READING C · 阅读理解 C · 5 题

阅读理解 C 精练 · Who do you admire? 你崇拜谁

沪教牛津版九年级上册 Unit 1 Great people · 调查报告（survey report）· 定位原文 + 逐题解析 + 词性套色精读 + 作文金句

21-25 共 5 题调查报告 Survey同色高亮定位正向细节题（24 题）文章精读作文金句
图例 LEGEND 21 题定位（蓝） 22 题定位（绿） 23 题定位（橙） 24 题定位（紫） 25 题定位（青） 同义替换处 题干词与原文依据同色高亮；波浪线 = 该题答案依据句；黄色高亮 = 同义替换处。点击生词可查词典，句末小喇叭可朗读该句。

一、文章

PASSAGE · Who do you admire? A survey report（21-25）

调查报告类文本的行文套路：抛出问题（Who do you admire?）→ 摆出数据与今昔对比（65% … in the past / today）→ 分析原因（the pandemic / the growing attention on science）→ 提出提醒与观点（admiration should not be blind / not perfection, but courage）。做细节题时先按题干关键词回到这一步一步的“骨架”上定位。

P1 Who do you admire? A recent survey of 2,000 Chinese teenagers asked this question. The results might surprise you.

P2 In the past, most young people said they admired pop stars, actors, or rich businesspeople. However, things have changed over the past few years. Today’s teenagers are more likely to admire scientists, doctors, and teachers. About 65% of them said they look up to people who have made real contributions to society.

P3 Why has this happened? Experts believe that the pandemic played a big role. When people were in trouble, it was not pop stars but doctors and nurses who risked their lives to save others. It was very brave of these medical workers to work day and night, often without enough rest. Young people saw this and their ideas about heroes changed.

P4 Another reason is the growing attention on science and technology in China. Stories of scientists like Zhong Nanshan and Yuan Longping are now taught more widely in schools. It is inspiring for young people to learn about these scientists’ dedication. What’s more, the government has also encouraged young people to see scientists as their role models.

P5 However, experts also warn that admiration should not be blind. It is important for teenagers to understand that even heroes have weaknesses. What makes a person admirable is not perfection, but the courage to keep going when things get hard.

