READING B · 阅读理解 · 5 题

阅读理解精练 · 华佗 Hua Tuo

沪教牛津版九年级上册 Unit 1 Great people · 神医华佗 · 麻沸散 · 五禽戏 · 定位词同色高亮 + 答案依据波浪线 + 逐题解析 + 文章精读

5 题 · 16-20定位词高亮答案依据波浪线逐题解析文章精读作文金句
图例 LEGEND Q16 华佗的称号 Q17 华佗的发明 Q18 事件排序 Q19 prevent 词义 Q20 主旨主线 题干定位词与原文同色高亮；波浪线 = 答案依据句；黄底 = 题干与原文的同义转换处

一、文章

PASSAGE · 点击任意单词可查词典

P1 In ancient China, there was a famous doctor named Hua Tuo. He lived during the Three Kingdoms period. People called him the “miracle doctor” because he could cure many difficult diseases.

P2 One day, a soldier came to see Hua Tuo. The soldier had been wounded by an arrow in his arm. The arrowhead was stuck deep inside. Other doctors had tried to take it out, but the soldier felt great pain every time they touched it. The soldier was suffering day and night.

P3 Hua Tuo examined the wound carefully. Then he gave the soldier a cup of a special drink. It was a kind of anesthetic (麻醉药) that Hua Tuo had invented. He called it “ma fei san”. After drinking it, the soldier fell into a deep sleep and felt no pain at all. Hua Tuo then opened the wound and took out the arrowhead easily. When the soldier woke up, the pain was gone. The soldier was amazed and very grateful.

P4 This was the first time in history that a doctor had used anesthetic during an operation. Hua Tuo’s invention was hundreds of years earlier than the use of anesthetic in the West.

P5 Hua Tuo also invented a set of physical exercises called “Wu Qin Xi” (Five Animal Plays). He believed that moving like animals— the tiger, deer, bear, monkey and bird— could help people stay healthy and prevent diseases. These exercises are still practiced today.

P6 Unfortunately, many of Hua Tuo’s medical books were lost. But his spirit of invention and care for patients lives on. He is remembered as one of the greatest doctors in Chinese history.

原卷拼写说明：PDF 提取时 “Wu Qin Xi” 曾被拆成 “Wu Q in Xi”，正确写法为 Wu Qin Xi（五禽戏，即 Five Animal Plays）；本页已按正确拼写呈现。第 19 题题干中的画线词 “prevent” 位于第 5 段。

二、题目精析

QUESTIONS · 定位词 → 原文依据 → 选项对错原因
16

What was Hua Tuo known as?

华佗以什么称号闻名？

细节理解 · 称谓
定位P1 “People called him the “miracle doctor” because he could cure many difficult diseases.”
同义转换题干 was Hua Tuo known as（华佗被称为什么）↔ 原文 People called him the “miracle doctor”（人们称他为“神医”）。be known as 与 call sb. sth. 都表示“被称为……”。
解析题目问“华佗的称号”，第一段就直接给出答案：the “miracle doctor”（神医），because 后的 “could cure many difficult diseases”（能治愈许多疑难病症）正是这个称号的由来。做题时抓住 called him the … 这一“称谓标志词”，答案就在它后面。
答案B（The miracle doctor）
AThe animal doctor.动物医生。✗ 望文生义——因为 P5 有 Five Animal Plays（五禽戏）就臆造出一个“animal doctor”，原文从未这样称呼他。
BThe miracle doctor.神医。✓ 对应 P1 “People called him the ‘miracle doctor’”；called him the ↔ was known as，是同一意思的两种说法。
CThe soldier’s friend.士兵的朋友。✗ 偷换概念——士兵只是华佗救治的一名病人，文中既没说他们是朋友，也没把这当成称号。
DThe medicine king.药王。✗ 无中生有——全文没有 “medicine king” 这个说法，属于凭空编造的称号。
17

What did Hua Tuo invent to help the soldier?

