GRADE 9 · UNIT 1 · 沪教牛津版（深圳专用）

九年级上册 Unit 1 Great people · 单元自测全题型精读

完形填空 · 阅读理解 A/B/C · 阅读还原 · 信息匹配 · 语法填空 —— 瀑布流总览，点击上方导航直达对应练习

7 个部分 · 45 题答案 + 逐题解析词性套色精读 作文金句仿写点击查词典逐句朗读
1

完形填空 · 苏轼 Su Shi

Cloze Test · 10 空（1-10）· 答案填入 + 逐题解析 + 文章精读 + 作文金句
单独打开 ↗
图例 LEGEND 填入的正确答案 上文线索（蓝波浪线） 下文线索（绿波浪线） 蓝波浪线 = 该空答案的依据在上文；绿波浪线 = 依据在下文

一、完整文章（答案已填入）

PASSAGE · 浅黄 = 填入的正确答案，波浪线 = 上下文线索

P1 Su Shi is familiar to us because we often study his ci in textbooks. He is remembered as one of the Eight Great Prose Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties.

p2 After becoming an official, Su Shi faced many challenges1. Other officials spoke badly2 of him, and as a result, he was demoted (贬谪) to serve in distant areas. However, he remained brave3 through these difficulties.

p3 First, he was sent to Huangzhou. There, he farmed land called Dongpo—a name4 that later became his nickname. It’s said that he even invented Dongpo Pork around5 that time. Many of his famous poems were also written there.

p4 Later, he was sent to Danzhou. Though6 he found the weather hot and the dialect (方言) difficult, he didn’t give up. Instead, he set up7 schools and made friends with locals.

p5 Su Shi left behind8 valuable cultural heritage. His poems encourage9 people to stay hopeful even in hard times. As Lin Yutang said, Su Shi was an optimist (乐天派), a friend of the people, and a true master—someone we can still admire10 today.

二、逐题解析

WHY · 为什么选它，另外三项为什么不行
1

After becoming an official, Su Shi faced many challenges.

成为官员后，苏轼面临许多挑战。

名词辨析 · 下文线索
考点名词词义辨析：四个词都表示抽象或具体的事物，要用后文交代的处境来判断。
解析空格前的 faced（面对）需要接一个“难对付的事”。紧接的下文说 he was demoted to serve in distant areas（被贬到偏远地区任职）——被贬官、去远方，正是巨大的挑战，所以填 challenges。changes（变化）中性，被贬官不是简单的“变化”；truths（真理）与“面对”不搭；items（物品）更与仕途坎坷无关。
答案A. challenges
Achallenges挑战 ✓✓ 与下文“被贬到偏远地区任职”的艰难处境完全照应，faced many challenges 搭配自然。
Bchanges变化✗ “变化”是中性词，无法体现被贬官的坎坷与压力。
Ctruths真理✗ 望文生义，“面对真理”不合逻辑，全文与“真理”无关。
Ditems物品，项目✗ 偷换概念，把仕途困境说成“物品”，语义不通。
2

Other officials spoke badly of him, and as a result, he was demoted.

其他官员说了他不少坏话，结果他被贬官。

副词辨析 · 固定搭配 speak badly of
考点副词辨析 + 固定搭配 speak badly of sb.（说某人坏话）与因果逻辑。
解析空格修饰 spoke，且后面跟了 of him。下文 as a result, he was demoted（结果他被贬官）说明这些官员说的绝不是好话，只能是 badly（恶意地、不好地），构成“说坏话 → 被贬”的因果链。happily（高兴地）与“被贬”矛盾；simply（仅仅）语意太弱且不成搭配；highly 虽有 speak highly of，但那是说好话，与后文结果相反。
答案B. badly
Ahappily高兴地，愉快地✗ 说人“高兴的好话”不会导致自己被贬，与 as a result 冲突。
Bbadly不好地，恶意地 ✓✓ 固定搭配 speak badly of sb. 意为“说某人坏话”，正好解释了下文被贬的原因。
Csimply仅仅，只✗ 表程度轻，不能表达“恶意中伤”，且 speak simply of 不表示“说坏话”。
Dhighly高度地，很✗ 张冠李戴：speak highly of 是“高度赞扬”，与“被贬官”的结果自相矛盾。
3

However, he remained brave through these difficulties.

