GRADE 8 · TEST 2 · 深圳专用（沪教牛津版 Units 1~2）

八年级上册 真题二 · 全题型精读

完形填空 · 阅读理解 A/B/C · 六选五 · 信息匹配 · 语法填空 —— 瀑布流总览，点击上方导航直达对应练习

7 个部分 · 45 题答案 + 逐题解析词性套色精读 作文金句仿写点击查词典自然语音朗读
1

完形填空 · 面塑传人康健

Cloze Test · 10 空（1-10）· 答案填入 + 逐题解析 + 文章精读 + 作文金句
单独打开 ↗
图例 LEGEND 填入的正确答案 上文线索（蓝波浪线） 下文线索（绿波浪线） 蓝波浪线 = 该空答案的依据在上文；绿波浪线 = 依据在下文

一、完整文章（答案已填入）

PASSAGE · 浅黄色 = 填入的正确答案，波浪线 = 上下文线索

P1 Over the past three years, Kang Jian has created more than 400 dough sculptures (面塑) and become a city-inheritor (继承人) of the dough sculpture in Mohe, Heilongjiang Province.

P2 Kang has shown an interest in art, especially1 the dough sculpture since he was a child. Every time his parents made dumplings, he would ask for a small piece of dough to make animals — a rabbit, a fish, or a snail. Those small dough animals brought him lots of good childhood memories2. However, Kang didn’t learn art in college3. His family was poor and his parents were not able to pay for his art education4. Kang left college in 2016 and worked in the Mohe Forestry Bureau.

P3 Then in 2018, during a visit to a museum in Beijing, Kang learned something about dough sculpting. Then he had the idea of taking his childhood interest5 up. He visited some famous artists6 and learned to make dough sculptures from them. His skills improved7 a lot.

P4 As a fan of Chinese literature (文学), Kang would like to make dough sculptures of Chinese heroes, such as8 Sun Wukong and Guan Yu. In April 2022, he even finished the dough sculptures of 108 heroes from the novel Outlaws of the Marah after 16 months of work.

P5 When Kang is free, he is invited9 to give classes at schools to teach students to make dough sculptures. He is happy to have a chance to tell young people about dough sculptures and stories10 about Chinese folk heroes. He expects more young people to take up this traditional art form.

二、逐题解析

WHY · 为什么选它，另外三项为什么不行
1

Kang has shown an interest in art, especially the dough sculpture since he was a child.

康从小就对艺术表现出兴趣，尤其是面塑。

副词辨析 · 递进强调
考点副词词义辨析 + 由大到小的递进强调关系。
解析空格前是大范围“对艺术感兴趣”，空格后缩小到小范围“面塑”，and 前用逗号隔开的这种“大 → 小”正是 especially（尤其）的用法。上文线索是 Kang has shown an interest in art，下文线索是 since he was a child（说明这份兴趣从童年就开始了）。really 表“确实”，luckily 表“幸运地”，strangely 表“奇怪地”，都无法表达“尤其”。
答案C. especially
Areally真地，确实✗ 只表示“的确”，不能把“艺术”缩小到“面塑”，缺少递进强调的意味。
Bluckily幸运地✗ 全文没有“幸运”的信息，与“从小感兴趣”无关。
Cespecially尤其，特别是 ✓✓ 正是“整体 → 具体”的递进强调：对艺术感兴趣，尤其是面塑。
Dstrangely奇怪地✗ 对艺术感兴趣是很正常的事，谈不上“奇怪”。
2

Those small dough animals brought him lots of good childhood memories.

那些小小的面团动物给他带来了许多美好的童年回忆。

名词辨析 · 上文线索
考点名词词义辨析，依据上文的具体事例判断。
解析上文写“每次父母包饺子，他都要一小块面团来做兔子、鱼、蜗牛”（Every time his parents made dumplings … he would ask for a small piece of dough to make animals），这些童年趣事留给他的当然是回忆 memories。bring sb. sth. 意为“给某人带来某物”，带来的是美好的回忆。
答案B. memories
Amistakes错误✗ 做面团动物不是错误，下文也没有任何“犯错”的信息。
Bmemories记忆，回忆 ✓✓ 与 good childhood 搭配自然，正是“童年回忆”，与上文的童年趣事照应。
Cplans计划✗ 小动物是已经发生的事情带来的感受，不是“计划”。
Dthoughts想法✗ “想法”太抽象，不能与 good childhood 一起表示“美好的童年记忆”。
3

However, Kang didn’t learn art in college.

然而，康并没有在大学里学过艺术。

名词辨析 · 原因照应
考点名词词义辨析，后文原因句与下段同词复现双重照应。
解析下文 His family was poor 说明家里没钱，所以他没能上大学学艺术；下一段又有 Kang left college in 2016，原词复现，进一步证明空格处就是 college。in college 意为“在大学（读书）”。
答案B. college
Asilence沉默✗ in silence 意为“沉默地”，与“学艺术”毫无关系。
Bcollege大学，学院 ✓✓ in college 表示“在大学里”，与下文 left college、His family was poor 完全照应。
Cprogress进步✗ in progress 意为“在进行中”，不能表示“在学校里学习艺术”。
Dfamily家庭✗ 下文已有 his parents / His family，此处再填 family 会造成语义重复。
4

His family was poor and his parents were not able to pay for his art education.

他家境贫寒，父母无力承担他的艺术教育费用。

名词辨析 · pay for 搭配
考点名词词义辨析 + 动词短语 pay for（为……付钱）的宾语搭配。
解析上文线索 his parents were not able to pay for his art …：pay for 后面接的是要花钱买的东西；结合前文“他没能在大学学艺术”，花不起的钱就是艺术教育的费用，所以填 education。
答案D. education
Abusiness生意✗ 全文没有“做生意”的信息，艺术与 business 不同义场。
Bpleasure快乐✗ “快乐”不是能用钱支付的东西，pay for his art pleasure 不合逻辑。
Ctradition传统✗ 传统可以“传承”，却无法用 pay for 表示“负担学费”。
Deducation教育 ✓✓ pay for one’s education 是固定搭配，指“支付某人的教育费用”，与家贫、上大学两处线索都吻合。
5

Then he had the idea of taking his childhood interest up.

于是他想到了重拾童年的兴趣。

名词辨析 · 首尾照应
考点名词词义辨析 + 短语 take … up（重新开始，拾起）。
解析第二段开头就说 Kang has shown an interest in art, especially the dough sculpture；2018 年在北京的博物馆学到面塑知识后，他就想把童年的这份兴趣重新拾起来，所以填 interest，与首段形成照应。take up 的宾语被 his childhood 修饰，放在 take 与 up 之间。
答案C. interest
Afear害怕✗ 童年时他喜欢面团动物，毫无“害怕”可言，且 take fear up 不成立。
Banger生气✗ 全文没有生气的情绪，与“重拾”的积极语境矛盾。
Cinterest兴趣 ✓✓ 与上文 has shown an interest in art 首尾照应，take his childhood interest up 即“重拾童年的兴趣”。
Dluck运气✗ 运气与“学面塑、做面塑”的努力无关，不能作 take … up 的宾语。
6

He visited some famous artists and learned to make dough sculptures from them.

他拜访了一些著名的艺术家，向他们学习制作面塑。

名词辨析 · 同义场照应
考点名词词义辨析，看上下文的语义场（艺术类）。
解析上文有 Kang has shown an interest in art 和 his art education，本句又说“向他们学习制作面塑”，说明他拜访的是懂艺术的艺术家 artists。learn … from sb. 意为“向某人学习”。
答案A. artists
Aartists艺术家 ✓✓ 与 art / dough sculptures 同属艺术语义场，正是能教他做面塑的人。
Bengineers工程师✗ 工程师做工程设计，不教面塑，语义场不符。
Cpioneers先锋，开拓者✗ “先锋”是抽象评价，不能与 learned to make dough sculptures from them 搭配。
Dmusicians音乐家✗ 音乐家从事音乐，与面塑这门手工艺术无关，属于偷换概念。
7

His skills improved a lot.

他的技艺提高了很多。

动词辨析 · 因果逻辑
考点动词词义辨析 + 前因后果的逻辑关系。
解析上文 He visited some famous artists and learned to make dough sculptures from them 是“因”——拜访名师、认真学习；本句是“果”——技艺提高了很多，a lot 也提示“进步幅度大”，故选 improved。
答案C. improved
Apunished惩罚✗ 向名师学习不会被“惩罚”，且技能不能作 punished 的主语动作。
Bwarned警告✗ 学习面塑与“警告”无关，语义完全不通。
Cimproved提高，改善 ✓✓ His skills improved a lot 表示“技艺提高了很多”，与上文的学习过程构成因果，a lot 也正好修饰“提高”。
Dcorrected改正✗ corrected 的对象通常是“错误”，不能与 skills（技能）搭配。
8

As a fan of Chinese literature, Kang would like to make dough sculptures of Chinese heroes, such as Sun Wukong and Guan Yu.

作为中国文学的爱好者，康想制作中国英雄的面塑，比如孙悟空和关羽。

短语辨析 · 举例
考点短语辨析，看空格前后是概括还是具体例子。
解析空格前 Chinese heroes 是概括，空格后 Sun Wukong and Guan Yu（孙悟空和关羽）是两个具体例子，用 such as 引出例子最合适；下文还有 such as 的同义表达 108 heroes from the novel，也是举例思路。
答案B. such as
Aas for至于，关于✗ as for 用来另起话题，后面要接谈论的对象，不能引出“例子”。
Bsuch as例如 ✓✓ such as + 具体例子，正好把 Chinese heroes 具体化为孙悟空和关羽。
Cbecause of由于✗ because of 后接原因，而孙悟空、关羽不是“原因”，属于因果误用。
Dup to多达，直到✗ up to 后接数量，如 up to 108 heroes，不能接人名列举。
9

When Kang is free, he is invited to give classes at schools to teach students to make dough sculptures.

康有空的时候，会被邀请到学校上课，教学生制作面塑。

动词辨析 · 被动语态
考点动词词义辨析 + 被动语态 be + 过去分词 + to do。
解析主语 he 是“被请去上课”的一方，不是自己想去就去，所以用 be invited to do sth.（被邀请做某事）。下文线索 to give classes at schools to teach students 说明是学校给他机会；第三句 He is happy to have a chance 中的 have a chance（得到机会）也印证“受邀”。
答案B. invited
Aencouraged鼓励✗ be encouraged to do 意为“被鼓励做”，强调他人的鼓励，而这里说的是学校请他开课这件事，且与 have a chance 的机会义不呼应。
Binvited邀请 ✓✓ be invited to give classes 即“受邀去上课”，与 at schools、have a chance 的语境最贴合。
Callowed允许✗ be allowed to do 意为“被允许做”，是“许可”而不是“邀请他来讲课”。
Dtraded交易✗ trade 意为“做买卖”，与去学校教面塑毫无关系。
10

He is happy to have a chance to tell young people about dough sculptures and stories about Chinese folk heroes.