华佗发明了什么来救治这名士兵？

细节理解 · 同义转换
定位P3 “Then he gave the soldier a cup of a special drink.” 与 “It was a kind of anesthetic (麻醉药) that Hua Tuo had invented.” —— 两句合起来就是答案。
同义转换题干 What did Hua Tuo invent to help the soldier ↔ 原文 he gave the soldier a cup of a special drink + a kind of anesthetic that Hua Tuo had invented；原文 a special drink / a kind of anesthetic ↔ 选项 an anesthetic drink（一杯麻醉药水），是对两处细节的合并概括。
解析题干有两个限定：① 是华佗“发明”的（that Hua Tuo had invented）；② 用来“救治这名士兵”。原文顺序是先给士兵喝下特制的药水（麻沸散 ma fei san），再开刀取出箭头。A、B 两项原文根本没出现；D 项虽然也是华佗的发明，却属于 P5 的五禽戏，为的是让人强身防病，与救治这名士兵无关。
答案C（An anesthetic drink）
AA special knife.一把特制的小刀。✗ 无中生有——原文只说 “opened the wound”，从头到尾没有提到任何特制的刀。
BA new kind of bandage.一种新式绷带。✗ 无中生有——全文没有 bandage（绷带）一词，是凭“伤口需要包扎”想出来的。
CAn anesthetic drink.一种麻醉药水。✓ 原文 a cup of a special drink = a kind of anesthetic that Hua Tuo had invented，即他发明的麻沸散。
DA set of exercises.一套健身操。✗ 张冠李戴——a set of exercises 是 P5 的五禽戏，题目问的是救治这名士兵时用的东西。
18

What is the correct order of the following events?
①　Hua Tuo gave the soldier a cup of “ma fei san”.
②　The soldier was wounded by an arrow.
③　Other doctors failed to remove the arrowhead.
④　Hua Tuo took out the arrowhead while the soldier was asleep.

下列事件的正确顺序是什么？① 华佗给士兵喝了一杯“麻沸散”。② 士兵被箭射伤。③ 其他医生没能取出箭头。④ 士兵睡着时，华佗取出了箭头。

细节理解 · 事件排序
定位P2 “The soldier had been wounded by an arrow in his arm.” → P2 “Other doctors had tried to take it out, but the soldier felt great pain every time they touched it.” → P3 “Then he gave the soldier a cup of a special drink.” → P3 “Hua Tuo then opened the wound and took out the arrowhead easily.”
顺序链时间标志词串起整条事件链：had been wounded（② 中箭受伤）→ had tried（③ 其他医生试过取箭头）→ gave（① 喝下麻沸散）→ then opened（④ 开刀取出箭头）。排序题的诀窍就是把这四个动词 / 动词短语按原文出现顺序连成一条链。
同义转换选项 ③ failed to remove the arrowhead ↔ 原文 had tried to take it out, but the soldier felt great pain（try 了但没成功 = failed）；选项 ④ while the soldier was asleep ↔ 原文 After drinking it, the soldier fell into a deep sleep + took out the arrowhead easily。另外 had been wounded / had tried 是过去完成时，表示它们发生在 gave 之前，这正是 ② ③ 必须排在 ① 前面的语法依据。
答案A（② → ③ → ① → ④）
A② → ③ → ① → ④中箭受伤 → 其他医生取不出 → 喝麻沸散 → 取出箭头✓ 与原文顺序完全一致：had been wounded → had tried → gave → then opened。
B① → ② → ③ → ④喝麻沸散 → 中箭受伤 → 其他医生取不出 → 取出箭头✗ 逻辑颠倒——还没有受伤（②）就先喝麻沸散（①），因果与时序都讲不通。
C② → ① → ③ → ④中箭受伤 → 喝麻沸散 → 其他医生取不出 → 取出箭头✗ 顺序错位——原文写 “Other doctors had tried to take it out” 在 “he gave the soldier a cup of a special drink” 之前，所以 ③ 必须排在 ① 前面。
D③ → ② → ① → ④其他医生取不出 → 中箭受伤 → 喝麻沸散 → 取出箭头✗ 因果倒置——没有先中箭受伤（②），就不可能有其他医生来取箭头（③），③ 不可能排在最前面。
19

What does the underlined word “prevent” in Paragraph 5 mean?