然而，在这些困难中他依然勇敢。

形容词辨析 · 人物性格
考点形容词辨析，配合转折词 However 判断人物性格。
解析remained 是系动词，后面要接形容词作表语。前文说他被贬到远方（蓝波浪线上文），这里用 However 一转：处境很糟，他却“依然……”，因此只能是 brave（勇敢的）。下文 As Lin Yutang said, Su Shi was an optimist 也印证了他的坚韧乐观。silent（沉默的）、angry（生气的）、lazy（懒惰的）都与全文“乐观、不屈、有所作为”的形象相悖。
答案A. brave
Abrave勇敢的 ✓✓ However 转折 + 后文 optimist（乐天派）共同指向“身处逆境仍勇敢”。
Bsilent沉默的，不说话的✗ 无中生有：他后来还办学、交友、写诗，绝非沉默退缩。
Cangry生气的，愤怒的✗ 与“乐天派”“人民之友”的形象完全相反。
Dlazy懒惰的✗ 他在黄州耕东坡、在儋州办学校，是最勤奋的一类人。
4

There, he farmed land called Dongpo—a name that later became his nickname.

他在那里耕种一块叫“东坡”的土地——一个后来成为他名号的名字。

名词辨析 · 同义复现（nickname）
考点名词辨析，靠同义复现取词：空格后 that 从句里的 nickname 是“绰号、名号”。
解析破折号后面的同位语用 that later became his nickname（后来成了他的绰号）来解释“Dongpo”究竟是什么——它是一个名字（name），而不是 nation（国家）、menu（菜单）或 dish（菜）。注意“东坡肉”这个 dish 出现在下一句，属于偷换概念式干扰。
答案C. name
Anation国家，民族✗ 语境错位：一块土地不可能成为“国家”，也无法与 nickname 对应。
Bmenu菜单✗ 望文生义：只因下文提到 Dongpo Pork 就选“菜单”，但本句谈的是称呼。
Cname名字，名称 ✓✓ 与后置定语从句 that later became his nickname 构成同义复现，“东坡”成了他的名号。
Ddish菜，一道菜✗ 偷换概念：“菜”不会成为人的绰号，且 dish 是下一句 Dongpo Pork 的信息。
5

It’s said that he even invented Dongpo Pork around that time.

据说他大约就在那段时间发明了东坡肉。

介词辨析 · 时间
考点介词辨析（时间）：around that time = 大约在那段时间。
解析本空考的是“时间的大致范围”。around 作介词可表示“大约在……前后”，around that time 是固定表达。这句话本身没有强线索（数据文件中标注“无强线索”），主要靠搭配判断：before that time 意为“在那之前”，after that time 意为“在那之后”，都会把“发明东坡肉”与“在黄州”割裂开；from that time（从那时起）通常要与 on 连用（from that time on），单用不成立。所以选 D。
答案D. around
Abefore在……之前✗ 语义偏差：会变成“在黄州之前就发明了东坡肉”，与上文“在黄州耕种东坡”的时间线不符。
Bafter在……之后✗ 同样人为切断时间线，且 after that time 太确定，失去“据说”的不确定语气。
Cfrom从……（起）✗ 搭配不成立：from that time 需与 on 连用，且“从那时起发明”逻辑不通。
Daround大约在……前后 ✓✓ around that time 是固定搭配，表示“大约在那段时间”，与 It’s said that 的传闻语气一致。
6

Though he found the weather hot and the dialect difficult, he didn’t give up.

尽管他觉得天气炎热、方言难懂，他也没有放弃。

连词辨析 · 让步逻辑
考点连词辨析：判断前后分句之间的让步关系。
解析空格前是“天气炎热、方言难懂”（不利条件），空格后是 he didn’t give up（他没放弃）——前后是“退一步说”的让步关系，用 Though 引导让步状语从句。Because 表原因，与“没放弃”构不成因果；So 是并列连词，不能这样引导一个从句放在句首；If 表条件，“如果天气炎热”就变成了未发生的假设，逻辑不对。
答案C. Though
ABecause因为✗ 因果不成立：天气热并不会导致“不放弃”，反而该导致“放弃”。
BSo所以✗ 语法错误：So 是并列连词，不能置于句首引导这样的从句；且语义顺序颠倒。
CThough尽管，虽然 ✓✓ 前“条件恶劣”与后“没有放弃”构成典型让步，Though 引导让步状语从句最恰当。
DIf如果✗ 条件关系错误：他在儋州是真实经历，不是假设，且条件句与“没放弃”搭配不自然。
7

Instead, he set up schools and made friends with locals.