他很高兴有机会向年轻人讲述面塑和中国民间英雄的故事。

名词辨析 · tell … about 搭配
考点名词词义辨析，并列结构与 tell sb. about sth. 搭配。
解析空格与前面的 dough sculptures 并列，都是 tell young people about 后面的内容。上文线索 tell young people about dough sculptures 已经给出“讲……的内容”这一结构；介绍中国民间英雄，讲的自然是故事 stories，也与上文 a fan of Chinese literature、Chinese heroes 的“文学故事”氛围一致。
答案A. stories
Astories故事 ✓✓ stories about Chinese folk heroes 即“关于中国民间英雄的故事”，与 tell sb. about sth. 和并列结构完全吻合。
Bwords话，词语✗ words about Chinese folk heroes 表意模糊，不能表示“讲述英雄故事”。
Cforms形式，方式✗ 形式不能被“讲述”（tell），与 tell sb. about sth. 不搭配。
Dlessons课，教训✗ lessons 侧重“课程”，前面已经出现 give classes，此处再填 lessons 语义重复。

三、文章精读

INTENSIVE READING · 词性套色 + 从句划线

精读说明：按《词性标注配色规则》套色——绿=谓语动词，绿底=不定式，墨绿+灰底=动名词，玫红=形容词/形容词性物主代词，玫红+粉底=分词，蓝=副词，紫=介词，橙=连词，橙底=that 类引导词，蓝底=wh- 类引导词，红=疑问词，深灰=冠词/代词/名词；句子下的橙色下划线=that 类从句，蓝色下划线=wh- 类从句。点击生词可查词典。

配色速查 谓语动词 不定式 动名词 形容词/物主代词 分词 副词 介词 连词 that 类引导词 wh- 类引导词 疑问词 冠词/代词/名词
P1 · 面塑传承人

S1Over the past three years, Kang Jian has created more than 400 dough sculptures (面塑) and become a city-inheritor (继承人) of the dough sculpture in Mohe, Heilongjiang Province.在过去三年里，康健创作了 400 多件面塑作品，并成为黑龙江省漠河市面塑的市级传承人。

P2 · 童年与家境

S1Kang has shown an interest in art, especially the dough sculpture since he was a child.康从小就对艺术表现出兴趣，尤其是面塑。

S2Every time his parents made dumplings, he would ask for a small piece of dough to make animals — a rabbit, a fish, or a snail.每次父母包饺子，他都会要一小块面团来做动物——兔子、鱼或蜗牛。

S3Those small dough animals brought him lots of good childhood memories.那些小小的面团动物给他带来了许多美好的童年回忆。

S4However, Kang didn’t learn art in college.然而，康并没有在大学里学过艺术。

S5His family was poor and his parents were not able to pay for his art education.他家境贫寒，父母无力承担他的艺术教育费用。

S6Kang left college in 2016 and worked in the Mohe Forestry Bureau.康 2016 年离开大学，在漠河林业局工作。

P3 · 重拾旧梦

S1Then in 2018, during a visit to a museum in Beijing, Kang learned something about dough sculpting.后来在 2018 年，在北京参观一家博物馆时，康了解到一些关于面塑的知识。

S2Then he had the idea of taking his childhood interest up.于是他想到了重拾童年的兴趣。

S3He visited some famous artists and learned to make dough sculptures from them.他拜访了一些著名的艺术家，向他们学习制作面塑。

S4His skills improved a lot.他的技艺提高了很多。

P4 · 中国英雄

S1As a fan of Chinese literature (文学), Kang would like to make dough sculptures of Chinese heroes, such as Sun Wukong and Guan Yu.作为中国文学的爱好者，康想制作中国英雄的面塑，比如孙悟空和关羽。

S2In April 2022, he even finished the dough sculptures of 108 heroes from the novel Outlaws of the Marah after 16 months of work.2022 年 4 月，他历经 16 个月的创作，甚至完成了小说《水浒传》中 108 位好汉的面塑。（原文 Outlaws of the Marah 应为 Outlaws of the Marsh，即《水浒传》）

P5 · 传承传统

S1When Kang is free, he is invited to give classes at schools to teach students to make dough sculptures.康有空的时候，会被邀请到学校上课，教学生制作面塑。

S2He is happy to have a chance to tell young people about dough sculptures and stories about Chinese folk heroes.他很高兴有机会向年轻人讲述面塑和中国民间英雄的故事。

S3He expects more young people to take up this traditional art form.他期望更多年轻人能够继承这一传统艺术形式。

四、作文金句仿写

WRITING BOOST · 黑色为框架，灰色底纹为可替换词

把文中的好句子拆成“句型框架”，换上你自己的词，就能写出漂亮的作文句子。

金句 1 He is happy to have a chance to tell young people about dough sculptures and stories about Chinese folk heroes.

I / She / We am / is / are happy to have a chance to tell young people / foreign friends / my classmates about dough sculptures / Chinese paper-cutting / our city and stories / the history about Chinese folk heroes / Chinese culture.

仿写：I am happy to have a chance to tell foreign friends about Chinese paper-cutting and stories about Chinese folk heroes. 我很高兴有机会向外国朋友介绍中国剪纸和民间英雄的故事。

适用：写“介绍中国传统 / 家乡文化”的作文，表达自豪与高兴。

金句 2 When Kang is free, he is invited to give classes at schools to teach students to make dough sculptures.

When he is free / When I am free / When she has time, he is / I am / she is invited to give classes at schools / join the club activity / give a talk to teach students / children / visitors to make dough sculptures / play the erhu / do paper-cutting.

仿写：When I am free, I am invited to give classes at schools to teach children to do paper-cutting. 我有空时常受邀到学校上课，教孩子们剪纸。

适用：写“做志愿者 / 参加文化活动 / 传授技能”。

金句 3 Those small dough animals brought him lots of good childhood memories.

Those small dough animals / Those picture books / Those summer days brought him / me / her lots of good childhood memories / happy memories / warm memories.

仿写：Those picture books brought me lots of warm memories. 那些图画书给我带来了许多温暖的回忆。

适用：写“回忆往事、童年生活”，bring sb. sth. 表示“给某人带来某物”。

金句 4 He expects more young people to take up this traditional art form.

He / She / I expects / expect more young people to take up this traditional art form / Chinese kung fu / this old craft.

仿写：I expect more young people to take up this old craft. 我希望更多年轻人来传承这门老手艺。

适用：结尾呼吁传承传统文化，expect sb. to do sth. 表示“期望某人做某事”。

2

阅读理解 A · 托马斯·爱迪生

Reading A · 11-15 · 同色定位 + 波浪线依据 + 题目精析 + 文章精读
单独打开 ↗
图例 LEGEND sw-q1 · 第 11 题：How often / every two weeks sw-q2 · 第 12 题：fired（划线词） sw-q3 · 第 13 题：after he became deaf sw-q4 · 第 14 题：mainly talk about sw-q5 · 第 15 题：learn from the passage 题干定位词与原文同色高亮；波浪线 = 答案依据句；浅黄加粗 = Q 与原文的同义转换；红色删除线 = 错误选项的关键词。

一、文章

PASSAGE · 点击任意单词可查词典

P1 Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. Without him, the world might still be in the dark. However, the electric light was not his only invention. He also invented the motion picture camera and over 1,200 other things. About every two weeks he created something new.

P2 Thomas Edison was born in 1847. He attended school for only three months. His mother taught him at home, but Thomas was mostly self-educated. He started experimenting at a young age.

P3 When he was 12 years old, he got his first job. He became a newsboy(报童) on a train. He did experiments on the train in his spare time. Unluckily, his first work experience did not end well. They fired him when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the train. Then Edison worked for five years as a telegraph operator, but he continued to spend much of his time experimenting with his first patent (专利) in 1868 for a vote recorder run by electricity.

P4 Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other, but he thought of his deafness as a blessing(祝福) in many ways. It kept conversations short so that he could have more time for work. He always worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat.

P5 Thomas Edison died at the age of 84. He left a great many inventions that greatly improved the quality of life all over the world.

二、题目精析

QUESTIONS · 定位词 → 原文依据 → 同义转换 → 选项对错原因
11

How often did Edison make a new invention?

爱迪生多久就会有一项新发明？

细节理解 · 数字换算
定位原文 P1 末句：About every two weeks he created something new.（大约每两周他就会创造出新东西。）
同义转换题干 How often（多久一次）问的是频率，对应原文 every two weeks；题干 make a new invention（做出新发明）↔ 原文 created something new（创造出新东西）。关键是 every two weeks = every fourteen days：两周＝14 天。
解析数字换算题必须先定位频率短语（every two weeks），再做“周→天”的换算。1 周 = 7 天，所以 two weeks = 14 days，即 about every fourteen days。选项 A、C、D 都在“7 天”上做文章，全错。
答案B
AAbout every seven days.大约每七天。✗ 【偷换概念】seven days 是“一周 7 天”；原文是 every two weeks（每两周），换算后应为 14 天，把频率夸大了一倍。
BAbout every fourteen days.大约每十四天。✓ every two weeks = every fourteen days，与原文完全一致。
CAbout once a week.大约每周一次。✗ 【偷换概念】once a week 就是每 7 天一次，与 A 同病，都不是原文的“每两周”。
DAbout twice a week.大约每周两次。✗ 【偷换概念】twice a week 是每周两次（一年 104 次），比原文频繁得多，属于夸大频率。
12

What does the underlined word “fired” mean in this passage?

文中划线单词 fired 是什么意思？

词义猜测 · 语境推断
定位原文 P3：Unluckily, his first work experience did not end well. They fired him when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the train.
同义转换题干 fired ↔ 语境义 asked somebody to leave his job（被要求离开工作岗位＝解雇）；上文提示词 did not end well（并不顺利）＝ 结果很糟，下文“他点着了火车地板”＝ 犯了大错。
解析词义猜测题要“先看褒贬，再看搭配”：Unluckily 已定下负面基调，did not end well 说明结局不好，随后说他 accidentally set fire to the floor，所以 fire 在这里不是“火”，而是动词“解雇”。注意区分两个 fire：They fired him（解雇了他）／set fire to the floor（点燃地板）。
答案D
AGave somebody a job.给某人一份工作。✗ 【偷换概念·反向干扰】give sb. a job 是“给工作”，与“被解雇”正好相反，方向完全弄反了。
BSet fire to somebody.放火烧某人。✗ 【望文生义】把 fire 直接理解成“放火”，再套到人身上。原文只是 set fire to the floor（点燃地板），与“解雇”这一词义无关。
CLet somebody down.让某人失望。✗ 【张冠李戴】let sb. down 意为“使某人失望”，是另一个短语的意思，与“解雇”毫无关系。
DAsked somebody to leave his job.要求某人离职（＝解雇）。✓ 结合 Unluckily、did not end well 和他点燃地板的语境，fired him 就是“把他解雇了”。
13

How was Edison after he became deaf?

爱迪生耳聋之后状态如何？

推理判断 · 人物态度
定位原文 P4 首句：Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other, but he thought of his deafness as a blessing(祝福) in many ways.
同义转换原文 thought of his deafness as a blessing（把耳聋看作一种祝福）↔ 选项 kept positive（保持乐观）；“blessing（祝福、幸事）”是褒义词，直接决定态度是正面的。
解析转折词 but 是关键：前面讲耳聋的坏处，but 之后才是作者真正要强调的态度——“在很多方面把耳聋看作祝福”，甚至还因此“have more time for work”。所以他的态度是积极的、乐观的。
答案A
AHe kept positive.他保持乐观。✓ blessing 是褒义词，把失聪看成祝福、还能“因此多出工作时间”，可见心态积极乐观。
BHe was worried.他很担心。✗ 【无中生有】全文没有任何“担心、焦虑”的表述，文章只写了他对耳聋的看法。
CHe felt sorry.他感到遗憾。✗ 【无中生有】文中没有“遗憾、惋惜”的信息，属于凭空添加情感。
DHe was sad.他很悲伤。✗ 【偷换概念·与原文相反】他把耳聋视为 many ways 的好事，情绪是正面的，sad 与原文态度完全相反。
14

What does the passage mainly talk about?

这篇文章主要谈论什么？

主旨大意 · 标题概括
定位P1 首句：Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. → 全文按“出生(1847)—上学三个月—少年实验—12 岁第一份工作—耳聋仍乐观工作—84 岁去世”的时间顺序展开；P5 收束：He left a great many inventions that greatly improved the quality of life all over the world.
同义转换题干 mainly talk about（主要谈论）↔ 选项 the whole life of Edison（爱迪生的一生）：全文是一条完整的人生时间线，因此“一生”才是涵盖全篇的概括。
解析主旨题要选“能盖住每一段”的选项。A 只对应电灯（P1 的一部分）；B 只对应 experiments（P2、P3）；C 讲“发明的意义”，偏离了“写人”的主线。只有 D 覆盖出生、求学、工作、耳聋、去世全过程。
答案D
AThe history of the electric light.电灯的历史。✗ 【以偏概全】电灯只是爱迪生 1,200 多件发明中的一件，用它代表全篇，范围太窄。
BEdison and his experiments.爱迪生和他的实验。✗ 【以偏概全】只覆盖“实验”，漏掉了出生、报童工作、耳聋、去世等人生经历，概括不全。
CThe importance of inventions.发明的重要性。✗ 【偷换概念·偏题】文章的重心是“爱迪生这个人”，而不是“发明本身有多重要”，主题被换掉了。
DThe whole life of Edison.爱迪生的一生。✓ 全文按“出生—工作—耳聋—去世”的顺序介绍爱迪生的一生，与官方导语“主要讲述了爱迪生的一生”一致。
15

What can we learn from the passage?