第 5 段中画线单词 “prevent” 是什么意思？

词义猜测 · 语境推断
定位P5 “could help people stay healthy and prevent diseases.” —— 画线词就在这一句里，与 stay healthy 并列。
同义转换画线词 prevent ↔ 选项 To stop something from happening（阻止某事发生）。语境线索：prevent 与 stay healthy（保持健康）由 and 并列，后面的宾语是 diseases（疾病）——让疾病“不发生”才叫预防。
解析词义猜测题用三步法：① 看搭配——prevent + diseases（疾病）；② 看并列——and 前面的 stay healthy 是“保持健康”，那么 and 后面的动作只能是“预防疾病”，意思同向；③ 代回检验——把 To stop something from happening 代进原句：“可以帮助人们保持健康、阻止疾病发生”，句子通顺。据此选 A。
答案A（To stop something from happening）
ATo stop something from happening.阻止某事发生。✓ 预防疾病就是阻止疾病发生，与并列成分 stay healthy（保持健康）意思同向。
BTo make something worse.使某事变得更糟。✗ 与语境相反——prevent diseases 是让疾病不要发生，绝不是“使疾病更糟”。
CTo discover something new.发现新东西。✗ 偷换概念——discover（发现）表示找到已经存在的东西，与“预防”毫无关系。
DTo treat a disease.治疗疾病。✗ 混淆近义——treat 是“已经生病去治”，prevent 是“还没生病先防”，两者一前一后，不能互换。
20

What does the story of Hua Tuo mainly tell us?

华佗的故事主要告诉我们什么？

主旨大意 · 概括
定位主旨看全文主线：P1 “In ancient China, there was a famous doctor named Hua Tuo.”；P3 他发明麻沸散 ma fei san 并用于手术；P4 “Hua Tuo’s invention was hundreds of years earlier than the use of anesthetic in the West.”；P5 “Hua Tuo also invented a set of physical exercises called “Wu Qin Xi”.”；P6 “He is remembered as one of the greatest doctors in Chinese history.”
同义转换题干 mainly tell us ↔ 全文三件事合起来：麻沸散（比西方早数百年的麻醉药）+ 五禽戏（一套健身操）+ 医书（medical books）→ 选项 The ancient Chinese achievements in medicine（中国古代的医学成就）。
解析主旨题要抓“贯穿全文的主线”，不能被个别细节牵走。全文从“古代中国名医”写起，写他的麻醉药发明、五禽戏创编、医书失传，最后总结他是中国历史上最伟大的医生之一——所有内容都落在“中国古代医学成就”上。A 项只对应 P5 一段（五禽戏），B 项只对应 P2、P3 一件具体的事，两项都是以偏概全；D 项把主角换成了士兵，属于偏题。
答案C（The ancient Chinese achievements in medicine）
AThe importance of exercise for health.运动对健康的重要性。✗ 以偏概全——运动（五禽戏）只是 P5 一段的内容，概括不了麻醉药与医书。
BHow to treat arrow wounds.如何治疗箭伤。✗ 以偏概全——这只是 P2、P3 讲的一件具体病例，不是全文主旨。
CThe ancient Chinese achievements in medicine.中国古代的医学成就。✓ 麻醉药（比西方早数百年）、五禽戏、医书合起来，正是古代中国在医学上的成就。
DThe life of soldiers in the Three Kingdoms period.三国时期士兵的生活。✗ 偏题（张冠李戴）——文章主角是名医华佗，士兵只是他众多病人中的一个，全篇并没有写士兵的生活。

三、文章精读

INTENSIVE READING · 词性套色 + 从句划线

精读说明：按《词性标注配色规则》套色——绿=谓语动词，绿底=不定式，墨绿+灰底=动名词，玫红=形容词/形容词性物主代词，玫红+粉底=分词，蓝=副词，紫=介词，橙=连词，橙底=that 类引导词，蓝底=wh- 类引导词，红=疑问词，深灰=冠词/代词/名词；句子下的橙色下划线=that 类从句，蓝色下划线=wh- 类从句。每句末尾的小喇叭可单独朗读该句，点击生词可查词典。

配色速查 谓语动词 不定式 动名词 形容词/物主代词 分词 副词 介词 连词 that 类引导词 wh- 类引导词 疑问词 冠词/代词/名词
P1 · 神医华佗

S1In ancient China, there was a famous doctor named Hua Tuo.在古代中国，有一位名叫华佗的名医。

S2He lived during the Three Kingdoms period.他生活在三国时期。

S3People called him the “miracle doctor” because he could cure many difficult diseases.人们称他为“神医”，因为他能治愈许多疑难病症。

