READING A · 阅读理解 · 5 题

阅读理解精练 · Jane Goodall 简·古道尔

沪教牛津版九年级上册 Unit 1 Great people · 访谈类文本 · 定位词同色高亮 + 波浪线答案依据 + 逐题精析 + 文章精读

5 题 · 11-15名片信息栏 + 访谈定位词同色高亮答案依据波浪线代词指代专讲文章精读作文金句
图例 LEGEND sw-q1 · 第 11 题:famous for / in the wild sw-q2 · 第 12 题:my mother said / never give up sw-q3 · 第 13 题:the other scientists said / that sw-q4 · 第 14 题:most proud of / part of the animal kingdom sw-q5 · 第 15 题:laughed at me / never give up(人物品质) 题干定位词与原文同色高亮;波浪线 = 答案依据句;浅黄加粗 = Q 与原文的同义转换;红色删除线 = 错误选项的关键词。

一、文章

PASSAGE · 点击任意单词可查词典

名片 Name: Dame Jane Morris Goodall
Known for: Being the first to research chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in the wild
Important discoveries: Found that chimpanzees have feelings, use tools and eat meat
(Here is an interview with Jane Goodall.)

记者 1 Reporter: Hi Jane, when did you first know you wanted to work with animals?

Jane 1 Jane: I was ten when I decided to go to Africa and study wild animals. That’s about 70 years ago when girls in England didn’t have those opportunities. So everybody laughed at me. But my mother said, “If you really want something, you have to work hard, take advantage of every opportunity and never give up!”

记者 2 Reporter: Great advice! What’s been special about the work you’ve done?

Jane 2 Jane: I studied animals differently. The other scientists said I should number chimpanzees instead of naming them, and should not talk about their personalities, minds, or feelings. But luckily, I’d learned that was wrong from my dog as a child!

记者 3 Reporter: Sounds like having a childhood pet really helped you in your studies! What are you most proud of?

Jane 3 Jane: Helping people to understand we are part of the animal kingdom, not separate from it.

记者 4 Reporter: Any tips for the kids looking for a wild career like yours?

Jane 4 Jane: You’ve got to really, really want it! You could go to university and go straight into research, but there are also opportunities for volunteering or for working at zoos.

记者 5 Reporter: Thanks for the chimp chat, Jane!

二、题目精析

QUESTIONS · 定位词 → 原文依据 → 同义转换 → 选项对错原因
11

What was Jane Goodall famous for?

简·古道尔因什么而闻名?

细节理解 · 信息栏定位
定位名片栏第二行:Known for: Being the first to research chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in the wild(以“第一个到野外研究黑猩猩的人”闻名)。
同义转换题干 famous for(因……而闻名)↔ 原文 Known for;题干 studying ↔ 原文 research(研究);in the wild(在野外)原词复现,正是答案的关键限定语。
解析信息栏题要“先看栏目名,再看栏目内容”:Known for 这一行回答的就是“因何闻名”,核心动作是 being the first to research chimpanzees in the wild。做题时必须抓住 in the wild 这个限定语——研究地点在野外,这是她最独特的地方,也是区分 C 与 D 的关键。
答案C
ARaising chimpanzees with heart.用心饲养黑猩猩。✗ 【无中生有】原文是 research(研究)黑猩猩,并未提到 raising(饲养、养育);“用心饲养”是凭空加出来的情节。
BInventing tools for chimpanzees.为黑猩猩发明工具。✗ 【张冠李戴】原文名片栏说“Found that chimpanzees have feelings, use tools and eat meat”——会使用工具的是黑猩猩,不是她为黑猩猩发明工具。
CStudying chimpanzees in the wild.在野外研究黑猩猩。✓ Known for = famous for,research = study,in the wild 原词复现,与名片栏第二行完全对应。
DDiscovering chimpanzees in Africa.在非洲发现黑猩猩。✗ 【偷换概念】原文是 being the first to research(第一个去研究),不是 first to discover(第一个发现);research 与 discover 词义不同,且原文说 in the wild,并未说在 Africa。
12

What made Jane stick to her dream?

是什么让简坚持自己的梦想?

