CHAPTER 5 · 全书共 18 章
The Terrible Tractors 可怕的拖拉机
第四章结尾，狐狸太太说：“你们的爸爸是只了不起的狐狸。”可第二天天一亮，三位农场主还在地面上挖。这一次，他们不开枪、不挖洞——他们开来了一辆可怕的机械铲拖拉机。山丘在崩塌，大树在倒下，狐狸一家能撑住吗？
The terrible tractors —— 可怕的拖拉机来了
5Chapter 5
第四章结尾，狐狸太太说：“你们的爸爸是只了不起的狐狸。”可第二天天一亮，三位农场主还在地面上挖。这一次，他们不开枪、不挖洞——他们开来了一辆可怕的机械铲拖拉机。山丘在崩塌，大树在倒下，狐狸一家能撑住吗？
The farmers have dug all night with shovels — but they cannot reach the foxes. So Bean has a new, much more terrible idea: machines! Now read “The Terrible Tractors” and listen to the machines roar.农场主们用铁锹挖了一整夜——却怎么也挖不到狐狸。于是比恩有了一个更可怕的新主意：机器！现在来读《可怕的拖拉机》，听一听机器的轰鸣。
Roald Dahl loves to make danger bigger and bigger. In Chapter 4 the shovels made a soft scrape. Now the machines go clanking, clanging and banging, until the noise is deafening. He also uses hyperbole (夸张) — the hole is so deep you could put a house into it — and simile (明喻): the big tree falls like a matchstick.罗尔德·达尔喜欢让危险「越来越大」。第四章的铁锹只是轻轻的刮擦声，现在机器叮叮当当、哐哐作响，直到震耳欲聋。他还用「夸张」——洞深得能装下一座房子；用「明喻」——大树像火柴棍一样被推倒。
The fox family dug for dear life, deeper and deeper, and escaped the shovels. Mrs Fox said the golden line: “Your father is a fantastic fox.” But at sunrise the next morning, Boggis, Bunce and Bean are still digging — and they are not giving up.狐狸一家拼命向下挖，越挖越深，躲过了铁锹。狐狸太太说出金句：“你们的爸爸是只了不起的狐狸。”可第二天日出时，博吉斯、邦斯和比恩还在挖——而且他们绝不放弃。
The terrible tractors are coming to dig out the foxes. What do you think will happen?可怕的拖拉机来挖狐狸了，你猜会发生什么？
Pick one to remember your prediction — come back after reading to check!
点一个选项记住你的预测，读完全章后回来揭晓答案。
Two more questions after reading · 还有两个小问题：
1. What is Bean’s new idea?
比恩的新主意是什么？
2. What does Mr Fox shout when he sees the tractors?
狐狸先生看见拖拉机时喊了什么？
跟着原文读一遍。橙色单词先别查——根据上下文猜一猜。点击任意单词弹出词典卡片（中英释义 · 发音 · 例句）；点段落开头的 ▶ 听朗读（英式男声）。
As the sun rose the next morning, Boggis and Bunce and Bean were still digging. They had dug a hole so deep you could have put a house into it. But they had not yet come to the end of the foxes’ tunnel. They were all very tired and cross. ‘Dang and blast!’ said Boggis. ‘Whose rotten idea was this?’ ‘Bean’s idea,’ said Bunce. Boggis and Bunce both stared at Bean. Bean took another swig of cider, then put the flask back into his pocket without offering it to the others. ‘Listen,’ he said angrily, ‘I want that fox! I’m going to get that fox! I’m not giving in till I’ve strung him up over my front porch, dead as a dumpling!’ ‘We can’t get him by digging, that’s for sure,’ said the fat Boggis. ‘I’ve had enough of digging.’
Bunce, the little pot-bellied dwarf, looked up at Bean and said, ‘Have you got any more stupid ideas, then?’ ‘What?’ said Bean. ‘I can’t hear you.’ Bean never took a bath. He never even washed. As a result, his earholes were clogged with all kinds of muck and wax and bits of chewing-gum and dead flies and stuff like that. This made him deaf. ‘Speak louder,’ he said to Bunce, and Bunce shouted back, ‘Got any more stupid ideas?’ Bean rubbed the back of his neck with a dirty finger. He had a boil coming there and it itched. ‘What we need on this job,’ he said, ‘is machines . . . mechanical shovels. We’ll have him out in five minutes with mechanical shovels.’
