GRAMMAR FILL · 语法填空 · 10 空(36-45)

语法填空精练 · William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚

沪教牛津版九年级上册 Unit 1 Great people 单元自测 · 答案填入 + 逐空解析 + However 与 But 辨析 + 词性套色精读 + 语法精讲 6 讲 + 综合小测 8 题

36-45 · 10 空答案浅黄高亮逐空解析However 与 But 辨析词性套色精读语法精讲 6 讲 + 综合小测 8 题
图例 LEGEND 填入的官方答案 括号里的提示词(原词)/ 空号 黄色高亮 = 需要填进空格的答案;蓝色虚线框 = 题干给出的提示词,必须变形后再填入

一、文章(答案已填入)

PASSAGE · 黄色 = 答案 · 蓝框 = 提示词 · 点击生词可查词典

语法填空要点:① 有提示词的,先判断要填的词性——动词看时态・语态・非谓语,名词看单复数,形容词看是否要变副词或比较等级;② 没有提示词的,多是介词、冠词、代词、连词、引导词等虚词,靠上下文逻辑和固定搭配判断;③ 填完把答案放回原文,语法与语义都通顺才算对。

P1 William Shakespeare is well-known as a famous English playwright and poet. Born in 1564 in England, Shakespeare is considered 36 (consider) one of the greatest dramatists of all time. His plays have been performed more times than those of any other dramatist. This, undoubtedly 37 (doubt), makes him one of the greatest minds.

P2 Shakespeare’s works explore human nature and the truth 38 (true) of social problems through his plays. Some of his most famous works, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, still remain powerful 39 (power) even today.

P3 Shakespeare left school at 40 the age of 14. Then, he made a decision to find 41 (find) a career in acting. In 1592, he moved to London and joined a theatre company.

P4 It was a turning 42 (turn) point for him. He quickly rose to become a 43 successful actor and began writing his own plays. Altogether, Shakespeare wrote about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and several long and short poems. He died in 1616. However 44, his works still continue to encourage audiences worldwide.

P5 Today, Shakespeare’s plays are still performed in English and many other languages, especially in different universities 45 (university) around the world. His works have shaped the way stories are told and understood.