细节理解 · 因果关系
定位Jane 1 段末句:“If you really want something, you have to work hard, take advantage of every opportunity and never give up!”,其说话人提示为 But my mother said(后半句可见 But my mother said)。
同义转换原文 my mother said … never give up(母亲说……永不放弃)↔ 选项 Her mother’s encouragement(母亲的鼓励);题干 stick to her dream(坚持梦想)↔ 原句的 work hard / take advantage of every opportunity / never give up。
解析因果题要分清“起因”和“背景”。前面 everybody laughed at me(大家都笑我)是被嘲笑的处境,是转折的铺垫;But 之后的 my mother said … 才是她坚持下去的真正原因——母亲那段话正是“鼓励”。注意:母亲的话用的是引号直引,理解时要把它概括成 encouragement 而不是把它当成一句普通描述。
答案D
AThe love for Africa.对非洲的热爱。✗ 【以偏概全】去非洲是她十岁时的一个想法(I decided to go to Africa),不是她能够坚持七十年的原因;用一个小细节代替全文的因果链条。
BThe chances for girls.女孩们获得的机会。✗ 【与原文相反】原文说 when girls in England didn’t have those opportunities(当时英国女孩没有这些机会),机会恰恰是缺的,不是她坚持的原因。
CHer own advantage.她自身的优势。✗ 【望文生义/无中生有】原文的 take advantage of every opportunity 是“利用每一个机会”这一动词短语,不是名词“优势”;把它误读成“她自身的优势”,属于望文生义。
DHer mother’s encouragement.她母亲的鼓励。✓ 在她被所有人嘲笑时,是母亲那句“努力、抓住机会、永不放弃”给了她力量,正是母亲鼓励让她坚持梦想。
13

What does the underlined word “that” in the text refer to?

文中划线单词 that 指的是什么?

代词指代 · 上文指代
定位Jane 2 段:The other scientists said I should number chimpanzees instead of naming them, and should not talk about their personalities, minds, or feelings. But luckily, I’d learned that was wrong from my dog as a child!
同义转换that(那件事 / 那个看法)↔ 选项 The idea of other scientists(其他科学家的看法)。判断办法:把选项“代回原句”——I’d learned the idea of other scientists was wrong(我认识到其他科学家那套看法是错的)句子通顺、逻辑成立,说明指代正确。
解析指代题的“黄金三步”:①看位置——that 在本句(I’d learned that was wrong)中作主语,所指代的内容只能来自上文;②看单复数与性质——that 是单数,指代的是“一整件事、一整套看法”,而不是某个词或某个人;③看语义——上文整句讲的是 other scientists 的观点:黑猩猩应该编号而不该起名字、不该谈它们的个性 / 思想 / 情感。所以 that = 其他科学家的那套看法。C 项 naming animals、D 项 numbering chimpanzees 都只是这套看法里的一个细节,用局部代替整体,属于以偏概全;A 项 the direction of the study 在文中找不到任何依据。
答案B
AThe direction of the study.研究的方向。✗ 【无中生有】原文只说她研究动物的方式“different”,从未出现“研究方向(direction)”这样的说法,代人后也无法成立。
BThe idea of other scientists.其他科学家的看法。✓ that 是单数,指代上文“其他科学家说的那一整套观点”(该编号、不该起名、不该谈个性/思想/情感),即 other scientists 的看法。
CThe way of naming animals.给动物命名的方式。✗ 【以偏概全】naming them 只是那套观点中的一个细节(而且原文是她主张起名字、科学家反对),不能代表 that 所指的全部内容。
DThe plan of numbering chimpanzees.给黑猩猩编号的计划。✗ 【以偏概全】numbering chimpanzees 同样只是那套观点里的一个细节,范围太窄,盖不住“and should not talk about their personalities, minds, or feelings”这一半内容。
14

What is Jane most proud of?

简最自豪的是什么?