二、题目精析

QUESTIONS 21-25 · 定位 + 同义转换 + 选项病因
21
What question did the survey ask 2,000 teenagers?
这项调查向 2,000 名青少年提出了什么问题？
细节理解 · 首句定位
定位题干关键词 the survey asked 2,000 teenagers（调查问了 2,000 名青少年）→ 依据在 P1 首句“Who do you admire? A recent survey of 2,000 Chinese teenagers asked this question.”
同义转换A recent survey of 2,000 Chinese teenagers asked this question ≈ the survey asked 2,000 teenagers；被问的那个问题就是首句 Who do you admire?
解析首句先提问题，第二句紧接着说“一项针对 2,000 名中国青少年的最新调查提出了这个问题（asked this question）”——this question 指代的就是 Who do you admire?。所以“调查问的问题”＝“你崇拜谁”。三个干扰项里的 want to be、like pop stars、best scientist 在文中都没有对应的原句。
答案B．Who do you admire?
AWhat do you want to be?你想成为什么？✗ 无中生有——全文没有出现 want to be 或任何“职业理想”的问题，这是拿生活常识编出来的选项。
BWho do you admire?你崇拜谁？ ✓✓ 正确——正是 P1 首句原文，也就是调查所提的那个问题（asked this question）。
CDo you like pop stars?你喜欢流行歌星吗？✗ 无中生有——pop stars 只是“过去被崇拜的对象”之一（P2），文中从未把它当作调查的问题。
DWho is the best scientist?谁是最棒的科学家？✗ 无中生有——科学家是被崇拜的一类人，但文中没有任何“评出最佳科学家”的提问。
22
What has changed in the past few years according to the survey?
根据这项调查，过去几年里发生了什么变化？
细节理解 · 今昔对比
定位题干关键词 has changed in the past few years → 依据在 P2“In the past, most young people said they admired pop stars, actors, or rich businesspeople. However, things have changed over the past few years. Today’s teenagers are more likely to admire scientists, doctors, and teachers.”
同义转换题干 what has changed → 原文 things have changed；选项 More teenagers admire scientists and doctors ≈ 原文 Today’s teenagers are more likely to admire scientists, doctors, and teachers（are more likely to = 更多青少年；句中的 doctors 正是选项的 doctors）。
解析“变化”是今昔对照：过去（In the past）多数年轻人崇拜 pop stars, actors, or rich businesspeople；现在（Today）青少年 更可能崇拜科学家、医生和教师。C 准确地概括了“崇拜对象由娱乐明星转向科学家、医生”。A 说“喜欢教师的人更少”与原文相反；B 说“流行歌星更受欢迎”也与“已发生变化”相反；D 的 no longer … anyone 把“换了一类人”说成“谁都不崇拜”，属绝对化。
答案C．More teenagers admire scientists and doctors.
AFewer teenagers like teachers.喜欢教师的青少年更少了。✗ 与原文相反——teachers 明明与 scientists、doctors 并列在“are more likely to admire”之后，是被崇拜的对象，不可能“更少”。
BPop stars have become more popular.流行歌星变得更受欢迎了。✗ 与原文相反（张冠李戴）——pop stars 是 In the past 那一句里的对象，而现在“things have changed”，受欢迎程度是下降而非上升。
CMore teenagers admire scientists and doctors.更多青少年崇拜科学家和医生。 ✓✓ 正确——是“Today’s teenagers are more likely to admire scientists, doctors, and teachers”的同义概括，准确反映今昔变化。
DYoung people no longer admire anyone.年轻人不再崇拜任何人。✗ 绝对化——原文是换了一类崇拜对象（科学家、医生、教师），并非“谁都不崇拜”；no longer … anyone 把范围夸大到极端。
23
According to the passage, why did teenagers’ heroes change?
根据文章，青少年的英雄为什么发生了变化？
细节理解 · 原因
定位题干关键词 why … heroes change → 依据在 P3：“Experts believe that the pandemic played a big role… it was not pop stars but doctors and nurses who risked their lives to save others. It was very brave of these medical workers to work day and night…”
同义转换选项 showed great courage ≈ 原文 risked their lives（冒生命危险）+ It was very brave of these medical workers（这些医护人员非常勇敢）；题干 during the pandemic → 原文 the pandemic played a big role。
解析原因段给了两条：① the pandemic played a big role（疫情起了很大作用）；② 疫情期间 冒着生命危险救人的是医生和护士，他们 day and night 工作、常常休息不足，非常勇敢。C 把“疫情 + 医护人员很勇敢”两处合起来，正是原因。A“歌星不再做音乐”文中无据；B 属曲解原文——P4 只说 government encouraged young people to see scientists as their role models（鼓励），并非“规定谁该崇拜谁”；D“科学家比歌星更富有”也是无中生有。
答案C．Doctors and nurses showed great courage during the pandemic.