相反，他创办学校，还与当地人交朋友。

动词短语辨析
考点动词短语辨析：set up（创办、建立）+ 宾语 schools。
解析上文（蓝波浪线）he didn’t give up. Instead, 说明他不是消极应付，而是积极作为；后半句 and made friends with locals（与当地人交朋友）也是主动做事。能接 schools 并表示“创办”的只有 set up。looked up（查阅）、turned up（出现）、picked up（捡起；学会）都不能说“创办学校”。
答案B. set up
Alooked up查阅；抬头看✗ 搭配错误：look up schools 说不出“创办学校”的意思。
Bset up创办，建立 ✓✓ set up schools = 创办学校，与 made friends with locals 并列，体现他积极办学、融入当地。
Cturned up出现；调大（音量）✗ 语义不符：学校不会自己“出现”，也不及物。
Dpicked up捡起；学会；接人✗ 望文生义：pick up 与 schools 搭配不表示“创办”。
8

Su Shi left behind valuable cultural heritage.

苏轼留下了宝贵的文化遗产。

动词短语辨析
考点动词短语辨析：leave behind（留下、遗留）+ 宾语 heritage。
解析空格后的宾语是 valuable cultural heritage（宝贵的文化遗产），下文 His poems、As Lin Yutang said 都在盘点他给后人留下的东西，所以应是 left behind（留下）。fell behind 意为“落后”，put behind 意为“置于脑后、忘掉”，went behind 意为“走到……后面”，都没有“遗留”的意思。
答案C. left behind
Afell behind落后，掉队✗ 语义相反：落后的人不可能“留下宝贵遗产”。
Bput behind置于脑后，忘掉✗ 语义相反：把文化遗产忘掉，与全文敬意相悖。
Cleft behind留下，遗留 ✓✓ leave behind + valuable cultural heritage 搭配贴切，且与下文 His poems 的“遗产”照应。
Dwent behind走到……后面✗ 搭配不通：go behind 不表示“遗留”，也无法带 heritage 作宾语。
9

His poems encourage people to stay hopeful even in hard times.

他的诗词鼓励人们在艰难时刻仍心怀希望。

动词辨析 · 搭配
考点动词辨析 + 搭配：encourage sb. to do sth.（鼓励某人做某事）。
解析空格后的结构是 people to stay hopeful（人们保持希望）。同句后置线索 to stay hopeful even in hard times 是积极的语义方向，说明诗词起的是“鼓舞”作用，因此用 encourage。expect sb. to do 多指“预料/期望某事发生”，不带鼓舞色彩；invite sb. to do 是“邀请”，与“艰难时刻仍心怀希望”不搭；force sb. to do 是“强迫”，与苏轼诗词给人力量的形象相悖。
答案A. encourage
Aencourage鼓励，鼓舞 ✓✓ encourage sb. to do sth. 搭配正确，且与 to stay hopeful 的积极语义一致。
Bexpect期望，预料✗ 情感色彩不符：“期望人们保持希望”是预测，不是诗词给人的鼓舞。
Cinvite邀请✗ 张冠李戴：诗词不会“邀请”人们保持希望。
Dforce强迫，迫使✗ 语义过强且贬义，与全文对苏轼的赞美完全冲突。
10

Su Shi was an optimist, a friend of the people, and a true master—someone we can still admire today.

苏轼是乐天派、人民之友、真正的大师——一个我们今天仍然敬佩的人。

动词辨析 · 情感态度
考点动词辨析，依据全文的情感态度（正面评价）取词。
解析空格的主语是 someone we can still，指代前面那位 optimist、a friend of the people、a true master（乐天派、人民之友、真正的大师）——全是褒义头衔，因此我们今天对他是 admire（敬佩、仰慕）。hate（恨）情感相反；hear（听见）和 see（看见）只说“感知”，无法承载全文的崇敬之意，且 hear sb. 后一般要接 do/doing 结构，此处也不通。
答案D. admire
Ahate憎恨，讨厌✗ 情感完全相反：全文对苏轼是赞美与敬仰。
Bhear听见✗ 语义单薄：“听见”不能表达“崇敬”，且 hear sb. 不这样搭配。
Csee看见✗ 以偏概全：只表示视觉感知，丢失了作者的评价态度。
Dadmire敬佩，仰慕 ✓✓ 与前文 a true master、optimist 等褒义评价呼应，收束全文的敬意。