从这篇文章中我们能了解到什么？

推理判断 · 概括人物品质
定位原文 P4：He always worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat.
同义转换原文 always worked 16 out of every 24 hours（每天 24 小时工作 16 小时，即三分之二的时间都在工作）＋ his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat（要妻子提醒才睡觉吃饭）↔ 选项 very hard-working（非常勤奋）。
解析数字是最硬的证据：16/24 的工作强度、需要被提醒才休息，都指向“勤奋刻苦”。此外 he started experimenting at a young age（年少就开始实验）也印证了这一点。
答案C
AEdison was lazy when he was young.爱迪生年轻时很懒。✗ 【偷换概念·与原文相反】他年少就开始做实验，每天还工作 16 小时，lazy 与原文事实完全相反。
BEdison was poor so he needed to work on a train.爱迪生很穷，所以要去火车上工作。✗ 【无中生有】文中只说他 12 岁得到第一份工作是当报童，从未提过“因为贫穷”这个原因。
CEdison was very hard-working.爱迪生非常勤奋。✓ 由“每 24 小时工作 16 小时、妻子要提醒他睡觉吃饭”可推知，他是极其勤奋的人。
DHe had little difficulty in experimenting.他做实验几乎没什么困难。✗ 【无中生有／与原文相反】他曾因意外点燃地板被解雇，experiment 之路并不顺利，little difficulty 是绝对化且违背原文。

三、文章精读

INTENSIVE READING · 词性套色 + 从句划线

精读说明：按《词性标注配色规则》套色——绿=谓语动词，绿底=不定式，墨绿+灰底=动名词，玫红=形容词/形容词性物主代词，玫红+粉底=分词，蓝=副词，紫=介词，橙=连词，橙底=that 类引导词，蓝底=wh- 类引导词，红=疑问词，深灰=冠词/代词/名词；句子下的橙色下划线=that 类从句，蓝色下划线=wh- 类从句。点击生词可查词典。

配色速查 谓语动词 不定式 动名词 形容词/物主代词 分词 副词 介词 连词 that 类引导词 wh- 类引导词 疑问词 冠词/代词/名词
P1 · 照亮世界

S1Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light.托马斯·爱迪生用他发明的电灯照亮了世界。

S2Without him, the world might still be in the dark.没有他，世界可能仍处在黑暗之中。

S3However, the electric light was not his only invention.然而，电灯并不是他唯一的发明。

S4He also invented the motion picture camera and over 1,200 other things.他还发明了电影摄影机以及 1200 多件其他东西。

S5About every two weeks he created something new.大约每两周他就会创造出新东西。

P2 · 自学成才

S1Thomas Edison was born in 1847.托马斯·爱迪生生于 1847 年。

S2He attended school for only three months.他只上过三个月的学。

S3His mother taught him at home, but Thomas was mostly self-educated.他的母亲在家里教他，但托马斯主要是自学的。

S4He started experimenting at a young age.他很小的时候就开始做实验。

P3 · 报童岁月

S1When he was 12 years old, he got his first job.12 岁时，他得到了第一份工作。

S2He became a newsboy(报童) on a train.他成了火车上的报童。

S3He did experiments on the train in his spare time.他在空闲时间在火车上做实验。

S4Unluckily, his first work experience did not end well.不幸的是，他的第一份工作经历并不顺利。

S5They fired him when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the train.当他意外点燃了火车的地板时，他们解雇了他。

S6Then Edison worked for five years as a telegraph operator, but he continued to spend much of his time experimenting with his first patent (专利) in 1868 for a vote recorder run by electricity.之后爱迪生做了五年电报员，但他继续把大量时间花在做实验上，并于 1868 年取得他的第一项专利——一台由电驱动的投票记录机。

P4 · 耳聋之福

S1Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other, but he thought of his deafness as a blessing(祝福) in many ways.托马斯·爱迪生一只耳朵完全失聪，另一只耳朵听力很差，但他在很多方面把自己的耳聋看作一种祝福。

S2It kept conversations short so that he could have more time for work.这使谈话变得简短，这样他就能有更多时间工作。

S3He always worked 16 out of every 24 hours.他总是每 24 小时工作 16 小时。

S4Sometimes his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat.有时他的妻子不得不提醒他睡觉和吃饭。

P5 · 伟大遗产

S1Thomas Edison died at the age of 84.托马斯·爱迪生 84 岁时去世。

S2He left a great many inventions that greatly improved the quality of life all over the world.他留下了许多发明，这些发明极大地改善了全世界的生活质量。

四、作文金句仿写

WRITING BOOST · 黑色为框架，灰色底纹为可替换词

把文中的好句子拆成“句型框架”，换上你自己的词，就能写出漂亮的句子。写人物介绍类作文时，这四句可以直接套用。

金句 1 Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light.

Thomas Edison / Yuan Longping / Tu Youyou changed the world with his invention of the electric light / his hybrid rice / her discovery of artemisinin.

仿写：Yuan Longping changed the world with his hybrid rice. 袁隆平用他的杂交水稻改变了世界。

适用：介绍伟人的贡献（开头句）。light up the world = 照亮世界／影响世界。

金句 2 He started experimenting at a young age.

He started experimenting / learning English / playing the piano at a young age.

仿写：She started learning English at a young age. 她很小就开始学英语。

适用：介绍人物早年经历。start doing sth. 后面必须用动名词。

金句 3 He always worked 16 out of every 24 hours.

He always worked 16 out of every 24 hours / practised for three hours a day / helped others in his spare time.

仿写：She always practised for three hours a day. 她总是每天练习三小时。

适用：描写勤奋刻苦。always + 一般过去时，写出长期坚持的习惯。

金句 4 He left a great many inventions that greatly improved the quality of life all over the world.

He left a great many inventions / many famous works / a lot of beautiful music that greatly improved the quality of life all over the world / encouraged young people.

仿写：He left a lot of beautiful music that encouraged young people. 他留下了许多鼓舞年轻人的美妙音乐。

适用：结尾总结人物影响。含 that 引导的定语从句，a great many 后接可数名词复数。

3

阅读理解 B · 计数方式的演变

Reading B · 16-20 · 细节理解 + 词义猜测 + 主旨概括 + 文章精读
单独打开 ↗
图例 LEGEND Q16 计数方式 Q17 线条与羊 Q18 十根手指 Q19 十进制 Q20 标题主线 题干定位词与原文同色高亮；波浪线 = 答案依据句；黄底 = 题干与原文的同义转换处

一、文章

PASSAGE · 点击任意单词可查词典

P1 It seems very natural that if you have two dollars and add two dollars to them. You have four dollars. But do you know it took men millions of years to be able to think this way? In fact, one of the most difficult things to teach children is the idea of numbers.

P2 In ancient times when a man wanted to tell how many animals he owned, he had no system of numbers to use. He put a stone into a bag for each animal. The more animals, the more stones be had. It may explain why the word “calculate” comes from the Latin word “calculus”. “Calculus” means “stone”.

P3 Then, the man used lines to count. People would just draw a line for each thing they wanted to count, but they had no word to tell the number.

P4 Later on, people used fingers. Again, we have the word that goes back to this. The word “digit” comes from the Latin word “digitus”. It means “finger”! And the fact that we have 10 fingers led to the use of 10 in the system of numbers.

P5 The number system we use today was invented by the Hindus in India thousands of years ago and was brought to Europe during the 8th to 11th century by Arab traders (商人). In this system, people count things with ten numbers: 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9. and 0. It is decimal system, that is, it is built on the base of 10.

原卷印刷说明：① P2 中 “the more stones be had” 是原卷排版错误，规范写法应为 “the more stones he had”；② 第 17 题 C 项原卷印作 “Bight”，是 “Eight” 的印刷错误，本页已按 Eight 呈现。

二、题目精析

QUESTIONS · 定位词 → 原文依据 → 选项对错原因
16

How many ways of counting things are introduced to us in the passage?

文章一共向我们介绍了多少种计数方式？

细节理解 · 信息统计
定位P2 “He put a stone into a bag for each animal.”；P3 “Then, the man used lines to count.”；P4 “Later on, people used fingers.”；P5 “The number system we use today was invented by the Hindus in India thousands of years ago.”
同义转换题干 ways of counting things（计数的方式）↔ 原文四件事：put a stone into a bag（石头）→ used lines（线条）→ used fingers（手指）→ the number system we use today（今天的数字系统）。
解析按时间顺序数一遍就有四种：① P2 用石头 ② P3 用线条 ③ P4 用手指 ④ P5 今天的数字系统（十进制）。A、B、C 三项都是“漏数”，漏掉了后面的方式。
答案D（Four）
AOne一种✗ 漏数（以偏概全）——只看到 P2 “用石头”这一种。
BTwo两种✗ 漏数——只数到石头、线条两种，漏掉了手指和今天的数字系统。
CThree三种✗ 漏数——漏掉 P5 的“今天的数字系统”（十进制）。
DFour四种✓ 石头（P2）、线条（P3）、手指（P4）、今天的数字系统（P5），一共四种。
17

If A and B each drew four lines to count their own sheep, how many sheep did they have together?

如果 A 和 B 各自画四条线来数自己的羊，他们一共有多少只羊？

细节理解 · 数字计算
定位P3 “People would just draw a line for each thing they wanted to count.” —— 一条线代表一样东西（这里是一只羊）。
同义转换题干 drew four lines ↔ 原文 draw a line（各画一条线，画四条就是四只）；题干 for their own sheep ↔ 原文 for each thing they wanted to count；题干 together = 4 + 4 = 8。
解析一条线 = 一只羊。A 画 4 条线 = 4 只羊，B 画 4 条线 = 4 只羊，两人合计 4 + 4 = 8 只。C 项 Eight 正确。
答案C（Eight）
AFour四只✗ 理解错误——4 条线只是 A（或 B）一个人的羊，没有“together”。
BSix六只✗ 计算错误——没有理由的 4 + 2，属于随意凑数。
CEight八只✓ 一条线代表一只羊，A、B 各画 4 条线，4 + 4 = 8 只。（原卷 C 项印作 Bight，系 Eight 的印刷错误。）
DTen十只✗ 张冠李戴——把 P4 “we have 10 fingers”（10 根手指）的 10 硬套到本题。
18

Why do people use 10 in the system of numbers?

为什么人们在数字系统中使用 10？

细节理解 · 因果
定位P4 “And the fact that we have 10 fingers led to the use of 10 in the system of numbers.”
同义转换题干 Why do people use 10 ↔ 原文 led to the use of 10；题干 Because we only have 10 fingers ↔ 原文 the fact that we have 10 fingers（the fact that 引出同位语从句，说明原因）。
解析原文用 lead to（导致）讲清因果：有 10 根手指这一事实 → 计数系统中使用 10。C、D 两个选项虽然在原文里出现过，但分别属于 P3 和 P2 的别的语境，不能回答“为什么用 10”。
答案B
ABecause 10 is a popular number.因为 10 是个流行的数字。✗ 无中生有——原文从未说 10 很 popular。
BBecause we only have 10 fingers.因为我们只有 10 根手指。✓ 对应原文 the fact that we have 10 fingers led to the use of 10。
CBecause we have no word to tell the number.因为我们没有词来表达这个数字。✗ 张冠李戴——这是 P3 讲“用线条计数”时的情况，不是使用 10 的原因。
DBecause we have no system of numbers to use.因为我们没有可用的数字系统。✗ 张冠李戴——这是 P2 讲古人的困境，不能回答“为什么用 10”。
19

What does “decimal system” mean in the last paragraph?