细节理解 · 同义转换
定位记者提问 What are you most proud of? → Jane 3 的回答:Helping people to understand we are part of the animal kingdom, not separate from it.(帮助人们明白我们属于动物界,而不是与之分离。)
同义转换原文 Helping people to understand we are part of the animal kingdom ↔ 选项 Showing humans are part of animals:helping people to understand = showing(让人明白=向人展示),humans = we(人类=我们),the animal kingdom = animals(动物界=动物)。
解析回答最自豪的事时,Jane 说的是“帮助人们认识到人类属于动物界”,重点在改变人们的认识,而不是“去帮助某只野生动物”。选项 C 完整覆盖了这个意思;B 把 abstract 的“观念”换成了具体的“帮助野生动物”,概念被偷换;A 说的是她学到知识的方式(童年养狗),不是最自豪的事。
答案C
AHaving a pet in childhood.童年时养过一只宠物。✗ 【张冠李戴】童年养狗是她“从狗身上学到 that was wrong”的途径,回答的是“什么让她与众不同”,而不是“最自豪的事”。
BHelping wild animals.帮助野生动物。✗ 【偷换概念】原文的宾语是 people(帮助人理解),understand 的内容是“人类属于动物界”;把它换成笼统的“帮助野生动物”,改变了原意。
CShowing humans are part of animals.表明人类是动物的一部分。✓ 与 Helping people to understand we are part of the animal kingdom, not separate from it 完全对应,是最自豪的事。
DWriting books about wild animals.写关于野生动物的书。✗ 【无中生有】全篇访谈里没有一处提到她写书,这个选项凭空出现,属于典型的无中生有。
15

Which of the following can best describe Jane?

下面哪一个词最能描述简?

推理判断 · 人物品质
定位Jane 1 段:everybody laughed at me(大家都笑我)与母亲那句 never give up!(永不放弃);Jane 4 段:You’ve got to really, really want it!(你必须真的、真的想要它!)
同义转换“everybody laughed at me 但她仍然去了非洲”、“never give up”、“really, really want it” ↔ 选项 Strong-willed(意志坚定的)。一个人在被所有人嘲笑之后仍然坚持七十年,最突出的品质就是意志坚定。
解析人物品质题要“用文中的行为推性格”,不能凭印象:行为一——十岁决定去非洲,被所有人嘲笑也没改变(everybody laughed at me);行为二——母亲说“never give up”,她用一生践行;行为三——给孩子的建议是“You’ve got to really, really want it”,强调的正是意志力。三个证据都指向同一个词:strong-willed。C 项 Humorous 虽然有 “Thanks for the chimp chat” 这样的轻松话语,但那只是记者的玩笑口吻,不能概括她最突出的品质。
答案D
AStrict.严格的。✗ 【无中生有】访谈里没有她对别人提出严格要求的内容,全文没有任何“严格”的行为证据。
BEasy-going.随和的。✗ 【无依据/与主旨相反】她的特点是“认准了就绝不放弃”,与随和、无所谓的态度相反;文中也没有“随和”的描写。
CHumorous.幽默的。✗ 【以偏概全】Thanks for the chimp chat 是记者的轻松收尾语,仅凭这一点就概括人物品质,证据太薄,也盖不住“被嘲笑仍坚持”的主线。
DStrong-willed.意志坚定的。✓ 被所有人嘲笑仍坚持去非洲研究动物,一生践行 never give up,并告诉孩子“you’ve got to really, really want it”,都说明她意志坚定。

三、文章精读

INTENSIVE READING · 词性套色 + 从句划线

精读说明:按《词性标注配色规则》套色——绿=谓语动词,绿底=不定式,墨绿+灰底=动名词,玫红=形容词/形容词性物主代词,玫红+粉底=分词,蓝=副词,紫=介词,橙=连词,橙底=that 类引导词,蓝底=wh- 类引导词,红=疑问词,深灰=冠词/代词/名词;句子下的橙色下划线=that 类从句,蓝色下划线=wh- 类从句。每句末尾的小喇叭可单独朗读该句,点击生词可查词典。

配色速查 谓语动词 不定式 动名词 形容词/物主代词 分词 副词 介词 连词 that 类引导词 wh- 类引导词 疑问词 冠词/代词/名词
名片 · 信息栏

S1Name: Dame Jane Morris Goodall.姓名:简·莫里斯·古道尔女爵士。(信息栏条目,末尾无标点,此处按句处理)

S2Known for: Being the first to research chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in the wild.因何闻名:第一个到野外研究黑猩猩的人。

S3Important discoveries: Found that chimpanzees have feelings, use tools and eat meat.重要发现:发现黑猩猩有情感、会使用工具、也吃肉。

S4(Here is an interview with Jane Goodall.)(下面是对简·古道尔的一次访谈。)

记者 1 · 何时立志

S1Reporter: Hi Jane, when did you first know you wanted to work with animals?记者:你好,简,你什么时候第一次知道自己想和动物打交道?