P2 · 士兵中箭

S1One day, a soldier came to see Hua Tuo.一天，一名士兵来找华佗看病。

S2The soldier had been wounded by an arrow in his arm.这名士兵的手臂被箭射伤了。

S3The arrowhead was stuck deep inside.箭头深深地扎在里面。

S4Other doctors had tried to take it out, but the soldier felt great pain every time they touched it.其他医生曾试图把它取出来，但每次他们碰到它，士兵都感到剧痛。

S5The soldier was suffering day and night.这名士兵日夜都在受苦。

P3 · 麻醉取箭

S1Hua Tuo examined the wound carefully.华佗仔细检查了伤口。

S2Then he gave the soldier a cup of a special drink.然后他给士兵喝了一杯特制的药水。

S3It was a kind of anesthetic (麻醉药) that Hua Tuo had invented.那是一种华佗发明的麻醉药。

S4He called it “ma fei san”.他把它叫做“麻沸散”。

S5After drinking it, the soldier fell into a deep sleep and felt no pain at all.喝下之后，士兵陷入了沉睡，一点也不觉得疼。

S6Hua Tuo then opened the wound and took out the arrowhead easily.华佗随即切开伤口，轻松地取出了箭头。

S7When the soldier woke up, the pain was gone.当士兵醒来时，疼痛已经消失了。

S8The soldier was amazed and very grateful.这名士兵又惊讶又感激。

P4 · 领先西方

S1This was the first time in history that a doctor had used anesthetic during an operation.这是历史上第一次有医生在手术中使用麻醉药。

S2Hua Tuo’s invention was hundreds of years earlier than the use of anesthetic in the West.华佗的发明比西方使用麻醉药早了数百年。

P5 · 创编五禽

S1Hua Tuo also invented a set of physical exercises called “Wu Qin Xi” (Five Animal Plays).华佗还创编了一套叫做“五禽戏”的健身操。

S2He believed that moving like animals— the tiger, deer, bear, monkey and bird— could help people stay healthy and prevent diseases.他认为像动物那样活动——虎、鹿、熊、猴和鸟——能帮助人们保持健康、预防疾病。

S3These exercises are still practiced today.这些健身操至今仍有人在练习。

P6 · 名垂青史

S1Unfortunately, many of Hua Tuo’s medical books were lost.不幸的是，华佗的许多医书都失传了。

S2But his spirit of invention and care for patients lives on.但他发明创造的精神和对病人的关怀流传至今。

S3He is remembered as one of the greatest doctors in Chinese history.他被铭记为中国历史上最伟大的医生之一。

四、作文金句仿写

WRITING BOOST · 黑色为框架，灰色底纹为可替换词

把文中的好句子拆成“句型框架”，换上你自己的词，就能写出漂亮的句子。

金句 1 People called him the “miracle doctor” because he could cure many difficult diseases.

People called him / regarded him as / described him as the “miracle doctor” / a great teacher / a hero because he could cure many difficult diseases / because he helped many poor students / because he saved many lives.

仿写：People called him a hero because he saved many lives. 人们称他为英雄，因为他挽救了许多生命。

适用：介绍人物时说明“称号 + 原因”（call sb. sth. + because 原因状语从句）。

金句 2 This was the first time in history that a doctor had used anesthetic during an operation.

This was the first time in history that a doctor had used anesthetic during an operation / scientists had sent a man into space / our class had won the first prize.

仿写：This was the first time in history that scientists had sent a man into space. 这是历史上科学家第一次把人类送入太空。

适用：强调“开创性、史无前例”（This was the first time in history that + 主语 + had done，从句用过去完成时）。

金句 3 He is remembered as one of the greatest doctors in Chinese history.

He / She / Yuan Longping is remembered / is regarded / is honoured as one of the greatest doctors / most important writers / best teachers in Chinese history / modern China / our school.

仿写：She is remembered as one of the best teachers in our school. 她被誉为我校最优秀的老师之一。

适用：作文结尾评价人物（be remembered as one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 + in ...）。

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