最后一段中 “decimal system” 是什么意思？

词义猜测 · 释义推断
定位P5 “It is decimal system, that is, it is built on the base of 10.” —— that is 后面就是解释。
同义转换画线词 decimal system ↔ 原文解释 built on the base of 10（以 10 为基数）；同段还有 count things with ten numbers 作旁证 = 十进制。
解析“that is” = “也就是说”，后面紧跟的 built on the base of 10 就是对 decimal system 的释义：以 10 为基数 → 十进制。做题时先看画线词前后的解释性提示（that is / means / or）。
答案C（十进制）
A数字系统number system✗ 范围过大——number system 才是“数字系统”，decimal system 只是其中一种。
B计算工具a calculating tool✗ 望文生义——因为看到 calculate 就猜“计算”，原文并未把它当作工具。
C十进制decimal system✓ 原文紧接着解释：it is built on the base of 10（以 10 为基数）。
D小数点decimal point✗ 偷换概念——“小数点”是 decimal point，与 decimal system 不是一回事。
20

Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

下列哪一项最适合作为文章的标题？

主旨大意 · 标题概括
定位标题题看全文主线：P2 首句 “In ancient times when a man wanted to tell how many animals he owned, he had no system of numbers to use.” → P3 Then → P4 Later on → P5 的 today 与十进制。按钮定位到文章开头 P1（标题题先从引入段看起）。
同义转换题干 best title ↔ 全文时间线 In ancient times → Then → Later on → today；四个阶段 石头 → 线条 → 手指 → 数字系统 合起来就是 Development of counting System（计数系统的发展）。
解析主旨题要看“贯穿全文的主线”，不能被个别细节（动物、商人、calculate）带偏。B 项时间范围太窄（只讲现代），A、C 项都是局部细节，只有 D 项概括了“从古到今的演变”。
答案D（Development of counting System）
ANumbers and trading数字与贸易✗ 以偏概全——Arab traders 只是传播者，文章并不是讲贸易。
BWays of counting in Modern Times现代的计数方式✗ 时间范围错误——文章从古代（In ancient times）讲到今天，不只是“现代”。
CAnimals and calculating动物与计算✗ 偏题——动物只是 P2 举的例子，calculating 只解释了一个词的来源。
DDevelopment of counting System计数系统的发展✓ 全文主线：石头 → 线条 → 手指 → 十进制的演变，Development 正是“发展、演变”。

三、文章精读

INTENSIVE READING · 词性套色 + 从句划线

精读说明：按《词性标注配色规则》套色——绿=谓语动词，绿底=不定式，墨绿+灰底=动名词，玫红=形容词/形容词性物主代词，玫红+粉底=分词，蓝=副词，紫=介词，橙=连词，橙底=that 类引导词，蓝底=wh- 类引导词，红=疑问词，深灰=冠词/代词/名词；句子下的橙色下划线=that 类从句，蓝色下划线=wh- 类从句。点击生词可查词典。

配色速查 谓语动词 不定式 动名词 形容词/物主代词 分词 副词 介词 连词 that 类引导词 wh- 类引导词 疑问词 冠词/代词/名词
P1 · 数字的概念

S1It seems very natural that if you have two dollars and add two dollars to them.如果你有两美元，再加上两美元，这看起来非常自然。

S2You have four dollars.你就有四美元。

S3But do you know it took men millions of years to be able to think this way?但你知道人类花了几百万年才能够这样思考吗？

S4In fact, one of the most difficult things to teach children is the idea of numbers.事实上，最难教给孩子的事情之一就是数字的概念。

P2 · 用石头计数

S1In ancient times when a man wanted to tell how many animals he owned, he had no system of numbers to use.在古代，当一个人想说出自己拥有多少动物时，他没有可用的数字系统。

S2He put a stone into a bag for each animal.他为每只动物往袋子里放一块石头。

S3The more animals, the more stones he had.动物越多，他的石头就越多。（原卷此处印作 “be had”，应为 “he had”。）

S4It may explain why the word “calculate” comes from the Latin word “calculus”.这也许能解释为什么 “calculate” 这个词来自拉丁语 “calculus”。

S5“Calculus” means “stone”.“Calculus” 的意思是“石头”。

P3 · 用线条计数

S1Then, the man used lines to count.后来，人类用线条来计数。

S2People would just draw a line for each thing they wanted to count, but they had no word to tell the number.人们只是为他们想数的每样东西画一条线，但他们没有词来表达这个数字。

P4 · 用手指计数

S1Later on, people used fingers.再后来，人们用手指计数。

S2Again, we have the word that goes back to this.同样，我们有一个词可以追溯到这一点。

S3The word “digit” comes from the Latin word “digitus”.“digit” 这个词来自拉丁语 “digitus”。

S4It means “finger”!它的意思是“手指”！

S5And the fact that we have 10 fingers led to the use of 10 in the system of numbers.而我们有 10 根手指这一事实，导致了计数系统中使用 10。

P5 · 十进制的诞生

S1The number system we use today was invented by the Hindus in India thousands of years ago and was brought to Europe during the 8th to 11th century by Arab traders (商人).我们今天使用的数字系统是几千年前由印度的印度人发明的，并在 8 至 11 世纪由阿拉伯商人带到欧洲。

S2In this system, people count things with ten numbers: 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9. and 0.在这个系统中，人们用十个数字来计数：1 到 9 以及 0。

S3It is decimal system, that is, it is built on the base of 10.它就是十进制系统，也就是说，它以 10 为基数。

四、作文金句仿写

WRITING BOOST · 黑色为框架，灰色底纹为可替换词

把文中的好句子拆成“句型框架”，换上你自己的词，就能写出漂亮的句子。

金句 1 It took men millions of years to be able to think this way.

It took men / us / the scientists millions of years / a long time / ten years to be able to think this way / finish the work / make the invention.

仿写：It took the scientists ten years to make the invention. 科学家们花了十年时间才做出这项发明。

适用：表达“花费时间做某事”（It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth.）。

金句 2 People would just draw a line for each thing they wanted to count.

People drew a line / made a mark / took a photo for each thing / animal / place they wanted to count / record / remember.

仿写：People took a photo for each place they wanted to remember. 人们为每个想记住的地方拍一张照片。

适用：说明过去反复发生的做法（would + 动词原形）。

金句 3 The fact that we have 10 fingers led to the use of 10 in the system of numbers.

The fact that we have 10 fingers / he works hard / she practises every day led to the use of 10 in the system of numbers / his success / her progress.

仿写：The fact that she practises every day led to her progress. 她每天练习这一事实带来了她的进步。

适用：表达“某事导致某结果”（The fact that ... led to ...，含同位语从句）。

4

阅读理解 C · 中国五禽戏

Reading C · 21-25 · 图文匹配 + 词义猜测 + 选非题 + 文章精读
单独打开 ↗
图例 LEGEND 21 题定位（蓝） 22 题定位（绿） 23 题定位（橙） 24 题定位（紫） 25 题定位（青） 同义替换处 题干词与原文依据同色高亮；波浪线 = 该题答案依据句；黄色高亮 = 同义替换处。点击生词可查词典。

一、文章

PASSAGE · Chinese Five-Animal Exercises（21-25）

P1 “Humans can develop certain abilities we aren’t born with by practicing animals’ movements,” the traditional Chinese Wushu lovers believed in the past, and do today.

P2 Chinese Five-Animal Exercises, also known as Wuqinxi, are the first complete set of qigong exercises following the movements of animals: monkeys, deer, birds, bears, and tigers.

P3 “The bear movements are good for the stomach. The tiger movements can reduce the pain in the back. The deer movements help reduce the fat around the waist (腰). The bird movements can help keep our knees healthy and the monkey movements can be good for the heart.” said Hua Yi, the 59th inheritor (继承人) of Wuqinxi.

P4 For those new learners, you may find it hard to focus. Wear comfortable clothes, keep peace in your mind, try to move slowly…Little by little, you’ll feel more and more harmonious with nature. You may even feel you become a tiger or a deer, walking in the forest freely.

P5 These exercises need no tools and they are easy to learn. You can search online for the videos and practice them at any time when you feel like relaxing your body and mind. Because it’s fun to practice and good for your health. Five-animal exercises are becoming more and more popular in recent years, not only in China, but also in many other places of the world.