Jane 1 · 母亲鼓励

S1Jane: I was ten when I decided to go to Africa and study wild animals.简:我十岁的时候决定去非洲研究野生动物。

S2That’s about 70 years ago when girls in England didn’t have those opportunities.那是大约七十年前,当时英国的女孩子没有这样的机会。

S3So everybody laughed at me.所以大家都嘲笑我。

S4But my mother said, “If you really want something, you have to work hard, take advantage of every opportunity and never give up!”但我母亲说:“如果你真的想要什么,你就必须努力,抓住每一个机会,永不放弃!”

记者 2 · 追问工作

S1Reporter: Great advice! What’s been special about the work you’ve done?记者:好建议!你做的工作有什么特别之处?

Jane 2 · 坚持己见

S1Jane: I studied animals differently.简:我研究动物的方式不一样。

S2The other scientists said I should number chimpanzees instead of naming them, and should not talk about their personalities, minds, or feelings.其他科学家说,我应该给黑猩猩编号而不是给它们起名字,还不应该谈论它们的个性、思想和情感。

S3But luckily, I’d learned that was wrong from my dog as a child!但幸运的是,我小时候就从我的狗身上认识到,那(其他科学家的那套看法)是错的!

记者 3 · 最自豪的事

S1Reporter: Sounds like having a childhood pet really helped you in your studies!记者:听起来,童年时养过一只宠物真的在你的研究中帮到了你!

S2What are you most proud of?你最自豪的是什么?

Jane 3 · 人类属于动物界

S1Jane: Helping people to understand we are part of the animal kingdom, not separate from it.简:帮助人们明白,我们属于动物界,而不是与它分离。

记者 4 · 给孩子的建议

S1Reporter: Any tips for the kids looking for a wild career like yours?记者:对那些想找你这样一份野外工作的孩子,你有什么建议吗?

Jane 4 · 你真的想要吗

S1Jane: You’ve got to really, really want it!简:你必须真的、真的想要它!

S2You could go to university and go straight into research, but there are also opportunities for volunteering or for working at zoos.你可以上大学,然后直接进入研究工作,但也有去当志愿者或在动物园工作的机会。

记者 5 · 访谈收尾

S1Reporter: Thanks for the chimp chat, Jane!记者:谢谢你这次关于黑猩猩的聊天,简!

四、作文金句仿写

WRITING BOOST · 黑色为框架,灰色底纹为可替换词

把访谈里的好句子拆成“句型框架”,换上你自己的词,就能写出漂亮的句子。写“伟人 / 人物介绍”类作文时,这三个句式可以直接套用。

金句 1 I was ten when I decided to go to Africa and study wild animals.

I was ten / He was six / She was nine when I decided to go to Africa and study wild animals / he decided to learn the piano / she decided to become a writer.

仿写:She was nine when she decided to become a writer. 她九岁时就决定要当作家。

适用:写人物“早年立志”,用 was + 年龄 + when 从句,一句话交代时间与决心。注意 when 从句用一般过去时,与主句时态一致。

金句 2 Helping people to understand we are part of the animal kingdom, not separate from it.

Helping people to understand / Teaching children to see / Getting young people to know we are part of the animal kingdom, not separate from it / part of nature, not masters of it / responsible for our planet.

仿写:Teaching children to see we are part of nature, not masters of it. 教孩子们明白我们属于自然,而不是自然的主人。

适用:写“贡献与价值”,动名词开头作主语/表语,后面 understand 的宾语从句省略 that(省略 that 的从句不画线、不用逗号)。

金句 3 You’ve got to really, really want it!

You’ve got to / You have to / We must really, really want it / work hard / believe in yourself!

仿写:If you want to reach your dream, you’ve got to really, really work hard! 如果你想实现梦想,你就必须真的、真的努力!

适用:结尾鼓励、呼吁。have got to = have to(必须),口语化、语气强;重复 really 是口语中的强调手段,作文里用一次就很出彩。

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