CLOZE · 完形填空 · 10 空

完形填空精练 · 苏轼 Su Shi

沪教牛津版九年级上册 Unit 1 Great people · 答案填入 + 逐题解析 + 文章精读

10 空 · 1-10答案浅黄高亮逐题解析文章精读作文金句
图例 LEGEND 填入的正确答案 上文线索（蓝波浪线） 下文线索（绿波浪线） 蓝波浪线 = 该空答案的依据在上文；绿波浪线 = 依据在下文

一、完整文章（答案已填入）

PASSAGE · 浅黄 = 填入的正确答案，波浪线 = 上下文线索

P1 Su Shi is familiar to us because we often study his ci in textbooks. He is remembered as one of the Eight Great Prose Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties.

p2 After becoming an official, Su Shi faced many challenges1. Other officials spoke badly2 of him, and as a result, he was demoted (贬谪) to serve in distant areas. However, he remained brave3 through these difficulties.

p3 First, he was sent to Huangzhou. There, he farmed land called Dongpo—a name4 that later became his nickname. It’s said that he even invented Dongpo Pork around5 that time. Many of his famous poems were also written there.

p4 Later, he was sent to Danzhou. Though6 he found the weather hot and the dialect (方言) difficult, he didn’t give up. Instead, he set up7 schools and made friends with locals.

p5 Su Shi left behind8 valuable cultural heritage. His poems encourage9 people to stay hopeful even in hard times. As Lin Yutang said, Su Shi was an optimist (乐天派), a friend of the people, and a true master—someone we can still admire10 today.

二、逐题解析

WHY · 为什么选它，另外三项为什么不行
1

After becoming an official, Su Shi faced many challenges.

成为官员后，苏轼面临许多挑战。

名词辨析 · 下文线索
考点名词词义辨析：四个词都表示抽象或具体的事物，要用后文交代的处境来判断。
解析空格前的 faced（面对）需要接一个“难对付的事”。紧接的下文说 he was demoted to serve in distant areas（被贬到偏远地区任职）——被贬官、去远方，正是巨大的挑战，所以填 challenges。changes（变化）中性，被贬官不是简单的“变化”；truths（真理）与“面对”不搭；items（物品）更与仕途坎坷无关。
答案A. challenges
Achallenges挑战 ✓✓ 与下文“被贬到偏远地区任职”的艰难处境完全照应，faced many challenges 搭配自然。
Bchanges变化✗ “变化”是中性词，无法体现被贬官的坎坷与压力。
Ctruths真理✗ 望文生义，“面对真理”不合逻辑，全文与“真理”无关。
Ditems物品，项目✗ 偷换概念，把仕途困境说成“物品”，语义不通。
2

Other officials spoke badly of him, and as a result, he was demoted.

其他官员说了他不少坏话，结果他被贬官。

副词辨析 · 固定搭配 speak badly of
考点副词辨析 + 固定搭配 speak badly of sb.（说某人坏话）与因果逻辑。
解析空格修饰 spoke，且后面跟了 of him。下文 as a result, he was demoted（结果他被贬官）说明这些官员说的绝不是好话，只能是 badly（恶意地、不好地），构成“说坏话 → 被贬”的因果链。happily（高兴地）与“被贬”矛盾；simply（仅仅）语意太弱且不成搭配；highly 虽有 speak highly of，但那是说好话，与后文结果相反。
答案B. badly
Ahappily高兴地，愉快地✗ 说人“高兴的好话”不会导致自己被贬，与 as a result 冲突。
Bbadly不好地，恶意地 ✓✓ 固定搭配 speak badly of sb. 意为“说某人坏话”，正好解释了下文被贬的原因。
Csimply仅仅，只✗ 表程度轻，不能表达“恶意中伤”，且 speak simply of 不表示“说坏话”。
Dhighly高度地，很✗ 张冠李戴：speak highly of 是“高度赞扬”，与“被贬官”的结果自相矛盾。
3

However, he remained brave through these difficulties.