二、逐空解析

ANALYSIS · 每空:考点 → 解析 → 答案
36被动语态 · 一般现在时is considered
考点主语是动作的承受者 → 用被动语态 be + 过去分词;陈述客观事实 → 一般现在时;主语第三人称单数 → be 用 is。
解析主语 Shakespeare 是“被人们认为”的对象,不是他在认为别人,所以必须用被动语态。句子讲的是客观事实(莎士比亚在历史上一直被认为是……),用一般现在时;主语是不可数概念的专有名词单数,be 动词用 is,consider 的过去分词是 considered,故填 is considered。固定搭配 consider sb./sth. (to be) one of …=认为某人/某物是……之一。
易错写成 considers 就成了“莎士比亚认为”,主语与动作关系颠倒;写成 was considered 则把客观事实误当成过去一次性动作。另外要注意“被认为”常译作 is considered / is believed / is known,都属于被动结构。
37词性转换 · 副词作插入性状语undoubtedly
考点空处在主语 This 与谓语 makes 之间、被两个逗号隔开,作状语修饰整句 → 必须用副词。
解析句子主干是 This makes him one of the greatest minds.(这使他成为最伟大的智者之一),中间插入的 undoubtedly 是修饰整个句子的评注性状语,意为“无疑、的确”。doubt 是名词/动词,加前缀 un- 再加后缀 -ed、-ly 构成副词 undoubtedly。句意:这无疑使他成为最伟大的智者之一。
易错若填 doubtful(怀疑的)或 doubt(怀疑),句子意思就变成“这怀疑地使他……”,语义不通;插入语位置只能用副词,这是词性转换题最常见的判断依据:看它在句中充当什么成分。
38词性转换 · 名词truth
考点空前有定冠词 the、空后有介词短语 of social problems → 需要名词。
解析the … of social problems 是典型的“名词 + of + 名词”结构,中间只能放名词。true 是形容词,其名词形式是 truth(真相、事实),在此与前面的 human nature(人性)并列作 explore 的宾语。句意:莎士比亚的作品通过他的戏剧探讨人性以及社会问题的真相。
易错truth 在此为不可数用法(抽象名词),不加 -s;若写成 trueness 则不是英语中表达“真相”的常用词。形容词变名词的常见后缀:-th(true → truth, strong → strength)、-ness(happy → happiness)、-ty(safe → safety)。
39词性转换 · 形容词作表语powerful
考点remain 是系动词,后接形容词作表语,不能接名词或副词。
解析句子的谓语是系动词 remain(仍然是),主语 Some of his most famous works 指作品,作品“是充满力量的”,所以表语要用形容词 powerful。power 是名词,加后缀 -ful 构成形容词。句意:他最著名的一些作品,如《哈姆雷特》《奥赛罗》《李尔王》和《麦克白》,至今依然充满力量。
易错系动词家族:be、become、remain、feel、look、sound、taste、smell、seem、stay、grow、turn,后面一律接形容词。本页还有 He quickly rose to become a successful actor——become 后接的是名词短语,所以那里要加冠词,两者不要混。
40介词 · 固定搭配at
考点at the age of + 数字=在……岁时,是固定时间短语。
解析本空没有提示词,考查虚词。句中 left school(离开学校)后接 the age of 14,表示“在 14 岁那年”,英语固定说 at the age of 14,介词只能用 at。句意:莎士比亚 14 岁离开学校。
易错表年龄的三种说法:at the age of 14=at 14=when he was 14。另外 in 用于年份、月份,on 用于具体某一天,at 用于时刻和“在……岁时”,不要写成 in the age of 14。
41非谓语 · 不定式作定语to find
考点make a decision to do sth.=决定做某事;不定式作 decision 的定语。
解析空前是 a decision,后面解释“决定的内容”,英语中用不定式作后置定语,即 make a decision to do sth.。同类结构还有 make a plan / an effort / a promise to do sth.。find 是动词原形,直接加 to 构成 to find。句意:然后,他决定在演艺界谋求一份事业。
易错不要因为空后是 career 而误写成 finding;decide 后同样接 to do(decide to do sth.)。判断口诀:名词/动词后接“去做”用不定式,介词后用动名词——本文 in acting 的 acting 就是介词后的动名词。
42现在分词作定语 · 固定表达turning
考点a turning point=转折点,是固定表达;turning 由 turn + -ing 构成,作定语修饰 point。
解析空前有不定冠词 a、空后是名词 point,空处需要一个修饰名词的成分。turn 加 -ing 变成现在分词 turning,与 point 构成一个固定的名词短语 a turning point,表示“(事情的)转折点”。句意:这对他来说是一个转折点。
易错同类“-ing 作定语”的固定搭配还有 a swimming pool(游泳池)、a reading room(阅览室)、a waiting room(候车室)、the coming year(即将到来的一年);若是过去分词作定语则表被动,如 a broken cup(一只被打破的杯子)。turning 表主动意义,所以用 -ing。
43冠词a
考点可数名词单数泛指用不定冠词;a / an 看读音不看字母。
解析actor 是可数名词单数,此处泛指“一位成功的演员”,所以要加不定冠词。冠词后面的第一个词是 successful,其首音素是辅音 /s/,所以用 a 而不是 an。句意:他很快成长为一位成功的演员,并开始创作自己的剧本。
易错用 an 的情况看的是元音音素:an hour(h 不发音)、an honest boy、an old man;用 a 的情况包括 a university(/j/ 起首)、a useful book、a European country。本文 45 空前的 different 也提醒我们:different / many / several / one of the 后面要用复数名词。
44转折副词 · 句首 + 逗号However
考点语义转折且空处位于句首、后面紧跟逗号 → 用连接副词 However(首字母大写)。
解析前一句 He died in 1616.(他 1616 年去世)与后一句 his works still continue to encourage audiences worldwide(他的作品仍在激励全世界的观众)在语义上形成转折:人已经去世,影响却延续至今。空前是句号,空后是逗号,说明这里另起一句、用逗号隔开的评注性状语 → 只能填 However。句意:然而,他的作品仍在激励着全世界的观众。
易错不能用 But,因为 but 是并列连词,必须直接放在两个分句中间(A, but B.),不能“句号 + But + 逗号”这样单独起句;也不能用 Although,although 是连词,后面必须接完整的从句(Although he died in 1616, his works …),而本空后是逗号加主句。详见第三节辨析。
45名词复数universities
考点different + 可数名词复数;辅音字母 + y 结尾 → 变 y 为 i 加 -es。
解析空前是 different(不同的),表示“世界各地不同的许多大学”,university 是可数名词,必须用复数。拼写规则:university 以“辅音字母 r + y”结尾,变 y 为 i 再加 -es,得到 universities。句意:如今,莎士比亚的戏剧仍用英语和许多其他语言上演,尤其是在世界各地不同的大学里。
易错元音字母 + y 结尾直接加 -s:boys、days、keys;辅音字母 + y 结尾才变 y 为 i 加 -es:cities、countries、studies、universities。注意 university 虽然以 u 开头,但读音是 /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/,首音素是辅音 /j/,所以前面用 a university。

