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IELTS 4.5 入门者（中高级） · Unit 2 · 文章精读

Archimedes and the golden crown 阿基米德与金冠

原文精读 · 词汇词组 · 语法和从句分析
名词/冠词/代词/数字 动词 不定式 动名词 现在分词 形容词 副词 介词 连词 引导词 that 引导词 when/从句

一、原文精读

1One day in the ancient Greek city of Syracuse, King Hiero asked a crown maker to make him a fancy golden crown. At first, he was very satisfied with it.
一天，在古希腊城市叙拉古，国王希罗让一位金匠为他制作一顶精美的金冠。起初，他对这顶金冠非常满意。
2“It is a nice crown, isn’t it?” he asked his son, the prince. Later, however, he began to doubt whether it was a real golden crown. “Is it made completely of gold?” he wondered. He sent it to Archimedes and asked him to find out the truth.
“这是一顶漂亮的金冠，不是吗？”他问他的儿子——王子。然而后来，他开始怀疑这是否是一顶真正的金冠。“它完全是由金子制成的吗？”他疑惑道。他把金冠送给阿基米德，请他查明真相。
3“This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do?” thought Archimedes.
“这个问题似乎很难解决。我该怎么办？”阿基米德想。
4Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water. When he got into the bath, some water ran over.
当阿基米德往浴缸里放水时，他仍在思考这个问题。当他进入浴缸时，一些水溢了出来。
5“Eureka①! That is it!” shouted Archimedes. “I know how to solve the king’s problem!”
“尤里卡①！就是它！”阿基米德喊道。“我知道如何解决国王的问题了！”
6Archimedes went straight to the palace to see the king. First, he weighed the crown and asked the king for some gold of the same weight.
阿基米德直奔王宫去见国王。首先，他称了金冠的重量，并向国王要一些同样重量的金子。
7Next, he put two pots into two big bowls and filled both pots with water. He put the gold into one pot, and some water ran into the bowl.
接着，他把两个罐子放进两个大碗里，往两个罐子里装满水。他把金子放进一个罐子，一些水溢进了碗里。
8Then he put the crown into the other pot. This time, even more water ran into the bowl.
然后他把金冠放进另一个罐子。这一次，更多的水溢进了碗里。
9“Look at this,” said Archimedes to King Hiero. “A crown made completely of gold displaces less water than a crown made of gold and another metal. This crown displaced more water than gold of the same weight, so I know it is definitely not completely made of gold.”
“看这个，”阿基米德对希罗国王说。“完全由金子制成的金冠，比由金和另一种金属制成的金冠排开的水要少。这顶金冠比同样重量的金子排开了更多的水，所以我知道它肯定不是完全由金子制成的。”
10“The crown maker fooled me, didn’t he? What a bad man he is!” shouted King Hiero. He then sent the crown maker to prison, and he praised Archimedes for his clever discovery.
“那个金匠骗了我，是不是？他是个多么坏的人啊！”希罗国王喊道。然后他把金匠送进了监狱，并因阿基米德巧妙的发现而称赞他。
课文提示：本页为 Unit 2 “Great ideas” Archimedes and the golden crown 课文精读。① eureka /juˈriːkə/ exclamation（因找到某物，尤指问题的答案而高兴）我发现了——阿基米德在浴缸中因水位溢出而领悟浮力原理时喊出的词。
Archimedes and the golden crown

词汇

ancient adj.古代的
crown n.皇冠、王冠
maker n.制造者（crown maker 金匠）
fancy adj.精美的、华丽的
golden adj.金制的、金色的
satisfied adj.满意的
prince n.王子
doubt v.怀疑
gold n.金子
truth n.真相
problem n.问题
solve v.解决
bath n.浴缸、洗澡
palace n.王宫
weigh v.称重
weight n.重量
pot n.罐子
bowl n.碗
displace v.排开（水）
metal n.金属
definitely adv.肯定、确实
fool v.欺骗
prison n.监狱
praise v.称赞
clever adj.聪明的、巧妙的
discovery n.发现

词组

at first起初
be satisfied with对……满意
find out查明、弄清楚
begin to do开始做
a crown maker金匠
fill ... with用……装满
run over溢出
be made of由……制成（看得出材料）
go straight to直奔
of the same weight同样重量的
more ... than比……更多
send ... to prison把……送进监狱
praise ... for因……称赞

介词短语

in the ancient Greek city of Syracuse在古希腊城市叙拉古
with it对它
of gold由金子制成的
to Archimedes给阿基米德
about this problem关于这个问题
with water用水（装满）
into the bath进入浴缸
to the palace到王宫
for some gold要一些金子
into the bowl溢进碗里
to King Hiero对希罗国王
at this看这个
than gold of the same weight比同样重量的金子
for his clever discovery因他巧妙的发现

二、语法和从句分析

1. 不定式作宾语补足语 / 目的状语：“asked a crown maker to make him a fancy golden crown”中 ask sb. to do sth. 的 to make 作宾语补足语；“to see the king”“to solve the problem”中不定式表示目的。
2. 反意疑问句：“It’s a nice crown, isn’t it?”“The crown maker fooled me, didn’t he?”为“前肯后否”的反意疑问句，用于向对方确认。
3. whether 引导宾语从句：“he began to doubt whether it was a real golden crown”中 whether 引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。
4. 被动语态：“Is it made completely of gold?”“a crown made completely of gold”中 be made of 为被动结构，表示“由……制成”。
5. as / when 引导时间状语从句：“as he filled his bath with water”“When he got into the bath”中 as、when 引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。
6. how 引导宾语从句：“I know how to solve the king’s problem”中 how to do sth.（疑问词 + 不定式）作 know 的宾语。
7. than 引导比较状语从句：“displaces less water than a crown made of gold and another metal”中 than 引导比较状语从句，与前面的比较级 less / more 搭配。
8. so 引导结果状语从句：“...of the same weight, so I know it’s definitely not...”中 so 表示“所以”，引导结果。
9. What 引导感叹句：“What a bad man he is!”为 What + a(n) + 形容词 + 名词 的感叹句。
10. 过去分词作后置定语：“a crown made completely of gold”中过去分词 made 作后置定语，修饰 crown。
IELTS 4.5 入门者（中高级） · Unit 2 · 文章精读 · Archimedes and the golden crown