This was a pretty good idea and the other two had to admit it. ‘All right then,’ Bean said, taking charge. ‘Boggis, you stay here and see the fox doesn’t escape. Bunce and I will go and fetch our machinery. If he tries to get out, shoot him quick.’ The long, thin Bean walked away. The tiny Bunce trotted after him. The fat Boggis stayed where he was with his gun pointing at the fox-hole.
Soon, two enormous caterpillar tractors with mechanical shovels on their front ends came clanking into the wood. Bean was driving one. Bunce the other. The machines were both black. They were murderous, brutal-looking monsters. ‘Here we go, then!’ shouted Bean. ‘Death to the fox!’ shouted Bunce. The machines went to work, biting huge mouthfuls of soil out of the hill. The big tree under which Mr Fox had dug his hole in the first place was toppled like a matchstick. On all sides, rocks were sent flying and trees were falling and the noise was deafening.
Down in the tunnel the foxes crouched, listening to the terrible clanging and banging overhead. ‘What’s happening, Dad?’ cried the Small Foxes. ‘What are they doing?’ Mr Fox didn’t know what was happening or what they were doing. ‘It’s an earthquake!’ cried Mrs Fox. ‘Look!’ said one of the Small Foxes. ‘Our tunnel’s got shorter! I can see daylight!’ They all looked round, and yes, the mouth of the tunnel was only a few feet away from them now, and in the circle of daylight beyond they could see the two huge black tractors almost on top of them. ‘Tractors!’ shouted Mr Fox. ‘And mechanical shovels! Dig for your lives! Dig, dig, dig!’
这一章：一边是开来了机器的农场主，一边是躲在地道里的狐狸一家。机器越挖越近——谁先撑不住？
这一章写三位农场主的疲惫与恼火。记叙文里，外貌的小细节（脏耳朵、脖子上的疖子）常常比大段形容更让人记住。
As a result, his earholes were clogged with all kinds of muck and wax and bits of chewing-gum and dead flies and stuff like that.
A disgustingly specific list — muck, wax, chewing-gum, dead flies — makes Bean unforgettable. Tiny ugly details build a vivid, funny villain.
又脏又具体的清单——污垢、耳垢、口香糖、死苍蝇——让比恩令人难忘。细小的丑细节，造出一个鲜活又好笑的反派。
"I'm going to get that fox! I'm not giving in till I've strung him up over my front porch, dead as a dumpling!"
Bean's threat is violent and strangely funny — "dead as a dumpling". The comparison makes the speech memorable and darkly comic.
比恩的威胁又狠又好笑——「死得像块面团子」。这个比喻让台词好记，还带着黑色幽默。
Bean rubbed the back of his neck with a dirty finger. He had a boil coming there and it itched.
A tiny itch distracts the clever villain mid-plan. Small human details make even bad guys feel real and a little ridiculous.
计划讲到一半，比恩却去挠脖子上的疖子。这种小人味的小细节，让坏人也变得真实、有点滑稽。
They were all very tired and cross.
One short line sums up three men's inner state: tired and cross. Simple, honest, and we feel the whole long night in five words.
短短一句写尽三个人的内心：又累又火。简单诚实，五个词就让读者感受到那漫长的一夜。
On all sides, rocks were sent flying and trees were falling and the noise was deafening.
Verbs of destruction fly at us: rocks sent flying, trees falling, noise deafening. The setting itself is being destroyed — we feel the chaos through sight and sound at once.
毁灭性的动词扑面而来：石头乱飞、树木倒下、噪声震耳。环境本身正在被摧毁——视觉和听觉同时感受到混乱。
这一章按「武器升级」推进：人挖不动 → 出主意用机器 → 分派任务 → 机器进场 → 压到头顶。农场主的武器一级比一级大，危机一级比一级紧。
The hole they dug was so deep it could have held a house, and still they had not reached the end of the fox’s tunnel.
农场主挖了一夜，坑深得像房子，还是追不上狐狸。
How it expands · 怎么展开：围绕 so deep ... still not 展开——先用夸张写力气（能装房子的坑），再用 still 写结果（没追上）。力气与结果的落差，逼出新武器。
“We’ll dig the fox out with machines! ... those mechanical shovels will have him out in five minutes!”