然而，在这些困难中他依然勇敢。

形容词辨析 · 人物性格
考点形容词辨析，配合转折词 However 判断人物性格。
解析remained 是系动词，后面要接形容词作表语。前文说他被贬到远方（蓝波浪线上文），这里用 However 一转：处境很糟，他却“依然……”，因此只能是 brave（勇敢的）。下文 As Lin Yutang said, Su Shi was an optimist 也印证了他的坚韧乐观。silent（沉默的）、angry（生气的）、lazy（懒惰的）都与全文“乐观、不屈、有所作为”的形象相悖。
答案A. brave
Abrave勇敢的 ✓✓ However 转折 + 后文 optimist（乐天派）共同指向“身处逆境仍勇敢”。
Bsilent沉默的，不说话的✗ 无中生有：他后来还办学、交友、写诗，绝非沉默退缩。
Cangry生气的，愤怒的✗ 与“乐天派”“人民之友”的形象完全相反。
Dlazy懒惰的✗ 他在黄州耕东坡、在儋州办学校，是最勤奋的一类人。
4

There, he farmed land called Dongpo—a name that later became his nickname.

他在那里耕种一块叫“东坡”的土地——一个后来成为他名号的名字。

名词辨析 · 同义复现（nickname）
考点名词辨析，靠同义复现取词：空格后 that 从句里的 nickname 是“绰号、名号”。
解析破折号后面的同位语用 that later became his nickname（后来成了他的绰号）来解释“Dongpo”究竟是什么——它是一个名字（name），而不是 nation（国家）、menu（菜单）或 dish（菜）。注意“东坡肉”这个 dish 出现在下一句，属于偷换概念式干扰。
答案C. name
Anation国家，民族✗ 语境错位：一块土地不可能成为“国家”，也无法与 nickname 对应。
Bmenu菜单✗ 望文生义：只因下文提到 Dongpo Pork 就选“菜单”，但本句谈的是称呼。
Cname名字，名称 ✓✓ 与后置定语从句 that later became his nickname 构成同义复现，“东坡”成了他的名号。
Ddish菜，一道菜✗ 偷换概念：“菜”不会成为人的绰号，且 dish 是下一句 Dongpo Pork 的信息。
5

It’s said that he even invented Dongpo Pork around that time.

据说他大约就在那段时间发明了东坡肉。

介词辨析 · 时间
考点介词辨析（时间）：around that time = 大约在那段时间。
解析本空考的是“时间的大致范围”。around 作介词可表示“大约在……前后”，around that time 是固定表达。这句话本身没有强线索（数据文件中标注“无强线索”），主要靠搭配判断：before that time 意为“在那之前”，after that time 意为“在那之后”，都会把“发明东坡肉”与“在黄州”割裂开；from that time（从那时起）通常要与 on 连用（from that time on），单用不成立。所以选 D。
答案D. around
Abefore在……之前✗ 语义偏差：会变成“在黄州之前就发明了东坡肉”，与上文“在黄州耕种东坡”的时间线不符。
Bafter在……之后✗ 同样人为切断时间线，且 after that time 太确定，失去“据说”的不确定语气。
Cfrom从……（起）✗ 搭配不成立：from that time 需与 on 连用，且“从那时起发明”逻辑不通。
Daround大约在……前后 ✓✓ around that time 是固定搭配，表示“大约在那段时间”，与 It’s said that 的传闻语气一致。
6

Though he found the weather hot and the dialect difficult, he didn’t give up.

尽管他觉得天气炎热、方言难懂，他也没有放弃。

连词辨析 · 让步逻辑
考点连词辨析：判断前后分句之间的让步关系。
解析空格前是“天气炎热、方言难懂”（不利条件），空格后是 he didn’t give up（他没放弃）——前后是“退一步说”的让步关系，用 Though 引导让步状语从句。Because 表原因，与“没放弃”构不成因果；So 是并列连词，不能这样引导一个从句放在句首；If 表条件，“如果天气炎热”就变成了未发生的假设，逻辑不对。
答案C. Though
ABecause因为✗ 因果不成立：天气热并不会导致“不放弃”，反而该导致“放弃”。
BSo所以✗ 语法错误：So 是并列连词，不能置于句首引导这样的从句；且语义顺序颠倒。
CThough尽管，虽然 ✓✓ 前“条件恶劣”与后“没有放弃”构成典型让步，Though 引导让步状语从句最恰当。
DIf如果✗ 条件关系错误：他在儋州是真实经历，不是假设，且条件句与“没放弃”搭配不自然。
7

Instead, he set up schools and made friends with locals.