三、文章精读

INTENSIVE READING · 词性套色 + 从句划线

精读说明：按《词性标注配色规则》套色——绿=谓语动词，绿底=不定式，墨绿+灰底=动名词，玫红=形容词/形容词性物主代词，玫红+粉底=分词，蓝=副词，紫=介词，橙=连词，橙底=that 类引导词，蓝底=wh- 类引导词，红=疑问词，深灰=冠词/代词/名词；句子下的橙色下划线=that 类从句，蓝色下划线=wh- 类从句。每句末尾的小喇叭可单独朗读该句，点击生词可查词典。

配色速查 谓语动词 不定式 动名词 形容词/物主代词 分词 副词 介词 连词 that 类引导词 wh- 类引导词 疑问词 冠词/代词/名词
P1 · 词传千古

S1Su Shi is familiar to us because we often study his ci in textbooks.苏轼对我们来说很熟悉，因为我们常在课本里学习他的词。

S2He is remembered as one of the Eight Great Prose Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties.他被人们铭记为唐宋八大家之一。

P2 · 仕途坎坷

S1After becoming an official, Su Shi faced many challenges.成为官员后，苏轼面临许多挑战。

S2Other officials spoke badly of him, and as a result, he was demoted (贬谪) to serve in distant areas.其他官员说他坏话，结果他被贬到偏远地区任职。

S3However, he remained brave through these difficulties.然而，在这些困难中他依然勇敢。

P3 · 黄州东坡

S1First, he was sent to Huangzhou.起初，他被贬到黄州。

S2There, he farmed land called Dongpo—a name that later became his nickname.在那里，他耕种一块叫“东坡”的土地——一个后来成为他名号的名字。

S3It’s said that he even invented Dongpo Pork around that time.据说他大约就在那段时间发明了东坡肉。

S4Many of his famous poems were also written there.他许多著名的诗词也是在那里写成的。

P4 · 儋州办学

S1Later, he was sent to Danzhou.后来，他又被贬到儋州。

S2Though he found the weather hot and the dialect (方言) difficult, he didn’t give up.尽管他觉得天气炎热、方言难懂，他也没有放弃。

S3Instead, he set up schools and made friends with locals.相反，他创办学校，还与当地人交朋友。

P5 · 千古大师

S1Su Shi left behind valuable cultural heritage.苏轼留下了宝贵的文化遗产。

S2His poems encourage people to stay hopeful even in hard times.他的诗词鼓励人们在艰难时刻仍心怀希望。

S3As Lin Yutang said, Su Shi was an optimist (乐天派), a friend of the people, and a true master—someone we can still admire today.正如林语堂所说，苏轼是乐天派，是人民的朋友，是真正的大师——一个我们今天仍然敬佩的人。

四、作文金句仿写

WRITING BOOST · 黑色为框架，灰色底纹为可替换词

把文中的好句子拆成“句型框架”，换上你自己的词，就能写出漂亮的作文句子。

金句 1 Su Shi is familiar to us because we often study his ci in textbooks.

Su Shi / Yuan Longping / Tu Youyou is familiar to us / Chinese students / young people because we often study his ci in textbooks / we learn his story in class / everyone knows her name.

仿写：Yuan Longping is familiar to Chinese students because we learn his story in our biology textbooks. 袁隆平对中国学生来说很熟悉，因为我们在生物课本里学过他的故事。

适用：写“我最敬佩的人/伟人”的开头，用 be familiar to sb. + because 交代熟悉的原因。

金句 2 He is remembered as one of the Eight Great Prose Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties.

He / She / They is / are remembered as one of the Eight Great Prose Masters / the greatest writers / the most important scientists of the Tang and Song Dynasties / modern China / the twentieth century.

仿写：She is remembered as one of the greatest scientists of modern China. 她作为现代中国最伟大的科学家之一而被人们铭记。

适用：人物评价类作文的“定性句”，be remembered as one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词，一句话抬高人物地位。

金句 3 However, he remained brave through these difficulties.

However / Still / Even so, he / she / they remained / stayed brave / calm / hopeful / hard-working through these difficulties / those hard years / the hardest time.

仿写：However, she remained calm through those hard years. 然而，在那些艰难的岁月里她始终镇定。

适用：写人物“遇到困难但不放弃”的转折句，However + remain + 形容词，简洁有力。

金句 4 His poems encourage people to stay hopeful even in hard times.

His poems / His words / Her story encourage / teach / help people / us / young people to stay hopeful / to keep trying / to work hard even in hard times / difficult situations / times of trouble.