比恩想出用机器：机械铲五分钟就能挖出狐狸。
How it expands · 怎么展开：围绕关键词 machines / five minutes 展开——先写荒唐细节（耳垢、疖子）让比恩可笑，再让可笑的人说出可怕的主意。转折藏在滑稽里。
Boggis stayed behind to guard the hole ... The tall thin Bean walked away. The small fat Bunce ran trotting after him.
博吉斯守洞口，比恩和邦斯去开机器。
How it expands · 怎么展开：用「体型对比」展开部署——瘦高、矮胖、端枪，三个人三句就画完。简短的分工描写，为下一幕的机器大战铺好舞台。
The machines were like murderous monsters ... the big tree fell over like a matchstick. “Go get ’em!”
两辆拖拉机像怪物开进树林，大树像火柴棍倒下。
How it expands · 怎么展开：用「比喻链」展开：怪物（机器）、火柴棍（树）、叮叮当当（声音）——声音、形象、动作三层渲染，把机器的可怕写满整段。
“Our tunnel is getting shorter! I can see daylight!” ... “Dig! Dig! Dig!” shouted Mr Fox.
拖拉机几乎压到头顶，狐狸先生下令：拼命挖！
How it expands · 怎么展开：收在最高危的一刻：孩子尖叫（看见天光）→ 爸爸号令（挖挖挖）。悬念不落地，直接甩给下一章。
这是「冲突升级」结构，复述时沿着武器越来越大这条线：挖 → 机器 → 部署 → 进场 → 压顶。
小提示：与「思维导图」搭配用——把导图的枝条按 挖不动 → 机器 → 部署 → 进场 → 压顶 排好，先看导图复述一遍，再合上导图凭记忆复述一遍。
示意图：一台往深挖，一家也往深挖——机器更凶，可狐狸更懂得「往哪挖」。
把第五章的信息装进这张「思维导图」，再沿着复述支架讲一遍——你也能当小老师！
把句子补充完整，就完成了第五章的复述。
复述加分：用 First / Then / Next / Also / Finally 把六句话串起来；讲到机器的声音（clanking / banging / deafening）时，声音要越来越大、越来越快；讲到最后一句 “Dig for your lives!” 时，要急促有力。
5 张图卡按情节顺序排好。看着图片，用英文把第五章讲出来——点击图片可以放大，每张图点开都有一句「提示句」帮你起头。
提示：图卡可左右滑动查看全部 5 张；点「看看提示句」展开英文句子；点图片放大全屏。
小挑战：先看着图讲一遍，再合上图卡，只凭记忆讲一遍——能做到，第五章就真正属于你了！
这一章，Dahl 把「危险」放大了三倍：铁锹变成机械铲，机械铲变成拖拉机，刮擦声变成震耳欲聋的轰鸣。秘密武器是这六招：
洞当然装不下一座房子——可这一夸张，读者立刻明白：这坑深得离谱。把事实放大到不可能，印象反而更深。
故意把话说大、说到不可能——中文叫「夸张」，与英文 hyperbole 完全对应：“深得能装下一座房子”就是「夸张」。
一棵大树被推倒，本来很难写清它有多大——用 “like a matchstick” 一比，读者立刻看见画面：大树在机器面前，轻得像根火柴棍。机器有多可怕，不用多说。
用「像、好像」把 A 比作 B——中文叫「明喻」，与英文 simile 完全对应：“像火柴棍一样倒下”就是「明喻」。
第四章的声音是小声的刮擦（scrape），这一章直接升级成 clanking（叮当）、clanging（哐当）、banging（砰砰），最后 deafening（震耳欲聋）。声音三级跳，危险也跟着三级跳。
叮当、哐当、轰隆——用声音词写场面叫「摹声」；声音由小到大，就是「由远及近 / 蓄势」，把紧张感一层层垫高。
最危急的时刻，句子全变成了一个词、两个词：Look! Tractors! Dig! 短句读起来像心跳，越来越快；Dig, dig, dig 三个重复，一字一锤，命令感拉满。
危急时刻用短句，中文叫「短句抒情」；“挖挖挖”连着重复，就是「反复」——越短越急促，越重复越有力。
胖、矮、高瘦——三个人站在一起，画面立刻生动。Dahl 不用介绍性格，体型就是性格：胖的怕累、矮的嘴碎、高瘦的拿主意。
用外形差异写人物——中文叫「肖像描写」；胖瘦高矮摆在一起，就是「对比」，几笔就让人物过目不忘。
狐狸先生没有说“我们完蛋了”，而是立刻下令“拼命挖”。for your lives 三个词点明：这不是演习，是生死关头。全章最危险的一刻，命令就是主题——把这句话抄进你的「好句本」吧。
“挖挖挖”连声反复，像冲锋号——中文叫「反复」，也叫「以声收束」：故事停在最响的一个字上，悬念却留给了下一章。
中西对照小发现：英文 hyperbole 就是中文「夸张」，simile 就是「明喻 / 比喻」，onomatopoeia 就是「摹声」，short sentences 就是「短句抒情」，contrast 就是「对比」。给小朋友讲的时候，中英文术语可以互相借用，哪边熟讲哪边。
三个难度层级：先找细节，再推原因，最后谈看法。点「提示」给一点帮助，点「答案」对照想法。
1. What were the three farmers doing as the sun rose? 日出时，三个农场主在做什么？
2. Why couldn’t Bean hear Bunce? 比恩为什么听不见邦斯说话？