三、语法辨析 · However 与 But

WHY 44 = HOWEVER · 连接副词 vs 并列连词
原句第 44 空所在句However
定位He died in 1616. However, his works still continue to encourage audiences worldwide.
解析前一句是完整的句子,以句号结束;空处另起一句,后面紧跟逗号,再接另一个完整的句子。句号 + 句首 + 逗号这三个信号同时出现,说明空处只能是“起连接作用的副词”However,而不是“能连接分句的连词”But。若要用 But,原句必须改写成一个句子:He died in 1616, but his works still continue to encourage audiences worldwide.(句号变逗号,but 后面不加逗号)。
However连接副词 adv.
词性副词(conjunctive adverb),起连接作用,但本身不是连词。
用法① 不能直接连接两个分句,前后要用句号或分号隔开:A. However, B. 或 A; however, B.;② 放句首时后面常加逗号;③ 位置灵活,句首(However, …)、句中(…, however, …)、句尾(…, however.)都可以。
例句He died in 1616. However, his works still live on. 他于 1616 年去世。然而,他的作品依然流传。/ The task was hard; however, we finished it. 这个任务很难;不过我们完成了。
But并列连词 conj.
词性并列连词(coordinating conjunction),与 and / or / so / for / yet 同类。
用法① 直接连接两个并列成分或两个分句,位置固定在两者中间;② 前面通常有逗号(A, but B.),但 but 后面不加逗号;③ 不能单独放在句首引导一个独立句子(口语中偶见,书面语不规范),也不能像副词那样在句中、句尾自由移动。
例句He is old, but he works hard. 他年纪大了,但工作很努力。/ It is cheap but useful. 它便宜但很实用。
对比一张表看懂
对比项Howeverbut
词性连接副词 adv.并列连词 conj.
能否连接两个分句不能直接连,必须断开:A. However, B.能,直接连:A, but B.
标点前面用句号或分号,后面常有逗号前面常有逗号,后面不加逗号
位置句首 / 句中 / 句尾都可以只能放两个分句中间
本文 44 空✓ 空前是句号、空后有逗号 → 填 However✗ 若用 but,原句须改成 He died in 1616, but his works …(后面不加逗号)
口诀看标点选词:“句号 + 句首 + 逗号”选 However;“逗号 + 直接接分句”选 but。本句是前者,所以 44 空填 However。补充:however 还有“无论怎么”的意思,可引导让步状语从句,如 However hard he tried, he failed.(无论他多努力,他仍失败了。)

四、文章精读

INTENSIVE READING · 词性套色 + 从句划线

精读说明:按《词性标注配色规则》套色——绿=谓语动词,绿底=不定式,墨绿+灰底=动名词,玫红=形容词/形容词性物主代词,玫红+粉底=分词,蓝=副词,紫=介词,橙=连词,橙底=that 类引导词,蓝底=wh- 类引导词,红=疑问词,深灰=冠词/代词/名词;句子下的橙色下划线=that 类从句,蓝色下划线=wh- 类从句。每句末尾的小喇叭可单独朗读该句,点击生词可查词典。