二、题目精析

QUESTIONS 21-25 · 定位 + 同义转换 + 选项病因
21
People practice Five-Animal Exercises in order to ________.
人们练五禽戏是为了 ________。
细节理解 · 目的
定位题干关键词 in order to（为了，表目的）。依据在 P1“Humans can develop certain abilities we aren’t born with by practicing animals’ movements”（人可以通过练习动物动作来开发某些并非与生俱来的能力）以及 P5“Because it’s fun to practice and good for your health”（因为练起来有趣，而且对你的健康有好处）。
同义转换improve the health（改善健康）≈ 原文 good for your health / develop certain abilities（培养能力）。
解析“练五禽戏的目的”在原文中出现两处线索：一是能“培养并非与生俱来的能力”，二是“对健康有好处”。四个选项中只有 C 是对“对健康有好处”的同义概括。A、B、D 三项在文中找不到任何依据。
答案C．improve the health
Afight against enemies对抗敌人✗ 无中生有——全文没有一个词提到“敌人／对抗”，与五禽戏毫无关系。
Bprotect wild animals保护野生动物✗ 张冠李戴——五禽戏是“模仿”猴、鹿、鸟、熊、虎的动作（following the movements of animals），不是去保护野生动物。
Cimprove the health改善健康 ✓✓ 正确——是原文“good for your health”（对你的健康有好处）的同义表达，也正是练习五禽戏的目的。
Dplay as a group game作为一种集体游戏来玩✗ 无中生有——文中说它可以“at any time”自己练，从未说它是一种集体游戏（group game）。
22
If Alice has a heart disease, which of the following may help her a lot?
如果 Alice 患有心脏病，下面哪一项可能对她很有帮助？
细节理解 · 图文匹配
鸟式 bird 动作图 A．bird 鸟式 — 膝盖
鹿式 deer 动作图 B．deer 鹿式 — 腰部
虎式 tiger 动作图 C．tiger 虎式 — 背部
猴式 monkey 动作图（本题答案） D．monkey 猴式 — 心脏 ✓
定位题干关键词 has a heart disease（有心脏病）→ 依据在 P3“…and the monkey movements can be good for the heart.”（猴式动作对心脏有好处。）
同义转换has a heart disease（患心脏病，需要护心）→ 原文 good for the heart（对心脏有好处）；help her a lot → be good for。
解析四种动物动作各有功效，必须“对号入座”：monkey（猴式）对 heart（心脏）好；bird（鸟式）保 knees（膝盖）；deer（鹿式）减 waist（腰部）脂肪；tiger（虎式）缓解 back（背部）疼痛。Alice 有心脏病，所以她最该练猴式——对应图片 D（人模仿猴子的姿态）。
答案D．monkey（猴式）
Apicture A — bird图片 A —— 鸟式✗ 张冠李戴——鸟式是“can help keep our knees healthy”，对膝盖有好处，与心脏无关。
Bpicture B — deer图片 B —— 鹿式✗ 张冠李戴——鹿式是“help reduce the fat around the waist”，对减少腰部脂肪有好处。
Cpicture C — tiger图片 C —— 虎式✗ 张冠李戴——虎式是“can reduce the pain in the back”，对缓解背部疼痛有好处。
Dpicture D — monkey图片 D —— 猴式 ✓✓ 正确——原文“the monkey movements can be good for the heart”，猴式动作对心脏有好处，正适合有心脏病的 Alice。
23
The underlined word “harmonious” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________.
第四段中画线单词 harmonious 的意思大概是 ________。
词义猜测 · 语境推断
定位画线词在 P4“Little by little, you’ll feel more and more harmonious with nature. You may even feel you become a tiger or a deer, walking in the forest freely.”（渐渐地，你会感到与自然越来越 harmonious……你甚至会觉得自己变成了一只老虎或一只鹿，在森林里自由行走。）
同义转换harmonious with nature = 与自然和谐相处；后一句“walking in the forest freely”（在森林里自由行走）正是“和谐”这一意境的具体描写。
解析词义猜测要看搭配和上下文：more and more … with nature 是固定搭配思路——“与自然越来越……”，只能填褒义的“和谐”。同时前文“keep peace in your mind”（让内心保持平静）也提示这是一种平静融洽的状态，故 B 正确。
答案B．和谐的
A兴奋的excited✗ 望文生义——与“keep peace in your mind”（让内心保持平静）自相矛盾，harmonious 不含“兴奋”义。
B和谐的harmonious✓ 正确——与“more and more … with nature”搭配，指人与自然和谐相处，与后文“在森林里自由行走”的意境一致。
C敬畏的awe-struck / reverent✗ 无中生有——全文没有任何表示“敬畏”的词语或语境。
D感恩的grateful / thankful✗ 无中生有——文中没有“感恩”的意思，属于用汉语近义情绪词编造的干扰项。
24
Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
下列哪一项是不正确的？（选非题）
细节理解 · 选非题
定位题干 NOT TRUE = “下列哪一项与原文不符”。依据在 P5 首句“These exercises need no tools and they are easy to learn.”（这些练习不需要工具，而且容易学。）
同义转换C 项的 hard to learn and need special tools（很难学、需要特殊工具）↔ 原文 easy to learn + need no tools（容易学、不需要工具）——正好相反。
解析选非题要“逐项回原文核对”，说反了的那一项就是答案：C 把原文的“不需要工具、容易学”反过来说成“很难学、需要特殊工具”，故 C 是错误表述，也就是本题答案。A 对应 P2 的动物清单，B 对应 P3 的“鸟式保膝盖”，D 对应 P5 的“越来越受欢迎”，三项都与原文一致。
答案C．For those new learners, these exercises are hard to learn and need special tools.
AWuqinxi follows the movements of five animals: monkeys, deer, birds, bears, and tigers.五禽戏模仿猴、鹿、鸟、熊、虎五种动物的动作。表述正确，但与题意不符（本题选错误项）✓ 与原文一致——P2“following the movements of animals: monkeys, deer, birds, bears, and tigers”，表述正确，但与题意不符（本题选错误项）。
BIf you want to keep your knees healthy, you can do the bird movements.想保持膝盖健康，可以练鸟式动作。表述正确，但与题意不符（本题选错误项）✓ 与原文一致——P3“The bird movements can help keep our knees healthy”，表述正确，但与题意不符（本题选错误项）。
CFor those new learners, these exercises are hard to learn and need special tools.对初学者来说，这些练习很难学，还需要特殊工具。✗ 与原文相反 ← 本题答案✗ 与原文“need no tools and they are easy to learn”（不需要工具、容易学）相反，故为错误表述，是本题答案。
DFive-animal exercises are more and more popular in recent years.近年来五禽戏越来越受欢迎。表述正确，但与题意不符（本题选错误项）✓ 与原文一致——P5“Five-animal exercises are becoming more and more popular in recent years”，表述正确，但与题意不符（本题选错误项）。
25
What’s the best title of the passage?
这篇文章最好的标题是什么？
主旨大意 · 标题概括
定位标题题要看全文结构：P2 讲五禽戏是什么、由谁创编（“are the first complete set of qigong exercises… were created by… Hua Tuo”）；P3 讲五种动作各自的功效；P4 讲初学者的练法；P5 讲它容易学、越来越流行。
同义转换the best title → The introduction of Wuqinxi：全文 = 由来 + 功效 + 练法 + 流行，四项合起来正是一篇“介绍”。
解析标题必须能“罩住”全文。B“历史”只覆盖 P2 的华佗创编，C“好处”只覆盖 P3 的功效，D“创编”同样只是 P2 的一句话——三者都是以偏概全（把某一段的内容当成全文中心）。只有 A“五禽戏简介”能涵盖全部四段内容。
答案A．The introduction of Wuqinxi
AThe introduction of Wuqinxi五禽戏简介 ✓✓ 正确——概括全文：由来（P2）+ 功效（P3）+ 练法（P4）+ 流行（P5），是最贴切的标题。
BThe history of Wuqinxi五禽戏的历史✗ 以偏概全——“历史／创编”只是 P2 的内容，不能覆盖功效、练法与流行。
CThe advantages of Wuqinxi五禽戏的好处✗ 以偏概全——“好处／功效”只是 P3 的内容，遗漏了由来、练法与流行。
DThe creation of Wuqinxi五禽戏的创编✗ 以偏概全——“创编”（Hua Tuo, 1,800 years ago）同样只占 P2 一句，范围太小。

三、文章精读

INTENSIVE READING · 词性套色 + 从句划线 + 逐句翻译

精读说明：按《词性标注配色规则》套色——绿=谓语动词，绿底=不定式，墨绿+灰底=动名词，玫红=形容词/形容词性物主代词，玫红+粉底=分词，蓝=副词，紫=介词，橙=连词，橙底=that 类引导词，蓝底=wh- 类引导词，红=疑问词，深灰=冠词/代词/名词；句子下的橙色下划线=that 类从句，蓝色下划线=wh- 类从句。点击生词可查词典。

配色速查 谓语动词 不定式 动名词 形容词/物主代词 分词 副词 介词 连词 that 类引导词 wh- 类引导词 疑问词 冠词/代词/名词
P1 · 武术信念

S1“Humans can develop certain abilities we aren’t born with by practicing animals’ movements,” the traditional Chinese Wushu lovers believed in the past, and do today.“人类可以通过练习动物的动作来开发某些我们并非与生俱来的能力，”中国传统武术爱好者过去相信这一点，今天依然相信。

P2 · 由来与创编

S1Chinese Five-Animal Exercises, also known as Wuqinxi, are the first complete set of qigong exercises following the movements of animals: monkeys, deer, birds, bears, and tigers.中国五禽戏，又称 Wuqinxi，是第一套完整的、模仿动物动作的气功功法，这些动物包括猴子、鹿、鸟、熊和老虎。

S2They were created by one of the greatest doctors in Chinese history, Hua Tuo, more than 1,800 years ago.它们由中国历史上最伟大的医生之一华佗在 1800 多年前创编。

P3 · 五式功效

S1“The bear movements are good for the stomach.“熊式动作对胃有好处。

S2The tiger movements can reduce the pain in the back.虎式动作可以减轻背部疼痛。

S3The deer movements help reduce the fat around the waist (腰).鹿式动作有助于减少腰部脂肪。

S4The bird movements can help keep our knees healthy and the monkey movements can be good for the heart.” said Hua Yi, the 59th inheritor (继承人) of Wuqinxi.鸟式动作有助于保持膝盖健康，猴式动作对心脏有好处。”五禽戏第 59 代传承人华一说道。

P4 · 练法心境

S1For those new learners, you may find it hard to focus.对于初学者来说，你可能会觉得很难集中注意力。

S2Wear comfortable clothes, keep peace in your mind, try to move slowly…穿舒适的衣服，让内心保持平静，试着慢慢移动……

S3Little by little, you’ll feel more and more harmonious with nature.渐渐地，你会感到与自然越来越和谐。

S4You may even feel you become a tiger or a deer, walking in the forest freely.你甚至会觉得自己变成了一只老虎或一只鹿，在森林里自由地行走。

P5 · 流行世界

S1These exercises need no tools and they are easy to learn.这些练习不需要工具，而且容易学。

S2You can search online for the videos and practice them at any time when you feel like relaxing your body and mind.你可以在网上搜索视频，随时在你想要放松身心时练习它们。

S3Because it’s fun to practice and good for your health.因为练习它很有趣，而且对你的健康有好处。

S4Five-animal exercises are becoming more and more popular in recent years, not only in China, but also in many other places of the world.近年来，五禽戏越来越受欢迎，不仅在中国，在世界许多其他地方也是如此。

四、作文金句仿写

WRITING · 3 个可套用句型
金句 1 Humans can develop certain abilities we aren’t born with by practicing animals’ movements.
Humans / We / Students can develop certain abilities / new skills / good habits we aren’t born with by practicing animals’ movements / reading every day / working hard.
仿写：We can develop good habits we aren’t born with by working hard. 我们可以通过努力养成并非与生俱来的好习惯。
适用：论述“能力／习惯可以后天培养”；by doing 表示“通过做某事”，是原因／方式状语的万能结构。
金句 2 These exercises need no tools and they are easy to learn.
These exercises / This app / The game need no tools / money / special skills and they are / it is easy to learn / use / play.
仿写：This app needs no money and it is easy to use. 这个应用不花钱，而且很容易使用。
适用：介绍事物的优点（need no … and be easy to …）；注意主语是第三人称单数时动词要加 -s（needs）。
金句 3 Five-animal exercises are becoming more and more popular in recent years, not only in China, but also in many other places of the world.
Five-animal exercises / Chinese tea / Table tennis are becoming more and more popular in recent years, not only in China / Shenzhen, but also in many other places of the world / other cities.
仿写：Chinese tea is becoming more and more popular in recent years, not only in China, but also in many other places of the world. 近年来中国茶越来越受欢迎，不仅在中国，在世界许多其他地方也是如此。
适用：说明事物越来越流行（not only … but also …）；“more and more + 形容词”表示“越来越……”。

写作提示：这三个句型都来自本篇阅读原文，考场作文里可以直接替换 灰色方框 内的内容使用——论述“后天培养能力”用金句 1，介绍 App／活动／课程的优点用金句 2，写“某事物越来越流行”用金句 3。

5

六选五 · 中国算盘 The Abacus

Six of Five · 26-30 · 四步策略 + 同色关联 + 多余项辨析
单独打开 ↗

解题策略

FOUR-STEP STRATEGY
1

先做 26、28 空（细节照应最好找）

这两空有直接的“文字抓手”：26 空靠时间对照——前句是 ancient China, Rome, Egypt and Greece（古代），选项 F 用 Today（今天）与之呼应；28 空靠代词指代——选项 C 的 This 指代前句的 clear the numbers（清除数字）。先拿下这两空，信心和范围一起到手。

2

每确定一空，就划掉对应选项

六选五有 6 个选项、5 个空位，必有 1 个多余项。每确认一个就把它从选项列表里划掉（写在一旁的草稿纸上），剩下的选项越少，后面的匹配就越简单，也能顺手盯住那个被“剩下”的多余项。

3

再做 27、29 空（概括句 / 并列举例）

27 空是后句的概括句：后句 Each bead above the bar represents five while each bead below the bar represents one 在讲上下珠数值不同，选项 D 正是它的总结（Beads in the two parts have different values）；29 空与前句构成并列举例——“To represent one…”讲表示“一”，选项 A 接着讲表示“五”，一与五成对出现。

4

最后做 30 空（转折 + 话题推进）

前句说用算盘做加减 quick and easy（又快又容易），选项 E 用 However 转折，把话题从“加减”推进到“乘除”，与后句“熟练者甚至能算平方根”形成“难，但高手做得到”的递进。剩下没人要的 B 项说“算盘慢、很多人不喜欢”，与全文肯定算盘的立场相矛盾，即多余项。多余项特征：内容似乎与话题沾边，却找不到任何一处空白可以承接它；本文的 B 项还多了一层硬伤——But 与 much slower 搭配不当。

文章 + 选项区

PASSAGE + OPTIONS · 左文右选，同色关联
文章（答案已填入）点击任意单词可查词典

P1 People started using the abacus（算盘）over four thousand years ago to calculate numbers. It was used in ancient China, Rome, Egypt and Greece. 26F The Chinese abacus is called Suan Pan and is made of beads and thin rods. The beads and rods are usually kept in a wooden frame. A horizontal bar divides the abacus into upper and lower parts. The upper part has two beads on each rod and the lower parts have five beads on each rod. 27D Each bead above the bar represents five while each bead below the bar represents one. There are more than seven rods for a Chinese abacus. Starting from right to left, the first rod is one, the next rod is ten, the third rod is a hundred, etc.

P2 When using the Chinese abacus, the first thing to do is to clear the numbers. 28C When a bead above the bar is moved down, or when a bead below the bar is moved up, it becomes active and takes value. Recording numbers on an abacus is quite easy. To represent one, simply push up one bead on the first rod below the dividing bar. 29A It is quick and easy to add or subtract numbers with an abacus. 30E A really good abacus user can even calculate square roots.