3. What happened to the big tree under which Mr Fox had dug his hole? 狐狸先生挖洞的那棵大树怎么了？
4. Why did Bean say “We’ll have him out in five minutes with mechanical shovels”? 比恩为什么说五分钟就能把狐狸挖出来？
5. Why did the tunnel “get shorter” in the Small Fox’s eyes? 小狐狸为什么说隧道变短了？
6. How did the noise of the machines affect the foxes? 机器的噪声对狐狸一家有什么影响？
7. Were the farmers smart or foolish this time? Why? 这次农场主是聪明还是愚蠢？为什么？
8. Why did Mr Fox shout “Dig for your lives!” instead of just “Dig!”? 狐狸先生为什么喊“拼命挖”而不是只喊“挖”？
9. The next chapter is called “The Race”. What race do you think it is? 下一章叫《竞赛》，你觉得是什么竞赛？
Chapter 5 is the war that grows bigger: shovels give way to mechanical monsters, and the forest itself is torn up. Yet the harder the farmers press, the closer the family digs together — iron against instinct, anger against love.
第五章是一场不断扩大的战争：铁锹退场，机械怪物登场，整片树林被掀翻。可农场主逼得越紧，狐狸一家就贴得越近——钢铁对本能，怒火对爱。
每张词卡正面是原文句子——先根据上下文猜意思，再点击翻面验证。学完 12 个核心词，别忘了下面的「拓展好词」。
“They were all very tired and cross.”
猜一猜：高兴的 / 生气的 / 害怕的？
“Whose rotten idea was this?”
猜一猜：绝妙的 / 糟糕的 / 复杂的？
“Bean took another swig of cider”
猜一猜：一小口 / 一大口 / 一整瓶？
“This made him deaf.”
猜一猜：聪明的 / 聋的 / 生气的？
“his earholes were clogged with muck and wax”
猜一猜：干净的 / 堵塞的 / 张开的？
“What we need is machines ... mechanical shovels.”
猜一猜：手工的 / 机械的 / 电动的？
“two enormous caterpillar tractors”
猜一猜：迷你的 / 巨大的 / 普通的？
“enormous caterpillar tractors”
猜一猜：毛毛虫（履带车）/ 普通轮子 / 火箭？
“came clanking into the wood”
猜一猜：安静地 / 叮当作响地 / 呼啸而过地？
“They were murderous, brutal-looking monsters.”
猜一猜：可爱的 / 杀气腾腾的 / 破旧的？
“was toppled like a matchstick”
猜一猜：稳稳立着 / 倒下、被推倒 / 飘起来？
“the noise was deafening”
猜一猜：安静无声的 / 震耳欲聋的 / 悦耳动听的？
| Word | Meaning 释义 | From the text 原文 |
|---|---|---|
| crouched | v. 蹲伏；蜷缩（crouch 的过去式） | “the foxes crouched, listening” |
| daylight | n. 日光；天亮 | “I can see daylight!” |
| trotted | v. 小跑（trot 的过去式） | “The tiny Bunce trotted after him.” |
| matchstick | n. 火柴棍 | “toppled like a matchstick” |
| strung | v. 吊起；悬挂（string 的过去分词） | “strung him up over my front porch” |
| brutal-looking | adj. 长相凶残的 | “murderous, brutal-looking monsters” |
本章的 4 个语法点都藏在课文句子里：每个点按「规则 → 原文例句 → 即时练习」三步走，最后做 5 道综合小测检验。先找进行时标志词，再判断句型和语态。
规则：was / were + 动词-ing 表示过去某时正在进行的动作，常作故事里的「背景动作」：另一件事发生时，这件事还在进行。单数主语用 was，复数主语用 were。
P1As the sun rose, Boggis and Bunce and Bean were still digging. P4Rocks were sent flying and trees were falling and the noise was deafening.