APop stars stopped making music.流行歌星不再做音乐了。✗ 无中生有——全文对歌星只有“过去被崇拜”这一处描述，从未提到他们停产、停唱。
BThe government told teenagers who to admire.政府告诉青少年该崇拜谁。✗ 曲解原文——P4 原文是 the government has also encouraged young people to see scientists as their role models（鼓励、引导），说成“规定／命令”就偷换了程度。
CDoctors and nurses showed great courage during the pandemic.疫情期间医生和护士表现出巨大的勇气。 ✓✓ 正确——与原文“the pandemic played a big role”“who risked their lives to save others”“It was very brave of these medical workers”完全吻合。
DScientists became richer than pop stars.科学家变得比流行歌星更富有。✗ 无中生有——文中没有任何关于收入、贫富比较的信息；rich 只出现在“rich businesspeople（过去被崇拜的对象）”里。
24
Which of the following is mentioned as a reason for the change?
下面哪一项被文中提到，作为（这种）变化的原因？
细节理解 · 论据辨识（正向细节题）
定位注意：本题是正向细节题（问“哪一项被提到”，不是“哪一项没有提到”的选非题），只要能在原文找到依据即可。题干关键词 a reason for the change → 依据在 P4 首句“Another reason is the growing attention on science and technology in China.”以及紧随其后的论据 “…are now taught more widely in schools”。
同义转换选项 Schools now teach more stories about scientists ≈ 原文 Stories of scientists like Zhong Nanshan and Yuan Longping are now taught more widely in schools（被动 → 主动：are taught more widely in schools = schools now teach more；more widely = 更多、更广）。
解析P3 给出第一个原因（the pandemic），P4 用 Another reason is… 明确给出第二个原因：对科学技术的关注日益增长，其具体表现就是“科学家的故事现在在学校被更广泛地讲授”。A 正是这条论据的同义转述。B“不看电视”、C“歌星太老”、D“科学家挣得更多”三项在文中都没有任何文字依据——全文没有出现 TV、age、money/earn 这些信息，都是无中生有编出来的理由，不能选。
答案A．Schools now teach more stories about scientists.
ASchools now teach more stories about scientists.学校现在讲授更多关于科学家的故事。 ✓✓ 正确——是 P4“Stories of scientists like Zhong Nanshan and Yuan Longping are now taught more widely in schools”的同义转述，也正对应“Another reason is…”。
BYoung people don’t watch TV anymore.年轻人不再看电视了。✗ 无中生有——全文没有一个词提到电视（TV／television），这条理由纯属凭空编造。
CPop stars are too old for teenagers to like.流行歌星年纪太大，青少年不喜欢了。✗ 无中生有——文中从未涉及歌星的年龄，也没有“因为年龄而不喜欢”的因果关系。
DScientists now earn more money.科学家现在挣得更多了。✗ 无中生有——收入（earn more money）在文中毫无依据；把“崇拜科学家”归因于“钱多”，也与文章“real contributions／dedication”的价值取向相反。
25
What does the writer think makes a person admirable?
作者认为什么让一个人令人钦佩？
细节理解 · 观点态度
定位题干关键词 the writer think … makes a person admirable → 依据在 P5 末句“What makes a person admirable is not perfection, but the courage to keep going when things get hard.”
同义转换题干 What does the writer think makes a person admirable ↔ 原文 What makes a person admirable is …（主语从句原句照应）；选项 Having the courage to keep going when things get hard ≈ 原文 the courage to keep going when things get hard。
解析作者的观点用 not … but … 亮出来：令人钦佩的不是完美（not perfection），而是（but）“在事情变得艰难时坚持下去的勇气”。上一句的 even heroes have weaknesses（连英雄也有弱点）进一步否定了“完美”。A 与 not perfection 相反；B 的 rich and famous 是文章开头“过去被崇拜的对象”，作者并未把它当作令人钦佩的标准，属偷换概念；C 的 no … at all 与“even heroes have weaknesses”直接冲突，属绝对化。
答案D．Having the courage to keep going when things get hard.
ABeing perfect in every way.在各方面都完美。✗ 与原文相反——原文明确说“not perfection”（不是完美），A 恰好是被否定的那一项。
BBeing rich and famous.富有又出名。✗ 偷换概念——rich businesspeople、pop stars 是 P2 中“过去”被崇拜的对象，作者从未把 rich and famous 当作令人钦佩的理由。
CHaving no weaknesses at all.完全没有弱点。✗ 绝对化——P5 说“even heroes have weaknesses”（连英雄都有弱点），C 与原文直接冲突。
DHaving the courage to keep going when things get hard.在事情变难时有坚持下去的勇气。 ✓✓ 正确——与 P5 末句“the courage to keep going when things get hard”逐词对应，是作者的核心观点。