配色速查 谓语动词 不定式 动名词 形容词/物主代词 分词 副词 介词 连词 that 类引导词 wh- 类引导词 疑问词 冠词/代词/名词

划线说明:本篇没有 that / which / who 或 what / when / where / why 引导的从句,所以正文中没有橙线或蓝线。唯一需要注意的地方在最后一段最后一句:His works have shaped the way stories are told and understood. 这里的 stories are told and understood 是修饰 the way 的定语从句,但关系词 that / in which 被省略了,按规则省略关系词的定语从句不划线。同时提醒:被动语态、完成时里的过去分词都算谓语动词(绿色)——is considered / have been performed / are still performed / have shaped / are told / understood 都是绿色。

P1 · 莎翁其人

S1William Shakespeare is well-known as a famous English playwright and poet.威廉·莎士比亚作为一位著名的英国剧作家和诗人而闻名。

S2Born in 1564 in England, Shakespeare is considered one of the greatest dramatists of all time.1564 年生于英格兰,莎士比亚被认为是历史上最伟大的剧作家之一。

S3His plays have been performed more times than those of any other dramatist.他的剧本上演的次数比任何其他剧作家都多。

S4This, undoubtedly, makes him one of the greatest minds.这无疑使他成为最伟大的智者之一。

P2 · 作品主题

S1Shakespeare’s works explore human nature and the truth of social problems through his plays.莎士比亚的作品通过他的戏剧探讨人性以及社会问题的真相。

S2Some of his most famous works, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, still remain powerful even today.他最著名的一些作品,如《哈姆雷特》《奥赛罗》《李尔王》和《麦克白》,至今依然充满力量。

P3 · 求学从艺

S1Shakespeare left school at the age of 14.莎士比亚 14 岁离开学校。

S2Then, he made a decision to find a career in acting.然后,他决定在演艺界谋求一份事业。

S3In 1592, he moved to London and joined a theatre company.1592 年,他搬到伦敦并加入了一家剧团。

P4 · 事业转折

S1It was a turning point for him.这对他来说是一个转折点。

S2He quickly rose to become a successful actor and began writing his own plays.他很快成长为一位成功的演员,并开始创作自己的剧本。

S3Altogether, Shakespeare wrote about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and several long and short poems.他总共写了大约 38 部剧本、154 首十四行诗,以及若干长短诗。

S4He died in 1616.他于 1616 年去世。

S5However, his works still continue to encourage audiences worldwide.然而,他的作品仍在激励着全世界的观众。

P5 · 影响至今

S1Today, Shakespeare’s plays are still performed in English and many other languages, especially in different universities around the world.如今,莎士比亚的戏剧仍用英语和许多其他语言上演,尤其是在世界各地不同的大学里。

S2His works have shaped the way stories are told and understood.他的作品塑造了故事被讲述与理解的方式。

五、作文金句仿写

WRITING · 用本文句型写出自己的句子
金句 1William Shakespeare is well-known as a famous English playwright and poet.
框架:William Shakespeare / Yuan Longping / Tu Youyou is well-known as a famous English playwright and poet / a great scientist / a great woman scientist.
仿写:Yuan Longping is well-known as a great scientist.
袁隆平作为一位伟大的科学家而闻名。
适用:介绍人物作文的第一句。be well-known as + 身份/职业,一句话点明“他是谁、因什么身份而出名”。
金句 2Shakespeare is considered one of the greatest dramatists of all time.
框架:Shakespeare / Yuan Longping / Leonardo da Vinci is considered one of the greatest dramatists / scientists / artists of all time.
仿写:Yuan Longping is considered one of the greatest scientists of all time.
袁隆平被认为是历史上最伟大的科学家之一。
适用:评价人物的地位。be considered one of the greatest + 复数名词 + of all time,比单纯说 He is great 书面得多,注意 one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词与被动语态 is considered。
金句 3This, undoubtedly, makes him one of the greatest minds.
框架:This, undoubtedly, makes him / her / them one of the greatest minds / thinkers / writers.
仿写:This, undoubtedly, makes her one of the greatest writers.
这无疑使她成为最伟大的作家之一。
适用:在列举人物的成就之后作总结,用插入语 undoubtedly 加强语气;插入语前后要用逗号隔开,主语第三人称单数时谓语用 makes / made。
金句 4His works have shaped the way stories are told and understood.
框架:His works / The Internet / His inventions have shaped the way stories are told and understood / we live and work / people learn.
仿写:The Internet has shaped the way we live and work.
互联网改变了我们生活和工作的方式。
适用:写“影响/改变”。the way + 句子:the way 后是省略了 that / in which 的定语从句,从句用陈述语序,不要写成 the way how …。