日出（一个动作）发生时，挖洞（另一个动作）还在进行——进行时像一张「背景照片」，定格住那一刻的画面。
1While I ___ (read), my brother ___ (watch) TV.
2At eight o’clock last night, we ___ (have) dinner.
3用过去进行时翻译：天亮时，农场主们还在挖。
1. was reading / was watching——while 引导背景动作，两个动作同时进行。
2. were having——昨晚八点那一刻「正在吃晚饭」。
3. The farmers were still digging when the sun rose.——背景动作用进行时，插入事件用一般过去时。
规则：直接用动词原形开头的句子是祈使句，用来下命令、提警告或给建议，句末常用感叹号。表示「不要做」用 Don’t + 动词原形。短促的祈使句，正是危急时刻最有力的写法。
P5“Listen!” “Look!” “Dig for your lives! Dig, dig, dig!” P3“Stay here and see the fox doesn’t escape.”
狐狸先生喊的三个词——Listen! Look! Dig!——全是祈使句。命令越短，读起来越急，教室里的学生一听就知道：情况紧急。
1把 “You must be quiet.” 改成祈使句：___ !
2___ (come) here, please. / ___ (not run) in the hallway!
3用祈使句给弟弟写两条命令（如：先做作业 / 不要玩手机）。
1. Be quiet!——省去主语 you，直接用动词原形。
2. Come here, please. / Don’t run in the hallway!——否定祈使句用 Don’t + 动词原形。
3. 示例：Do your homework first! / Don’t play with your phone!——动词原形开头就是命令。
规则：在主句动作之后加一个 v-ing 短语，表示「一边……一边……」的伴随动作，让画面更生动：主语做 A 的同时，还做着 B。v-ing 短语和主句共用同一个主语。
P4two enormous caterpillar tractors came clanking into the wood. The machines went to work, biting huge mouthfuls of soil out of the hill. P5the foxes crouched, listening to the terrible clanging and banging overhead.
拖拉机是「一边开进来一边叮当作响」；狐狸是「一边蹲着一边听」——v-ing 把两个动作叠在一句里，画面立刻活了。
1He walked in, ___ (smile).
2The dog ran after the cat, ___ (bark) loudly.
3翻译：狐狸们蹲着，听头顶可怕的哐当声。
1. smiling——走进来「一边微笑着」；smiling 与 walked 共用主语 he。
2. barking——边追边叫，barking 作伴随状语。
3. The foxes crouched, listening to the terrible banging overhead.——crouched 是主句，listening 表伴随。
规则：当动作的承受者是主语时，用被动语态：was / were + 过去分词。谁做的动作不重要或不用说出时（by 短语可省），就用被动。单数用 was，复数用 were。
P4The big tree ... was toppled like a matchstick. P4rocks were sent flying and trees were falling.
我们关心的是「大树倒了」「岩石飞了」这个结果，而不是「谁推的」——被动语态把镜头对准被破坏的一方，危险感更强。
1The homework ___ (finish) by Tom yesterday.
2These books ___ (write) by Roald Dahl.
3翻译：大树被拖拉机推倒了。
1. was finished——作业是「被完成」的，过去时被动用 was + 过去分词。
2. were written——复数主语 books 用 were；by 引出动作执行者。
3. The big tree was toppled by the tractors.——toppled 是 topple 的过去分词，by 引出拖拉机。
5 道选择题 + 1 个配对游戏。先做选择题，再做配对，看看你能得几分！
1章首三个农场主在做什么？
2Bean 的新主意是什么？
3“We’ll have him out in five minutes” 里的 him 指谁？
4那棵大树最后怎么了？
5Mr Fox 看见拖拉机时喊了什么？
先点左边的角色，再点右边他说的话。
还有 3 对要配对。
这一页是你的自学地图：学习目标、学习步骤和全部答案都在这里，跟着走就能通关第五章。