选项区 · 一句一行与原文同色关联
AA five is represented by moving down one bead above the bar.五是用向下拨动横梁上方的一颗珠子来表示的。
BBut it is much slower, many people don’t like to use it.多余项但它慢得多，很多人不喜欢用它。
CThis is done by moving all beads away from the dividing bar.这是通过把所有珠子移离分隔横梁来完成的。
DBeads in the two parts have different values.这两个部分中的珠子具有不同的数值。
EHowever, it takes more time and practice to do multiplication and division.然而，做乘法和除法需要更多的时间和练习。
FToday some people still use the abacus.今天有些人仍然使用算盘。
图例 LEGEND 26 空关联（ancient → Today） 27 空关联（above the bar / below the bar → different values） 28 空关联（clear the numbers → This） 29 空关联（To represent one → A five is represented） 30 空关联（add or subtract → multiplication and division） 灰色虚线框 = 多余项

逐空解析

ANALYSIS · 每空：关联依据 + 判断理由
26答案 F
关联前句 It was used in ancient China, Rome, Egypt and Greece.（它被用于古代中国、罗马、埃及和希腊）说的是“古代”；F 项用 Today（今天）承接，构成时间对照：算盘从古代一直用到现代。
判断本空后面紧接着 The Chinese abacus is called Suan Pan…（中国的算盘叫作“算盘”），话题已从“哪些国家用过”转到“算盘本身”。F 项“今天有些人仍然使用算盘”既照应上句的 ancient，又自然引出现代仍在使用的中国算盘 → 选 F。
27答案 D
关联后句 Each bead above the bar represents five while each bead below the bar represents one.（横梁上方的每颗珠子代表五，横梁下方的每颗珠子代表一）→ D 项的 Beads in the two parts have different values 正是这句话的概括句。
判断前一句刚说完“上半部分每杆两颗珠、下半部分每杆五颗珠”，本空先对“上下两部分”作总结，再由后句给出具体数值，先总后分，衔接顺畅 → 选 D。其余选项都不涉及“上下两部分数值不同”这一信息。
28答案 C
关联前句 When using the Chinese abacus, the first thing to do is to clear the numbers.（使用中国算盘时，首先要做的是清除数字）→ C 项句首的 This 正好指代“clear the numbers”这件事。
判断前句只说了“要清零”，没说“怎么清”；C 项 This is done by moving all beads away from the dividing bar（这是通过把所有珠子移离分隔横梁来完成的）正是对“怎么清零”的回答，且 dividing bar 与上文的 bar 同指一根横梁 → 选 C。
29答案 A
关联前句 To represent one, simply push up one bead on the first rod below the dividing bar.（要表示一，只需在分隔横梁下方的第一根杆上向上推一颗珠子）讲的是“表示一”；A 项 A five is represented by moving down one bead above the bar 讲的是“表示五”，两者构成并列举例。
判断“表示一”之后必然接着“表示五”，一个向上推、一个向下拨，动作正好成对；本空之后又回到 It is quick and easy to add or subtract numbers（加减既快又容易），说明这里只插一句举例最合适 → 选 A。
30答案 E
关联前句 It is quick and easy to add or subtract numbers with an abacus.（用算盘做加减法既快捷又容易）→ E 项用 However 转折，把话题从“加减”推进到 multiplication and division（乘法和除法）。
判断E 项“然而，做乘法和除法需要更多的时间和练习”与后句 A really good abacus user can even calculate square roots（真正熟练的使用者甚至能算平方根）形成“乘除较难 → 高手仍能做到”的递进，转折与褒扬并存，逻辑完整 → 选 E。
多余项B
关联B 项 But it is much slower, many people don’t like to use it.（但它慢得多，很多人不喜欢用它）说的是算盘“慢、不受欢迎”；而全文的立场恰好相反——It is quick and easy to add or subtract numbers（加减又快又容易）、A really good abacus user can even calculate square roots（高手甚至能算平方根），前后自相矛盾。
判断再看位置：26 讲现代仍在使用、27 讲上下珠数值不同、28 讲如何清零、29 讲如何表示五、30 讲乘除需要练习，五个空各有任务，没有任何一处需要“慢、很多人不喜欢”的信息；而且 B 项自身还有硬伤（But 与 much slower 搭配不当）→ B 为多余项。
6

信息匹配 · 六座博物馆

Info Match · 31-35 · 左右双栏 + 关键词同色 + 多余项辨析
单独打开 ↗

解题策略

MATCHING STRATEGY · 圈词 → 扫读 → 比对
1

先读左边的题目，圈出关键词

先看每个人“喜欢什么、想了解什么”，把核心名词或专有名词圈出来：cars、chopsticks、space、chocolate、pencils。这五个词决定了他们各自想看哪一种博物馆，是后面比对的唯一依据。 小技巧：左栏往往用 love / enjoy / be interested in / a big fan of 引出兴趣词，紧跟其后的名词就是关键词。

2

再去右边的选项中找相同的关键词

用左栏圈出的词在右栏 A—F 快速扫读，谁的关键词重合，谁就是答案。右栏常用同义或相关表达复现同一个意思，例如 a big fan of pencils ↔ Derwent Pencil Museum / colour pencils，space / astronaut ↔ space science and technology / model spaceships。 扫读时只看名词和专有名词（博物馆名、地名、物名），不要逐词翻译整段，速度会快很多。

3

细心比对，排除干扰项

有的选项含有相似信息（如 D 讲美国亚特兰大的计算机博物馆，与“美国”沾边；E 涉及 the UK），容易混淆；只有关键词完全对应才是正确答案。最后剩下没有对应位置的选项就是多余项，不必硬塞。 注意：地名、国名只是包装，判断标准永远是“需求词”与“馆藏内容”是否一致。

配对区（答案已填入）

LEFT: 人物需求 · RIGHT: 博物馆介绍 · 同色 = 关键词对应

题目要求：下面的材料 A—F 介绍了六座博物馆。请你根据五个人的信息，选出他们最可能感兴趣的博物馆，并将其标号填入题前括号内。（共 5 小题，每小题 1 分）
导语：本文主要介绍了六座博物馆以及五个人的信息。

左栏 · 人物需求5 题
31 Simon loves cars. He enjoys collecting all kinds of cars. He wants to visit a place full of cars and he also wants to learn about the history of cars.
中文：西蒙喜欢汽车，他喜欢收集各种汽车。他想参观一个到处都是汽车的地方，而且他还想了解汽车的历史。 B
32 Susan is an exchange student in China. She thinks the chopsticks are very useful in our daily life. She hopes to learn more about chopsticks.
中文：苏珊是在中国的交换生，她认为筷子在我们的日常生活中非常有用，她希望了解更多关于筷子的知识。 A
33 Paul has been interested in space since he was very young. He dreams of becoming an astronaut and working in the space station one day.
中文：保罗从小就对太空感兴趣，他梦想有一天成为一名宇航员并在空间站工作。 F
34 Betty likes sweet food and chocolate is her favourite. Next week, she will hand in a report about food, and she plans to write about chocolate.
中文：贝蒂喜欢甜食，巧克力是她的最爱。下周她要交一份关于食物的报告，她打算写关于巧克力的内容。 C
35 Peter lives in the UK. He is a big fan of pencils. He has all kinds of pencils in different colours. He would like to learn more about pencils.
中文：彼得住在英国，他是个铅笔迷。他有各种不同颜色的铅笔，他想更多地了解铅笔。 E
右栏 · 博物馆介绍6 项 · 1 项多余
A The Shanghai Chopsticks Museum
It might be the smallest museum in Shanghai. It was founded in 1988 by collector Lan Xiang. There are over 800 different kinds of chopsticks in it. People can learn about the history of chopsticks.
中文：上海筷子博物馆——它可能是上海最小的博物馆，由收藏家蓝翔于 1988 年创立，馆内有 800 多种不同的筷子，人们可以了解筷子的历史。
B Beijing Auto Museum
The museum was built in 2011 and it collects more than 70 cars made in China and other countries. There are four parts in the Hall of Innovation, Birth and Development, On the Wheels of History, Auto in China and Auto World.
中文：北京汽车博物馆——该馆建于 2011 年，收藏了 70 多辆中国和其他国家制造的汽车。馆内分为四个部分：创新馆、诞生与发展、历史的车轮、中国汽车和汽车世界。
C Chocolate Museum
In most museums, there is no food, and you must not touch anything. But it’s different in the Chocolate Museum in Malaysia. You can experience the whole process (过程) of making chocolate, and eat delicious chocolate in the museum.
中文：巧克力博物馆——多数博物馆内没有食物，也不允许触摸任何东西，但马来西亚的巧克力博物馆不同。你可以体验制作巧克力的全过程，并在馆内吃到美味的巧克力。
D Computer Museum of America
It is in Atlanta. Visitors can learn about the history of different computers here. It also offers some new ideas about the future of the computer.
中文：美国计算机博物馆——位于亚特兰大。参观者可以在这里了解不同计算机的历史，也能获得关于计算机未来的一些新想法。 多余项
E Derwent Pencil Museum
It is located in Keswick, England and it is the home of the first pencil. It has one of the largest colour pencils in the world, measuring almost 8 metres. You can see some machines used in the different stages of production, too.
中文：德温特铅笔博物馆——位于英国凯斯维克，是第一支铅笔的故乡。它拥有世界上最大的彩色铅笔之一，长约 8 米。你还能看到用于不同生产阶段的一些机器。
F China Space Museum
China Space Museum is the earliest professional exhibition hall of space science and technology in China and the largest in Asia. Visitors can not only see all kinds of model spaceships here but also experience the sleeping bag.
中文：中国航天博物馆——中国航天博物馆是中国最早、亚洲最大的航天科技专业展厅。参观者不仅能在这里看到各种飞船模型，还能体验睡袋。
31↔B cars / Auto Museum 32↔A chopsticks 33↔F space / spaceships 34↔C chocolate 35↔E pencils / colour pencils 灰色虚线框 = 多余项