三、文章精读

INTENSIVE READING · 词性套色 + 从句划线 + 逐句翻译

精读说明：按《词性标注配色规则》套色——绿=谓语动词，绿底=不定式，墨绿+灰底=动名词，玫红=形容词/形容词性物主代词，玫红+粉底=分词，蓝=副词，紫=介词，橙=连词，橙底=that 类引导词，蓝底=wh- 类引导词，红=疑问词，深灰=冠词/代词/名词；句子下的橙色下划线=that 类从句，蓝色下划线=wh- 类从句。每句末尾的小喇叭可单独朗读该句，点击生词可查词典。

配色速查 谓语动词 不定式 动名词 形容词/物主代词 分词 副词 介词 连词 that 类引导词 wh- 类引导词 疑问词 冠词/代词/名词
P1 · 调查问题

S1Who do you admire?你崇拜谁？

S2A recent survey of 2,000 Chinese teenagers asked this question.最近一项针对 2,000 名中国青少年的调查提出了这个问题。

S3The results might surprise you.结果可能会让你吃惊。

P2 · 今昔变化

S1In the past, most young people said they admired pop stars, actors, or rich businesspeople.过去，大多数年轻人说他们崇拜流行歌星、演员或富有的商人。

S2However, things have changed over the past few years.然而，过去几年里情况已经发生了变化。

S3Today’s teenagers are more likely to admire scientists, doctors, and teachers.如今的青少年更有可能崇拜科学家、医生和教师。

S4About 65% of them said they look up to people who have made real contributions to society.他们中约 65% 的人说，他们敬佩那些为社会做出真正贡献的人。

P3 · 疫情原因

S1Why has this happened?为什么会发生这种变化？

S2Experts believe that the pandemic played a big role.专家认为，疫情起了很大的作用。

S3When people were in trouble, it was not pop stars but doctors and nurses who risked their lives to save others.当人们身处困境时，冒着生命危险去救别人的不是流行歌星，而是医生和护士。

S4It was very brave of these medical workers to work day and night, often without enough rest.这些医护人员日日夜夜地工作，常常得不到足够的休息，这非常勇敢。

S5Young people saw this and their ideas about heroes changed.年轻人看到了这些，他们对英雄的看法也就改变了。

P4 · 科教关注

S1Another reason is the growing attention on science and technology in China.另一个原因是国内对科学技术的关注日益增长。

S2Stories of scientists like Zhong Nanshan and Yuan Longping are now taught more widely in schools.像钟南山、袁隆平这样的科学家的故事，现在在学校里被更广泛地讲授。

S3It is inspiring for young people to learn about these scientists’ dedication.了解这些科学家的奉献精神对年轻人很有鼓舞作用。

S4What’s more, the government has also encouraged young people to see scientists as their role models.而且，政府也鼓励年轻人把科学家视为自己的榜样。

P5 · 理性崇拜

S1However, experts also warn that admiration should not be blind.然而，专家也提醒说，崇拜不应是盲目的。

S2It is important for teenagers to understand that even heroes have weaknesses.对青少年来说，明白即使是英雄也有弱点是重要的。

S3What makes a person admirable is not perfection, but the courage to keep going when things get hard.让一个人令人钦佩的不是完美，而是在事情变得艰难时坚持下去的勇气。

四、作文金句仿写

WRITING · 3 个可套用句型
金句 1 In the past, most young people said they admired pop stars, actors, or rich businesspeople.
In the past / Ten years ago, most young people / students / parents said they admired / liked / chose pop stars, actors, or rich businesspeople / cartoon heroes or film stars.
仿写：In the past, most students said they liked cartoon heroes or film stars. 过去，大多数学生说他们喜欢卡通英雄或电影明星。
适用：写“今昔对比”类作文的开头——先用 In the past 摆出过去的普遍看法，再用 However 转折到现在的变化；注意 said 后是省略 that 的宾语从句，语序用陈述语序（they admired…）。
金句 2 However, things have changed over the past few years.
However, things have changed / have improved / have become better over the past few years / months / weeks.
仿写：However, things have improved over the past few months. 然而，过去几个月里情况已经好转了。
适用：今昔对比作文的“转折句”，一句话完成时间过渡；over the past few years 常与现在完成时（have changed）连用，不能改成一般过去时。
金句 3 What makes a person admirable is not perfection, but the courage to keep going when things get hard.
What makes a person admirable / What makes a good friend / What makes a real hero is not perfection / money / good grades, but the courage to keep going when things get hard / honesty and kindness / the will to help others.
仿写：What makes a good friend is not money, but honesty and kindness. 让一个人成为好朋友的不是金钱，而是诚实和善良。
适用：议论性作文的“亮观点”结尾句——What 引导主语从句作主语（谓语用单数 is），not … but … 对举出真正的标准，气势强、得分高。

写作提示：这三句都来自本篇调查报告，可直接替换 灰色方框 里的内容：写“今昔对比”用金句 1（过去）+ 金句 2（转折）；写“我心目中的英雄／榜样”“什么是真正的美”这类观点作文，把金句 3 放在结尾最亮眼。

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