相反，他创办学校，还与当地人交朋友。

动词短语辨析
考点动词短语辨析：set up（创办、建立）+ 宾语 schools。
解析上文（蓝波浪线）he didn’t give up. Instead, 说明他不是消极应付，而是积极作为；后半句 and made friends with locals（与当地人交朋友）也是主动做事。能接 schools 并表示“创办”的只有 set up。looked up（查阅）、turned up（出现）、picked up（捡起；学会）都不能说“创办学校”。
答案B. set up
Alooked up查阅；抬头看✗ 搭配错误：look up schools 说不出“创办学校”的意思。
Bset up创办，建立 ✓✓ set up schools = 创办学校，与 made friends with locals 并列，体现他积极办学、融入当地。
Cturned up出现；调大（音量）✗ 语义不符：学校不会自己“出现”，也不及物。
Dpicked up捡起；学会；接人✗ 望文生义：pick up 与 schools 搭配不表示“创办”。
8

Su Shi left behind valuable cultural heritage.

苏轼留下了宝贵的文化遗产。

动词短语辨析
考点动词短语辨析：leave behind（留下、遗留）+ 宾语 heritage。
解析空格后的宾语是 valuable cultural heritage（宝贵的文化遗产），下文 His poems、As Lin Yutang said 都在盘点他给后人留下的东西，所以应是 left behind（留下）。fell behind 意为“落后”，put behind 意为“置于脑后、忘掉”，went behind 意为“走到……后面”，都没有“遗留”的意思。
答案C. left behind
Afell behind落后，掉队✗ 语义相反：落后的人不可能“留下宝贵遗产”。
Bput behind置于脑后，忘掉✗ 语义相反：把文化遗产忘掉，与全文敬意相悖。
Cleft behind留下，遗留 ✓✓ leave behind + valuable cultural heritage 搭配贴切，且与下文 His poems 的“遗产”照应。
Dwent behind走到……后面✗ 搭配不通：go behind 不表示“遗留”，也无法带 heritage 作宾语。
9

His poems encourage people to stay hopeful even in hard times.

他的诗词鼓励人们在艰难时刻仍心怀希望。

动词辨析 · 搭配
考点动词辨析 + 搭配：encourage sb. to do sth.（鼓励某人做某事）。
解析空格后的结构是 people to stay hopeful（人们保持希望）。同句后置线索 to stay hopeful even in hard times 是积极的语义方向，说明诗词起的是“鼓舞”作用，因此用 encourage。expect sb. to do 多指“预料/期望某事发生”，不带鼓舞色彩；invite sb. to do 是“邀请”，与“艰难时刻仍心怀希望”不搭；force sb. to do 是“强迫”，与苏轼诗词给人力量的形象相悖。
答案A. encourage
Aencourage鼓励，鼓舞 ✓✓ encourage sb. to do sth. 搭配正确，且与 to stay hopeful 的积极语义一致。
Bexpect期望，预料✗ 情感色彩不符：“期望人们保持希望”是预测，不是诗词给人的鼓舞。
Cinvite邀请✗ 张冠李戴：诗词不会“邀请”人们保持希望。
Dforce强迫，迫使✗ 语义过强且贬义，与全文对苏轼的赞美完全冲突。
10

Su Shi was an optimist, a friend of the people, and a true master—someone we can still admire today.

苏轼是乐天派、人民之友、真正的大师——一个我们今天仍然敬佩的人。

动词辨析 · 情感态度
考点动词辨析，依据全文的情感态度（正面评价）取词。
解析空格的主语是 someone we can still，指代前面那位 optimist、a friend of the people、a true master（乐天派、人民之友、真正的大师）——全是褒义头衔，因此我们今天对他是 admire（敬佩、仰慕）。hate（恨）情感相反；hear（听见）和 see（看见）只说“感知”，无法承载全文的崇敬之意，且 hear sb. 后一般要接 do/doing 结构，此处也不通。
答案D. admire
Ahate憎恨，讨厌✗ 情感完全相反：全文对苏轼是赞美与敬仰。
Bhear听见✗ 语义单薄：“听见”不能表达“崇敬”，且 hear sb. 不这样搭配。
Csee看见✗ 以偏概全：只表示视觉感知，丢失了作者的评价态度。
Dadmire敬佩，仰慕 ✓✓ 与前文 a true master、optimist 等褒义评价呼应，收束全文的敬意。

三、文章精读

INTENSIVE READING · 词性套色 + 从句划线

精读说明：按《词性标注配色规则》套色——绿=谓语动词，绿底=不定式，墨绿+灰底=动名词，玫红=形容词/形容词性物主代词，玫红+粉底=分词，蓝=副词，紫=介词，橙=连词，橙底=that 类引导词，蓝底=wh- 类引导词，红=疑问词，深灰=冠词/代词/名词；句子下的橙色下划线=that 类从句，蓝色下划线=wh- 类从句。每句末尾的小喇叭可单独朗读该句，点击生词可查词典。