仿写建议:先把框架里的灰色 slot 换成自己的内容,再读一遍检查——① 被动语态 be + 过去分词有没有写对(is considered / are told);② 系动词后是不是形容词(remain powerful);③ the way 后的从句有没有用陈述语序。

六、语法精讲精练

GRAMMAR · 本文 6 个必考语法点 + 综合小测 8 题

1. 被动语态(be + 过去分词)

PASSIVE VOICE · BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
主语是动作的承受者时用被动语态:一般现在时 is / am / are + done,一般过去时 was / were + done,现在完成时 have / has been + done,情态动词 can be done。动作的执行者用 by 引出,不重要时可省略。判断三步:① 主语是“做”还是“被做”;② 句子的时态;③ be 动词与主语的人称和数是否一致。
①Shakespeare is considered one of the greatest dramatists of all time.
莎士比亚被认为是历史上最伟大的剧作家之一。(一般现在时被动:is + considered)
②His plays have been performed more times than those of any other dramatist.
他的剧本上演的次数比任何其他剧作家都多。(现在完成时被动:have been + performed)
③Today, Shakespeare’s plays are still performed in English and many other languages.
如今,莎士比亚的戏剧仍用英语和许多其他语言上演。(复数主语用 are;副词 still 插在 are 与 performed 之间)

即时练习

①Shakespeare ____ (consider) one of the greatest minds.
②His plays ____ (perform) all over the world today.
③Hamlet ____ (write) by Shakespeare.
查看答案与解析

① is considered:主语 Shakespeare 是“被认为”的对象,用被动语态;陈述客观事实,一般现在时,主语单数用 is,consider 的过去分词是 considered。注意 consider 不是规则的双写辅音,过去分词直接加 -ed。
② are performed:主语 His plays 是复数,today 表明说现在的情况,用一般现在时被动 are + performed。
③ was written:by Shakespeare 明确引出动作执行者,主语 Hamlet 是单数,写剧本是过去发生的一次性动作,用一般过去时被动 was + written(write 的过去分词是 written)。

2. 词性转换(判断成分,再定词性)

WORD FORMATION · WHAT PART OF SPEECH
词性转换题的做法只有一句话:先看空格在句中作什么成分。作状语修饰动词或整句 → 副词;作表语(系动词后)→ 形容词;作主语/宾语/介词宾语、或前面有 the、后面有 of → 名词;修饰名词 → 形容词或分词。本文四个词性转换题正好各占一种:doubt → undoubtedly(状语)、true → truth(名词,the … of 结构)、power → powerful(remain 后的表语)、turn → turning(修饰 point 的定语)。
①This, undoubtedly, makes him one of the greatest minds.
这无疑使他成为最伟大的智者之一。(插在主语与谓语之间作状语,必须用副词)
②Shakespeare’s works explore human nature and the truth of social problems.
莎士比亚的作品探讨人性以及社会问题的真相。(the … of … 中间用名词)
③Some of his most famous works … still remain powerful even today.
他最著名的一些作品……至今依然充满力量。(系动词 remain 后用形容词)

即时练习

①____ (doubt), he is the best.
②Tell me the ____ (true).
③The soup is very ____ (taste).
④It was a ____ (surprise) result.
查看答案与解析

① Undoubtedly:空后有逗号,修饰整个句子,要用副词,且位于句首首字母大写。
② truth:空前有定冠词 the,作 tell 的宾语,用名词 truth(真相)。
③ tasty:is 是系动词,后面要用形容词作表语,taste 的名词/动词形式不能作表语,其形容词是 tasty(美味的)。
④ surprising:修饰名词 result 要用形容词;surprising 表示“令人惊讶的”(修饰物),surprised 表示“感到惊讶的”(修饰人),此处 result 是物,用 surprising。