逐题关键词对照

KEY WORDS · 31-35 · 多余项 D
31 答案 B
关键词照应左栏 cars / collecting all kinds of cars / the history of cars ↔ 右栏 Beijing Auto Museum / collects more than 70 cars / Auto in China。三处 car 类词汇全部落在 B 项。
判断根据 “Simon loves cars. He enjoys collecting all kinds of cars. He wants to visit a place full of cars and he also wants to learn about the history of cars” 可知西蒙想参观一个到处都是汽车的地方，他也想了解汽车的历史。A—F 中只有 B 是汽车博物馆，且馆藏“70 多辆中国和其他国家制造的汽车”，正是“a place full of cars”，还专门设有“历史的车轮”“中国汽车”展区，与“了解汽车历史”完全对应。故选 B。
32 答案 A
关键词照应左栏 chopsticks / very useful in our daily life ↔ 右栏 The Shanghai Chopsticks Museum / over 800 different kinds of chopsticks / the history of chopsticks。同一个词 chopsticks 直接复现。
判断根据 “Susan is an exchange student in China. She thinks the chopsticks are very useful in our daily life. She hopes to learn more about chopsticks” 可知苏珊希望学习更多关于筷子的知识。“learn more about chopsticks” 对应 A 项的 “learn about the history of chopsticks”，且馆内有 “over 800 different kinds of chopsticks”，是唯一讲筷子的博物馆。故选 A。
33 答案 F
关键词照应左栏 space / astronaut / the space station ↔ 右栏 China Space Museum / space science and technology / model spaceships。同属“太空、航天”这一语义场。
判断根据 “Paul has been interested in space since he was very young. He dreams of becoming an astronaut and working in the space station one day” 可知保罗从小对太空感兴趣，梦想成为宇航员并在空间站工作。F 项 “China Space Museum” 是中国最早、亚洲最大的航天科技专业展厅，游客能看到各种飞船模型，与“太空、宇航员”完全吻合。故选 F。
34 答案 C
关键词照应左栏 sweet food / chocolate / a report about food ↔ 右栏 Chocolate Museum / making chocolate / eat delicious chocolate。“要写关于食物的报告”与“巧克力制作全过程”对应。
判断根据 “Betty likes sweet food and chocolate is her favourite. Next week, she will hand in a report about food, and she plans to write about chocolate” 可知贝蒂要为食物报告写巧克力。C 项巧克力博物馆可以体验制作巧克力的全过程、还能吃到美味的巧克力，正好为她的报告提供素材。故选 C。
35 答案 E
关键词照应左栏 lives in the UK / a big fan of pencils / all kinds of pencils in different colours ↔ 右栏 Derwent Pencil Museum / Keswick, England / colour pencils。人物所在地 UK 与 England 呼应，pencils 与 colour pencils 呼应。
判断根据 “Peter lives in the UK. He is a big fan of pencils. He has all kinds of pencils in different colours. He would like to learn more about pencils” 可知彼得想更多地了解铅笔。E 项位于英国凯斯维克，是第一支铅笔的故乡，还有长约 8 米的世界最大彩色铅笔之一，并展示生产不同阶段使用的机器，与“不同颜色的铅笔”“了解更多铅笔知识”高度一致。故选 E。
多余项 D 为什么多余
关键词照应D 项 Computer Museum of America 讲的是 the history of different computers 与 the future of the computer，核心词是 computer，位置在 Atlanta（美国）。而左栏五个人的关键词依次是 cars→B、chopsticks→A、space / astronaut→F、chocolate / sweet food→C、pencils / UK→E。
判断五个人中没有任何一位提到 computer、计算或电脑，D 项的关键词在左栏找不到对应需求，所以它没有配对位置，是多余项。特别提醒：C 项与 D 项都涉及 America（D 在 Atlanta，C 在 Malaysia 的表述容易与“美国”混淆），但不要被地名干扰——第 34 题的判断依据是 chocolate / sweet food，与 computers 无关。
7

语法填空 · 涂鸦与壁画 Graffiti

Grammar Fill · 36-45 · 答案填入 + 逐空解析 + 文章精读 + 语法精讲
单独打开 ↗
图例 LEGEND 填入的官方答案 括号里的提示词（原词） 黄色高亮 = 需要填进空格的答案；蓝色虚线框 = 题干给出的提示词，必须变形后再填入

一、文章（答案已填入）

PASSAGE · 黄色 = 答案 · 蓝框 = 提示词 · 点击生词可查词典

语法填空要点：① 有提示词的，先判断要填的词性——名词看单复数、动词看时态/语态/非谓语、形容词看比较级・最高级或变副词；② 没有提示词的，多是介词、冠词、代词、连词、引导词等虚词，靠上下文逻辑和固定搭配判断；③ 填完把答案放回原文，检查语法与语义是否都通顺。

P1 If you ask people what they think of graffiti (涂鸦), many people consider it to be vandalism (故意破坏), but some actually 36 (actual) like the pictures or words painted on walls and think of it as an art form. Interestingly, wall painting has been there in different forms for 37 40,000 years. During ancient times, humans 38 (human) used to paint pictures of wild animals or people on the walls and ceilings of caves (洞穴). There are many guesses about the reasons for creating these pictures, but nobody knows 39 (know) for sure. It is believed that they were not just used to make 40 (make) the living areas charming. Many experts believe that cave paintings may have been a 41 way of communicating with others.

P2 Today street art is hardly seen in art shows, but 42 works of art in public places are still popular with painters. They use the streets as their 43 (they) galleries to communicate with the public. There are even a few walls in some places where graffiti is encouraged. One of the most famous 44 (famous) ones was the John Lennon Wall in Prague in the Czech Republic. It was filled 45 (fill) with graffiti about lyrics from the Beatles’ songs. It was popular for over twenty years. But in 2000, it was painted over with a single color.

二、逐空解析

ANALYSIS · 每空：考点 → 解析 → 答案
36词性转换 · 副词actually
考点修饰动词要用副词，形容词 actual 不能直接修饰动词。
解析空处紧跟在主语 some 之后、谓语动词 like 之前，作状语修饰 like，所以要用副词 actually（＝确实、实际上）。句意：……但也有些人确实喜欢画在墙上的图画或文字。
37介词 · 时间状语for
考点现在完成时 + for + 时间段；since + 时间点。
解析本句谓语是 has been（现在完成时），空后是 40,000 years（一段时间），表示“持续了四万年”，所以用介词 for。如果后面是 2018 这类具体时间点，才用 since。
38名词复数humans
考点可数名词复数表泛指。
解析此处泛指古代“人类”这一整类，human 是可数名词，泛指一类要用复数 humans。它作从句/句子主语，所以后面用 used to paint（复数主语，情态用法 used to 后接动词原形）。
39主谓一致knows
考点不定代词作主语 → 谓语用第三人称单数。
解析本句是一般现在时，主语是不定代词 nobody（没有人），视为单数，所以谓语要用单三形式 knows。注意 but 前是另一个分句 There are many guesses…，它的复数不影响后一分句的主谓一致。
40非谓语 · 不定式to make
考点be used to do sth. ＝ 被用来做某事（被动结构）。
解析主语 they 指洞穴壁画，壁画是“被用来”让居住区域变得迷人的，所以用被动结构 be used to do sth.；空前已有 were not just used，空处只填动词不定式 to make。三个形近结构务必分清：used to do＝过去常常做；be used to do＝被用来做；be used to doing＝习惯于做。
41冠词a
考点不定冠词表泛指；a / an 看发音不看字母。
解析way 是可数名词单数，这里泛指“（交流的）一种方式”，要用不定冠词；way 以辅音音素 /w/ 开头，所以用 a，不用 an。
42连词 · 转折but
考点并列连词 but 连接两个分句，表转折。
解析前半句说“如今街头艺术在艺术展览中几乎见不到”，后半句说“公共场所的艺术作品仍然受到画家的欢迎”，前后语意相反，构成转折；空前是逗号、两个分句直接相连，所以用并列连词 but。此处不能用 however：however 是连接副词，不能这样直接连接两个分句（详见第三节）。
43代词 · 形容词性物主代词their
考点物主代词修饰名词，作定语。
解析空后是名词 galleries，需要用 they 的形容词性物主代词 their 来修饰，表示“他们（自己）的画廊”。they 是主格、them 是宾格，都不能放在名词前作定语。
44形容词最高级the most famous
考点one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词。
解析结构是 One of ____ ones：the 已给出、ones 是复数代词，中间只能放形容词最高级。famous 是多音节形容词，最高级用 most famous，且前面必须加 the，所以填 the most famous。另外 one of… 作主语时谓语用单数，所以后文是 was the John Lennon Wall。
45被动语态 · 一般过去时was filled
考点be filled with ＝ 充满；一般过去时的被动语态。
解析主语 It 指约翰·列侬墙，墙是“被画满”涂鸦的，动作承受者是主语，所以用被动语态 be filled with。由后文 It was popular for over twenty years. 和 But in 2000, it was painted over… 可知全文叙述过去的事情，用一般过去时；主语是单数 It，be 动词用 was，故填 was filled。

三、语法辨析 · but 与 however

WHY 42 = BUT · 连词 vs 连接副词
原句第 42 空所在句but
定位Today street art is hardly seen in art shows, but works of art in public places are still popular with painters.
解析逗号前是第一个分句（街头艺术几乎见不到），逗号后是第二个分句（公共场所的艺术作品仍受欢迎），两个分句由一个逗号直接相连，中间缺一个能“连接分句”的词 → 只能用并列连词 but。
but并列连词 conj.
词性并列连词（coordinating conjunction），与 and / or / so / for 同类。
用法① 直接连接两个并列成分或两个分句，位置固定在两者中间；② 前面通常有逗号（A, but B.），但 but 后面不加逗号；③ 它不能单独放在句首引导一个独立句子（口语中偶见，书面语不规范），也不能像副词那样在句中、句尾自由移动。
例句He is old, but he works hard. 他年纪大了，但工作很努力。／ It is cheap but useful. 它便宜但很实用。
however连接副词 adv.
词性副词（conjunctive adverb），起“连接”作用，但本身不是连词。
用法① 不能直接连接两个分句，前后要用句号或分号隔开：A. However, B. 或 A; however, B.；② 后面常有逗号；③ 位置灵活，可放句首（However, …）、句中（…, however, …）、句尾（…, however.）。
例句He is old. However, he works hard. 他年纪大了。然而，他工作很努力。／ He is old; he works hard, however. 他年纪大了；不过他工作很努力。
对比一张表看懂
对比项buthowever
词性并列连词 conj.连接副词 adv.
能否连接两个分句能，直接连：A, but B.不能直接连，必须断开：A. However, B.
标点前面常有逗号，后面不加逗号后面常有逗号；前面用句号或分号
位置只能放两个分句中间句首 / 句中 / 句尾都可以
本文 42 空✓ 空前是逗号、两个分句直接相连 → 填 but✗ 若用 however，原句须改成 … in art shows. However, works of art…
口诀看标点选词：“句首 + 逗号”选 However；“逗号 + 直接接分句”选 but。本句是后者，所以 42 空只能填 but。

四、文章精读

INTENSIVE READING · 词性套色 + 从句划线

精读说明：按《词性标注配色规则》套色——绿=谓语动词，绿底=不定式，墨绿+灰底=动名词，玫红=形容词/形容词性物主代词，玫红+粉底=分词，蓝=副词，紫=介词，橙=连词，橙底=that 类引导词，蓝底=wh- 类引导词，红=疑问词，深灰=冠词/代词/名词；句子下的橙色下划线=that 类从句，蓝色下划线=wh- 类从句。点击生词可查词典。

配色速查 谓语动词 不定式 动名词 形容词/物主代词 分词 副词 介词 连词 that 类引导词 wh- 类引导词 疑问词 冠词/代词/名词
P1 · 涂鸦算不算艺术

S1If you ask people what they think of graffiti (涂鸦), many people consider it to be vandalism (故意破坏), but some actually like the pictures or words painted on walls and think of it as an art form.如果你问人们对涂鸦的看法，很多人认为它是一种破坏行为，但也有些人确实喜欢画在墙上的图画或文字，把它当作一种艺术形式。

S2Interestingly, wall painting has been there in different forms for 40,000 years.有趣的是，壁画以不同的形式已经存在了四万年。

S3During ancient times, humans used to paint pictures of wild animals or people on the walls and ceilings of caves (洞穴).在古代，人类常常在洞穴的墙壁和天花板上画野生动物或人的图画。

S4There are many guesses about the reasons for creating these pictures, but nobody knows for sure.关于创作这些图画的原因有许多猜测，但没有人确切知道。

S5It is believed that they were not just used to make the living areas charming.人们认为它们并不只是被用来让居住区域变得迷人。

S6Many experts believe that cave paintings may have been a way of communicating with others.许多专家认为，洞穴壁画可能是与他人交流的一种方式。

P2 · 街头艺术今昔

S1Today street art is hardly seen in art shows, but works of art in public places are still popular with painters.如今，街头艺术在艺术展览中几乎见不到，但公共场所的艺术作品仍然受到画家的欢迎。

S2They use the streets as their galleries to communicate with the public.他们把街道当作自己的画廊来与公众交流。

S3There are even a few walls in some places where graffiti is encouraged.在一些地方，甚至有少数几面墙是鼓励涂鸦的。

S4One of the most famous ones was the John Lennon Wall in Prague in the Czech Republic.其中最著名的一面是捷克共和国布拉格的约翰·列侬墙。

S5It was filled with graffiti about lyrics from the Beatles’ songs.它上面画满了关于披头士乐队歌曲歌词的涂鸦。