配色速查 谓语动词 不定式 动名词 形容词/物主代词 分词 副词 介词 连词 that 类引导词 wh- 类引导词 疑问词 冠词/代词/名词
P1 · 词传千古

S1Su Shi is familiar to us because we often study his ci in textbooks.苏轼对我们来说很熟悉，因为我们常在课本里学习他的词。

S2He is remembered as one of the Eight Great Prose Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties.他被人们铭记为唐宋八大家之一。

P2 · 仕途坎坷

S1After becoming an official, Su Shi faced many challenges.成为官员后，苏轼面临许多挑战。

S2Other officials spoke badly of him, and as a result, he was demoted (贬谪) to serve in distant areas.其他官员说他坏话，结果他被贬到偏远地区任职。

S3However, he remained brave through these difficulties.然而，在这些困难中他依然勇敢。

P3 · 黄州东坡

S1First, he was sent to Huangzhou.起初，他被贬到黄州。

S2There, he farmed land called Dongpo—a name that later became his nickname.在那里，他耕种一块叫“东坡”的土地——一个后来成为他名号的名字。

S3It’s said that he even invented Dongpo Pork around that time.据说他大约就在那段时间发明了东坡肉。

S4Many of his famous poems were also written there.他许多著名的诗词也是在那里写成的。

P4 · 儋州办学

S1Later, he was sent to Danzhou.后来，他又被贬到儋州。

S2Though he found the weather hot and the dialect (方言) difficult, he didn’t give up.尽管他觉得天气炎热、方言难懂，他也没有放弃。

S3Instead, he set up schools and made friends with locals.相反，他创办学校，还与当地人交朋友。

P5 · 千古大师

S1Su Shi left behind valuable cultural heritage.苏轼留下了宝贵的文化遗产。

S2His poems encourage people to stay hopeful even in hard times.他的诗词鼓励人们在艰难时刻仍心怀希望。

S3As Lin Yutang said, Su Shi was an optimist (乐天派), a friend of the people, and a true master—someone we can still admire today.正如林语堂所说，苏轼是乐天派，是人民的朋友，是真正的大师——一个我们今天仍然敬佩的人。

四、作文金句仿写

WRITING BOOST · 黑色为框架，灰色底纹为可替换词

把文中的好句子拆成“句型框架”，换上你自己的词，就能写出漂亮的作文句子。

金句 1 Su Shi is familiar to us because we often study his ci in textbooks.

Su Shi / Yuan Longping / Tu Youyou is familiar to us / Chinese students / young people because we often study his ci in textbooks / we learn his story in class / everyone knows her name.

仿写：Yuan Longping is familiar to Chinese students because we learn his story in our biology textbooks. 袁隆平对中国学生来说很熟悉，因为我们在生物课本里学过他的故事。

适用：写“我最敬佩的人/伟人”的开头，用 be familiar to sb. + because 交代熟悉的原因。

金句 2 He is remembered as one of the Eight Great Prose Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties.

He / She / They is / are remembered as one of the Eight Great Prose Masters / the greatest writers / the most important scientists of the Tang and Song Dynasties / modern China / the twentieth century.

仿写：She is remembered as one of the greatest scientists of modern China. 她作为现代中国最伟大的科学家之一而被人们铭记。

适用：人物评价类作文的“定性句”，be remembered as one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词，一句话抬高人物地位。

金句 3 However, he remained brave through these difficulties.

However / Still / Even so, he / she / they remained / stayed brave / calm / hopeful / hard-working through these difficulties / those hard years / the hardest time.

仿写：However, she remained calm through those hard years. 然而，在那些艰难的岁月里她始终镇定。

适用：写人物“遇到困难但不放弃”的转折句，However + remain + 形容词，简洁有力。

金句 4 His poems encourage people to stay hopeful even in hard times.

His poems / His words / Her story encourage / teach / help people / us / young people to stay hopeful / to keep trying / to work hard even in hard times / difficult situations / times of trouble.

仿写：Her story teaches young people to keep trying even in hard times. 她的事迹教导年轻人在艰难时刻也要不断努力。

适用：作文结尾写“人物给我们带来的精神力量”，encourage sb. to do sth. + even in hard times 是高频收束句式。

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