3. 系动词 + 形容词(remain / become)

LINKING VERBS + ADJECTIVES
be、become、remain、feel、look、sound、taste、smell、seem、stay、grow、turn 等是系动词,后面要接形容词作表语,不能用副词。特别提醒:become 后面也可以接名词短语,接名词时要注意可数名词单数前要加冠词——本文 become a successful actor 就是名词短语,而 remain powerful 是形容词表语。
①Some of his most famous works … still remain powerful even today.
他最著名的一些作品……至今依然充满力量。(remain + 形容词)
②He quickly rose to become a successful actor and began writing his own plays.
他很快成长为一位成功的演员,并开始创作自己的剧本。(become + 名词短语,成功形容词成功修饰 actor)
③The music sounds beautiful.
这音乐听起来很美。(sound + 形容词,不能说 sounds beautifully)

即时练习

①The weather remains ____ (change).
②He became ____ (success) at last.
③The music sounds ____ (beauty).
查看答案与解析

① changeable:remain 是系动词,后面接形容词;change 的形容词是 changeable(多变的)。
② successful:become 后接形容词作表语,success 是名词,其形容词是 successful。
③ beautiful:sound 是系动词,后面接形容词,beauty 是名词,其形容词是 beautiful。记住口诀:系动词后形容词,动词后接副词。

4. 不定式与动名词(作定语、宾语、主语)

INFINITIVE & GERUND
① make a decision / a plan / an effort / a promise to do sth.——不定式作定语,说明“决定/计划/努力”的具体内容;② a turning point / a swimming pool / a reading room——用 -ing 修饰名词,表示用途或功能;③ 介词后用动名词:in acting、be good at writing、be interested in reading;④ begin / start / like / love 后既可接 to do 也可接 doing,意思基本相同:began writing=began to write。
①Then, he made a decision to find a career in acting.
然后,他决定在演艺界谋求一份事业。(不定式作 decision 的定语,in acting 中介词 in 后用动名词)
②It was a turning point for him.
这对他来说是一个转折点。(现在分词 turning 作定语修饰 point)
③He quickly rose to become a successful actor and began writing his own plays.
他很快成长为一位成功的演员,并开始创作自己的剧本。(begin doing sth.)

即时练习

①He made a plan ____ (travel) to Beijing.
②She is in the ____ (read) room.
③He is good at ____ (write).
查看答案与解析

① to travel:make a plan to do sth.,不定式作 plan 的定语,表示计划的内容。
② reading:reading room 是固定表达“阅览室”,用动名词修饰名词表用途,不能说 read room。
③ writing:be good at 中 at 是介词,介词后必须用动名词 writing。同类还有 be interested in doing、look forward to doing(这里的 to 是介词)。

5. 冠词与名词复数

ARTICLES & PLURALS
① 可数名词单数泛指用 a / an,看的是读音不看字母:an hour、an honest boy、an old man;a university、a useful book、a European country。② different / many / several / a few / one of the 后面要用可数名词复数。③ 复数拼写:一般加 -s;以 s / x / ch / sh 结尾加 -es;辅音字母 + y 结尾变 y 为 i 再加 -es(university → universities、city → cities);元音字母 + y 结尾直接加 -s(boy → boys、day → days)。
①He quickly rose to become a successful actor.
他很快成长为一位成功的演员。(泛指“一位”,successful 首音素是辅音 /s/,用 a)
②… especially in different universities around the world.
……尤其是在世界各地不同的大学里。(different 后接复数,辅音字母 r + y → 变 y 为 i 加 -es)
③Altogether, Shakespeare wrote about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and several long and short poems.
他总共写了大约 38 部剧本、154 首十四行诗,以及若干长短诗。(数词和 several 后都用复数)

即时练习

①He is ____ honest boy.
②There are many ____ (city) in China.
③She is ____ university student.
④different ____ (country)
查看答案与解析