S6It was popular for over twenty years.它流行了二十多年。

S7But in 2000, it was painted over with a single color.但在 2000 年，它被用单一颜色覆盖了。

五、作文金句仿写

WRITING · 用本文句型写出自己的句子
金句 1If you ask people what they think of graffiti, many people consider it to be vandalism, but some actually like the pictures or words painted on walls.
框架：If you ask people what they think of graffiti / online classes / homework, many people consider it to be vandalism / a waste of time / boring, but some actually like the pictures or words painted on walls / learning online / doing it.
仿写：If you ask people what they think of online classes, many people consider them to be a waste of time, but some actually like learning online.
如果你问人们对网课的看法，很多人认为它浪费时间，但有些人确实喜欢在线学习。
适用：引出“同一个话题存在不同看法”，先让步再转折，议论文开头很好用。
金句 2Interestingly, wall painting has been there in different forms for 40,000 years.
框架：Interestingly, wall painting / Chinese tea / paper cutting has been there in different forms for 40,000 years / thousands of years.
仿写：Interestingly, paper cutting has been there in different forms for thousands of years.
有趣的是，剪纸以不同的形式已经存在了几千年。
适用：介绍历史悠久的事物（现在完成时 + for + 时间段），常用于传统文化类作文。
金句 3It is believed that they were not just used to make the living areas charming.
框架：It is believed that they / the paintings / the walls were not just used to make the living areas charming / decorate the room.
仿写：It is believed that the wall was not just used to decorate the room.
人们认为这面墙并不只是用来装饰房间。
适用：表达“普遍看法、公认观点”，It is believed that … 比 Many people think … 更书面。
金句 4One of the most famous ones was the John Lennon Wall in Prague in the Czech Republic.
框架：One of the most famous ones / places / people was the John Lennon Wall / the Great Wall / Yuan Longping in Prague / Beijing.
仿写：One of the most famous places was the Great Wall in Beijing.
最著名的地方之一是北京的长城。
适用：介绍“最……之一”，注意 one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词，谓语用单数。

仿写建议：先把框架里的灰色 slot 换成自己的内容，再读一遍检查——① 最高级前有没有 the；② 名词有没有用复数；③ 谓语动词有没有跟真正的主语保持一致。

六、语法精讲精练

GRAMMAR · 本文 5 个必考语法点 + 综合小测 8 题

1. 现在完成时 + for / since

PRESENT PERFECT · FOR / SINCE
结构：have / has + 过去分词，表示动作从过去一直持续到现在，并对现在有影响。for + 时间段（for 40,000 years），since + 时间点（since 2019）。看到 for / since 引导的时间状语，先想现在完成时；主语是第三人称单数时用 has。
①Interestingly, wall painting has been there in different forms for 40,000 years.
有趣的是，壁画以不同的形式已经存在了四万年。
②He has lived here since 2019.
他从 2019 年起就住在这里。（since 后接时间点）
③They have known each other for ten years.
他们互相认识已经十年了。（for 后接时间段）

即时练习

①Wall painting ____ (be) there for 40,000 years.
②He ____ (live) here since 2019.
③They ____ (know) each other for ten years.
查看答案与解析

① has been：主语 Wall painting 是单数，for 40,000 years 是时间段，用现在完成时 has + been。
② has lived：主语 He 是第三人称单数，since 2019 是时间点，用现在完成时 has + lived。
③ have known：主语 They 是复数，用 have + known，know 的过去分词是 known。

2. used to do / be used to do / be used to doing

THREE LOOK-ALIKES
三个形近结构必须分清：① used to do sth.＝过去常常做某事（现在已经不做了），used 是情态用法，to 后接动词原形；② be used to do sth.＝被用来做某事（被动语态，主语通常是物，to 后接动词原形）；③ be used to doing sth.＝习惯于做某事（这里的 to 是介词，后面接动名词）。判断口诀：先看主语是“人”还是“物”，再看 to 后面是原形还是 -ing。
①During ancient times, humans used to paint pictures of wild animals or people.
在古代，人类常常画野生动物或人的图画。（过去常常做）
②It is believed that they were not just used to make the living areas charming.
人们认为它们并不只是被用来让居住区域变得迷人。（被用来做）
③She is used to reading before sleep.
她习惯睡前阅读。（习惯于做，to 是介词，后接动名词）

即时练习

①He ____ (get) up early when he was young.
②Wood ____ (make) paper.
③She is used to ____ (read) before sleep.
查看答案与解析

① used to get：when he was young 说明是“过去常常”，用 used to + 动词原形。
② is used to make：主语 Wood 是物，木头“被用来”造纸，用被动结构 be used to do，主语不可数名词单数用 is。
③ reading：be used to doing 表示“习惯于做”，to 是介词，后面用动名词 reading。

3. one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词

ONE OF THE + SUPERLATIVE
表示“最……的之一”，结构是 one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词：最高级前必须加 the，后面的名词必须用复数。注意：这个短语作主语时，中心词是 One，所以谓语动词要用单数——One of the most famous ones was …。
①One of the most famous ones was the John Lennon Wall in Prague in the Czech Republic.
其中最著名的一面是捷克共和国布拉格的约翰·列侬墙。（主语中心词是 One，谓语用 was）
②He is one of the best students in our class.
他是我们班最好的学生之一。（名词用复数 students）
③Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.
北京是中国最大的城市之一。（最高级前有 the，city 用复数 cities）

即时练习

①He is one of the best ____ (student) in our class.
②Beijing is one of the ____ (large) cities in China.
③One of my ____ (friend) ____ (come) from Shenzhen.
查看答案与解析

① students：one of the best + 复数名词，student 变 students。
② largest：the 与复数名词 cities 之间要用最高级，large 以不发音的 e 结尾，直接加 -st 得 largest。
③ friends；comes：one of my + 复数名词，故用 friends；主语中心词是 One，谓语用单三 comes。

4. be filled with ＝ be full of（被动语态 + 一般过去时）

BE FILLED WITH · PASSIVE VOICE
be filled with sth. ＝ be full of sth.＝“充满某物”。当主语是物、是动作的承受者时，要用被动语态 be + 过去分词；本文叙述过去的事，所以用 was / were + 过去分词：主语单数用 was，复数用 were。同类被动表达还有 was painted over（被涂盖）、is believed（被认为）、is seen（被看见）、is encouraged（被鼓励）、were used（被使用）。
①It was filled with graffiti about lyrics from the Beatles’ songs.
它上面画满了关于披头士乐队歌曲歌词的涂鸦。
②But in 2000, it was painted over with a single color.
但在 2000 年，它被用单一颜色覆盖了。
③The room was filled with smoke yesterday.
昨天房间里满是烟。（yesterday 说明用一般过去时）

即时练习

①The room ____ (fill) with smoke yesterday.
②Her eyes ____ (fill) with tears.
③The wall ____ (paint) last year.
查看答案与解析

① was filled：主语 The room 是单数，动作承受者，yesterday 表示过去，用 was + filled。
② were filled：主语 Her eyes 是复数，用 were + filled。
③ was painted：主语 The wall 是单数，墙是“被粉刷”的，last year 表示过去，用 was + painted。

5. 主谓一致 + 副词修饰动词 + 名词复数

AGREEMENT · ADVERB · PLURAL
本文三个高频小考点：① 不定代词（nobody / everybody / someone / anybody）作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数：nobody knows。② 修饰动词要用副词，不能用形容词：some actually like…（不是 actual）。③ 泛指“人类”时要用名词复数：humans used to paint…。
①There are many guesses about the reasons for creating these pictures, but nobody knows for sure.
关于创作这些图画的原因有许多猜测，但没有人确切知道。（nobody 作主语，谓语用单三）
②… but some actually like the pictures or words painted on walls …
……但也有些人确实喜欢画在墙上的图画或文字。（actually 是副词，修饰动词 like）
③During ancient times, humans used to paint pictures of wild animals or people.
在古代，人类常常画野生动物或人的图画。（humans 用复数泛指人类）

即时练习

①Nobody ____ (know) the answer.
②He speaks English ____ (good).
③____ (human) have lived here for years.
查看答案与解析

① knows：nobody 是不定代词，视为单数，谓语用单三 knows。
② well：修饰动词 speaks 要用副词，good 是形容词，其副词形式是 well。
③ Humans：泛指人类用复数 Humans，且句首首字母要大写，谓语 have lived 也是复数形式。

综合小测（8 题）

1I ____ in Shenzhen for ten years. A. live B. have lived C. am living
2— When did you come? — I ____ here since 2020. A. am B. was C. have been
3He ____ get up late, but now he gets up early. A. used to B. is used to C. was used to
4The knife ____ cutting bread. A. is used to B. is used for C. used to
5She is one of the ____ students in our school. A. clever B. cleverest C. more clever
6The bottle ____ with water. A. fills B. is filled C. filling
7Nobody ____ what happened. A. know B. knows C. knowing
8He did the work ____ . A. careful B. carefully C. care
查看 8 题答案与解析

1. B　for ten years 是时间段，与现在完成时连用 → have lived。live 是一般现在时，am living 是现在进行时，都不能和 for + 时间段搭配。
2. C　since 2020 是时间点，用现在完成时 → have been。A、B 都是一般时态，无法表示“从 2020 年持续到现在”。
3. A　but now he gets up early 说明“过去常常晚起”，用 used to do → used to get up late。B、C 都表示“习惯于”，与 now 的对比不符。
4. B　is used for doing sth. ＝被用来做某事，for 是介词，后接动名词 cutting → is used for。A 项 is used to 后应接动名词时表示“习惯于”，句意不通；C 项 used to 后接动词原形，与 cutting 不搭。
5. B　one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 → the cleverest students。A 项缺最高级，C 项 more clever 是比较级，不能用在 one of the 之后。
6. B　瓶子是“被装满”的，用被动语态 be filled with → is filled。A 项 fills 是主动，C 项 filling 不能单独作谓语。
7. B　nobody 是不定代词，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数 → knows。A 项是原形，C 项是非谓语，都不能作谓语。
8. B　修饰动词 did 要用副词 → carefully。A、C 分别是形容词和名词，不能修饰动词。

一句话总结：语法填空先看括号里的提示词定词性——名词管单复数、动词管时态语态与非谓语、形容词管比较等级或变副词；没有提示词就先想介词、冠词、代词、连词和引导词。填完把答案放回原文，语法和语义都通才算对。
✓

答案速查 · 全卷 45 题

Answer Key · 对照自测后再看逐题解析，效果更好

一、选择题（第Ⅰ卷 1-35 题）

MULTIPLE CHOICE
题号12345678910
完形填空CBBDCACBBA
题号11121314151617181920
阅读 A / BBDADCDCBCD
题号21222324252627282930
阅读 C / 六选五CDBCAFDCAE
题号3132333435多余项
信息匹配BAFCE六选五多余项 B；信息匹配多余项 D

二、语法填空（第Ⅱ卷 36-45 题）

GRAMMAR FILL
题号3637383940
答案actuallyforhumansknowsto make
题号4142434445
答案abuttheirthe most famouswas filled
提示：36 空 actual → actually（副词修饰动词 like）；37 空 for + 时间段（现在完成时标志）；39 空主语是不定代词 nobody，谓语用单三 knows；40 空 be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”；44 空 one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词；45 空 be filled with 的一般过去时被动语态。

三、书面表达（15 分）范文要点

WRITING

题目：以 “A great composer—Beethoven” 为题介绍贝多芬（约 80 词）。

Ludwig van Beethoven was a famous German musician, pianist and composer. He was born on December 16, 1770. He showed great talent in music from an early age. He could play the piano when he was only four. When he was in his twenties, he began to lose his hearing. But he didn’t give up. He created lots of beautiful music in his life.
I think Beethoven was a great person. We all should learn from him and never give up hope when we meet difficulties.

亮点句式：① He showed great talent in music from an early age.（show talent in…）；② When he was in his twenties, he began to lose his hearing.（when 引导时间状语从句 / in one’s twenties）；③ I think Beethoven was a great person.（省略 that 的宾语从句）；④ We all should learn from him and never give up hope when we meet difficulties.（when 引导时间状语从句）。
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艾宾浩斯词汇记忆本 · 导出 PDF

Vocabulary Memory Book · 本套 49 词汇 + 49 词组 · A4 竖版 4 页 · 英文/中文/默写①/默写②
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艾宾浩斯记忆本 · 词汇打卡表

EBBINGHAUS MEMORY BOOK
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