠李戴——这是第 3 段内容，不在 this 指代范围。
CThe brain makes mistakes in deciding eye directions.大脑在判断视线方向时会出错。✗ 与原文相反——大脑反而帮助我们判断。
DEye contact is important in human communication.眼神交流在人际沟通中很重要。✗ 无中生有——不是本句 this 的指代对象。
4

What can we learn from the passage?

我们能从文章中学到什么？

推理判断
定位原文 P4：in situations where we weren't sure where a person was looking, our brain told us that we were being watched（当我们不确定对方在看哪里时，我们的大脑告诉我们：我们正被注视着）
解析题干 What can we learn from the passage?（我们能从文章中学到什么？）→ 原文线索 our brain told us that we were being watched（大脑告诉我们正被注视）→ 实验结论：位置线索不足时，大脑会告诉我们"被注视了" → 选 C。
答案C
AAnimals don't make eye contact.动物不做眼神交流。✗ 绝对化——原文只说动物眼睛与人类不同，没说从不眼神交流。
BPeople can always correctly tell where others are looking.人们总能正确判断别人在看哪里。✗ 绝对化——always 太绝对，原文说 in situations where we weren't sure（有不确定的时候）。
CThe brain helps people sense being watched in unclear situations.大脑帮助人们在不确定的情况下感知被注视。✓ our brain told us that we were being watched。
DThe body position is the only way to help us know others' eye directions.身体位置是帮助我们判断他人视线的唯一方法。✗ 绝对化——only 太绝对，P4 说明没有位置线索也能感知。
5

What does the passage mainly talk about?

这篇文章主要讲什么？

主旨大意
定位原文 P1 首句：Humans are good at telling whether another person is looking at them（人类擅长判断另一个人是否在看自己）→ 全文解释人类为何能做到
解析题干 What does the passage mainly talk about?（文章主要讲什么？）→ 原文线索 Humans are good at telling whether another person is looking at them（人类擅长判断是否被注视）→ 文章回答"为什么能感知到被注视"：P2 头部/身体位置线索、P3 眼睛结构（巩膜）、P4 大脑补充判断 → 主旨是解释原因 → 选 C。
答案C. Why we can feel when being looked at
AWhether we can feel when being looked at.是否我们能感知被注视。✗ 跑题——文章默认"能"，重点解释"为什么"。
BWhen we can feel others are looking at us.何时我们能感知被注视。✗ 以偏概全——时间不是重点，原因是重点。
CWhy we can feel when being looked at.我们为什么能感知被注视。✓ 从位置、眼睛结构、大脑三方面解释原因。
DHow we act when being looked at.被注视时我们如何行动。✗ 以偏概全——行动只是其中一处细节。

三、文章精读

INTENSIVE READING · 词性标注 + 句型分析

按词性标注颜色读句子：绿色=动词，粉字=形容词，蓝字=副词，紫字=介词，橙字=连词，带底纹=词形变化。点击生词仍可查词典。

P1 · 人类擅长感知被注视

S1Humans are good at telling whether another person is looking at them from a distance.人类擅长判断另一个人是否在远处看着自己。

P2 · 头部与身体的位置线索

S1When you feel someone is looking at you, what makes you feel their watching?当你感觉到有人在看你时，是什么让你感觉到他们的注视？

S2Often, it's the position of the person's head or body.通常，是人的头部或身体的位置。

S3If both his or her head and body are turned towards you, it's clear where the person's attention is focused.如果对方的头和身体都转向你，他的注意力在哪里就很清楚了。

S4It's even clearer when the person's body is pointed away from you but his or her head is facing you.当对方身体背对你、但头却朝向你时，就更加明显了。

S5When this happens, you immediately look into the person's eyes to see where he or she is looking.这时，你会立即看向对方的眼睛，看他在看哪里。

P3 · 眼睛结构与动物不同

S1Human eyes are different from those of other animals.人类的眼睛与其他动物不同。

S2Our pupils and irises are darker than the white part of the eyeball known as the sclera.我们的瞳孔和虹膜比眼球中称为巩膜的白色部分更暗。

S3This is why we can know it when someone is looking at us or simply looking past us.这就是为什么我们能知道某人在看我们，还是只是看我们旁边。

S4We have evolved to have larger white scleras, which help us make eye contact.我们进化出更大的白色巩膜，这帮助我们进行眼神交流。

S5However, animals don't want the animals that they hunt to know where they're looking, so their eyes are different from ours.然而，动物不希望它们捕猎的动物知道自己在看哪里，所以它们的眼睛与我们不同。

P4 · 大脑的补充判断

S1But when head and body positions don't provide much information, research shows that we can still know another person's long look well.但当头部和身体位置提供不了多少信息时，研究表明我们依然能很好地感知他人的注视。

S2Clifford, a researcher, tested this by asking people to point out where different eyes were looking.研究员克利福德通过让人们指出不同的眼睛在看哪里来测试这一点。

S3He found that in situations where we weren't sure where a person was looking, our brain told us that we were being watched.他发现，当我们不确定一个人在看哪里时，我们的大脑会告诉我们：我们正被注视着。

四、作文金句仿写

WRITING BOOST · 黑色为框架，灰色底纹为可替换词

把文中的好句子拆成"句型框架"，换上你自己的词，就能写出漂亮的句子。

金句 1 Humans are good at telling whether another person is looking at them from a distance.

Humans / Dogs / My grandma are / is good at telling whether another person is looking at them / finding the way home / telling stories from a distance / in the dark / to us.

仿写：Dogs are good at finding the way home from a distance. 狗擅长远距离找到回家的路。

适用：介绍某人/某物的特长（be good at doing）。

金句 2 We have evolved to have larger white scleras, which help us make eye contact.

We / Our school / The city have evolved / has grown / has developed to have larger white scleras / be a big family / have more parks, which help us make eye contact / which make us proud / which help people relax.

仿写：Our school has grown to be a big family, which makes us proud. 我们学校发展成了一个大家庭，这让我们自豪。

适用：用非限制性定语从句补充说明（which...）。

金句 3 When head and body positions don't provide much information, research shows that we can still know another person's long look well.

When head and body positions don't provide much information / Even when we are very tired / Although it was raining hard, research shows / I / he that we can still know another person's long look well / can still do my homework / kept working.

仿写：Although it was raining hard, he kept working. 虽然雨下得很大，他仍继续工作。

适用：表达"即使……仍然……"的坚持。

金句 4 In situations where we weren't sure where a person was looking, our brain told us that we were being watched.

In situations where we weren't sure where a person was looking / I felt nervous / the answer was unclear, our brain / my mother / the teacher told us that we were being watched / told me to take a deep breath / asked us to think again.

仿写：In situations where I felt nervous, my mother told me to take a deep breath. 当我紧张时，妈妈叫我深呼吸。

适用：用 in situations where... 描述特定情形下的应对。

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