① an:honest 的 h 不发音,首音素是元音 /ɒ/,所以用 an。
② cities:many 后接可数名词复数;city 以“辅音字母 t + y”结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -es。
③ a:university 首音素是辅音 /j/,所以用 a,不用 an。
④ countries:different 后接复数,country 以“辅音字母 r + y”结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -es。

6. However 与 but(句首逗号是标志)

HOWEVER VS BUT
However 是连接副词,前后常用句号或分号隔开,放句首时后面加逗号:A. However, B.;but 是并列连词,直接连接两个分句:A, but B.(but 后面不加逗号)。选词看标点:“句号 + 句首 + 逗号”选 However,“逗号 + 直接接分句”选 but。另外 however 还可表示“无论多么”,引导让步状语从句:However hard he tried, he failed.
①He died in 1616. However, his works still continue to encourage audiences worldwide.
他于 1616 年去世。然而,他的作品仍在激励着全世界的观众。(句号 + 句首 + 逗号 → However)
②He is old, but he works hard.
他年纪大了,但工作很努力。(逗号直接把两个分句相连 → but,后面不加逗号)
③However hard he tried, he failed.
无论他多努力,他仍失败了。(however 引导让步状语从句,此时不能说 but hard he tried)

即时练习

①He is old. ____ , he is strong.
②He is old ____ he is strong.
③____ hard he tried, he failed.
查看答案与解析

① However:前面是句号,后面是逗号,用连接副词 However,且句首首字母大写。
② but:两个分句由一个逗号直接相连,中间缺连词,用并列连词 but,后面不加逗号。
③ However:后面紧跟形容词 hard 再接主谓,构成“无论多么……”的让步状语从句,用 However,注意首字母大写。若用 Although 则须写成 Although he tried hard, he failed.

综合小测(8 题)

1English ____ (speak) in many countries. A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke
2He is known ____ a great writer. A. as B. for C. to
3The story is really ____ (interest). A. interest B. interested C. interesting
4She made a decision ____ (study) abroad. A. study B. studying C. to study
5There are many ____ in the world. A. university B. universities C. universitys
6He is ____ honest man. A. a B. an C. the
7It was a ____ (turn) point in his life. A. turn B. turned C. turning
8He was tired. ____ , he kept working. A. But B. However C. Although
查看 8 题答案与解析

1. B English 是“被说”的对象,用被动语态;陈述一般事实,主语 English 是不可数名词视为单数,用 is spoken。A 项 speaks 是主动,C 项 spoke 是过去时,都与“many countries 说英语”这一客观事实不符。
2. A be known as =作为……而闻名(后接身份/职业);be known for =因……而闻名(后接原因/特点);be known to =为……所熟知(后接人)。空后 a great writer 是身份,所以用 as。
3. C is 是系动词,后面用形容词作表语;主语 The story 是物,用 interesting(令人感兴趣的)。B 项 interested 用于修饰人(人感到有兴趣),A 项 interest 是名词/动词。
4. C make a decision to do sth.,用不定式作 decision 的定语。A 项动词原形不能直接放在名词后,B 项 studying 不能作 decision 的定语。
5. B many 后接可数名词复数;university 以“辅音字母 r + y”结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -es → universities。A 项是单数,C 项拼写错误(不能直接加 -s)。
6. B honest 的 h 不发音,首音素是元音,用 an。A 项 a 用于辅音音素前,C 项 the 表示特指,此处泛指“一位诚实的男人”。
7. C a turning point 是固定表达“转折点”,用现在分词 turning 作定语修饰 point。A 项 turn 是动词/名词,不能直接修饰 point;B 项 turned 是过去分词,表被动,与句意不符。
8. B 前面是句号,空后是逗号,用连接副词 However。A 项 But 是并列连词,不能“句号 + But + 逗号”单独起句;C 项 Although 是连词,后面要接完整从句(Although he was tired, he kept working.),与本题标点不符。

一句话总结:语法填空先看括号里的提示词定词性——动词管时态、语态与非谓语,名词管单复数,形容词管是否变副词或比较等级;没有提示词就先想介词、冠词、代词、连词和引导词。填完把答案放回原文,语法和语义都通顺才算对。本文 10 空的答案串起来就是:is considered · undoubtedly · truth · powerful · at · to find · turning · a · However · universities。
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