仿写：Her story teaches young people to keep trying even in hard times. 她的事迹教导年轻人在艰难时刻也要不断努力。

适用：作文结尾写“人物给我们带来的精神力量”，encourage sb. to do sth. + even in hard times 是高频收束句式。

2

阅读理解 A · Jane Goodall 简·古道尔

Reading A · 11-15 · 名片信息 + 访谈 · 同色定位 + 题目精析 + 文章精读
单独打开 ↗
图例 LEGEND sw-q1 · 第 11 题：famous for / in the wild sw-q2 · 第 12 题：my mother said / never give up sw-q3 · 第 13 题：the other scientists said / that sw-q4 · 第 14 题：most proud of / part of the animal kingdom sw-q5 · 第 15 题：laughed at me / never give up（人物品质） 题干定位词与原文同色高亮；波浪线 = 答案依据句；浅黄加粗 = Q 与原文的同义转换；红色删除线 = 错误选项的关键词。

一、文章

PASSAGE · 点击任意单词可查词典

名片 Name: Dame Jane Morris Goodall
Known for: Being the first to research chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in the wild
Important discoveries: Found that chimpanzees have feelings, use tools and eat meat
(Here is an interview with Jane Goodall.)

记者 1 Reporter: Hi Jane, when did you first know you wanted to work with animals?

Jane 1 Jane: I was ten when I decided to go to Africa and study wild animals. That’s about 70 years ago when girls in England didn’t have those opportunities. So everybody laughed at me. But my mother said, “If you really want something, you have to work hard, take advantage of every opportunity and never give up!”

记者 2 Reporter: Great advice! What’s been special about the work you’ve done?

Jane 2 Jane: I studied animals differently. The other scientists said I should number chimpanzees instead of naming them, and should not talk about their personalities, minds, or feelings. But luckily, I’d learned that was wrong from my dog as a child!

记者 3 Reporter: Sounds like having a childhood pet really helped you in your studies! What are you most proud of?

Jane 3 Jane: Helping people to understand we are part of the animal kingdom, not separate from it.

记者 4 Reporter: Any tips for the kids looking for a wild career like yours?

Jane 4 Jane: You’ve got to really, really want it! You could go to university and go straight into research, but there are also opportunities for volunteering or for working at zoos.

记者 5 Reporter: Thanks for the chimp chat, Jane!

二、题目精析

QUESTIONS · 定位词 → 原文依据 → 同义转换 → 选项对错原因
11

What was Jane Goodall famous for?

简·古道尔因什么而闻名？

细节理解 · 信息栏定位
定位名片栏第二行：Known for: Being the first to research chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in the wild（以“第一个到野外研究黑猩猩的人”闻名）。
同义转换题干 famous for（因……而闻名）↔ 原文 Known for；题干 studying ↔ 原文 research（研究）；in the wild（在野外）原词复现，正是答案的关键限定语。
解析信息栏题要“先看栏目名，再看栏目内容”：Known for 这一行回答的就是“因何闻名”，核心动作是 being the first to research chimpanzees in the wild。做题时必须抓住 in the wild 这个限定语——研究地点在野外，这是她最独特的地方，也是区分 C 与 D 的关键。
答案C
ARaising chimpanzees with heart.用心饲养黑猩猩。✗ 【无中生有】原文是 research（研究）黑猩猩，并未提到 raising（饲养、养育）；“用心饲养”是凭空加出来的情节。
BInventing tools for chimpanzees.为黑猩猩发明工具。✗ 【张冠李戴】原文名片栏说“Found that chimpanzees have feelings, use tools and eat meat”——会使用工具的是黑猩猩，不是她为黑猩猩发明工具。
CStudying chimpanzees in the wild.在野外研究黑猩猩。✓ Known for = famous for，research = study，in the wild 原词复现，与名片栏第二行完全对应。
DDiscovering chimpanzees in Africa.在非洲发现黑猩猩。✗ 【偷换概念】原文是 being the first to research（第一个去研究），不是 first to discover（第一个发现）；research 与 discover 词义不同，且原文说 in the wild，并未说在 Africa。
12

What made Jane stick to her dream?

是什么让简坚持自己的梦想？

细节理解 · 因果关系
定位Jane 1 段末句：“If you really want something, you have to work hard, take advantage of every opportunity and never give up!”，其说话人提示为 But my mother said（后半句可见 But my mother said）。
同义转换原文 my mother said … never give up（母亲说……永不放弃）↔ 选项 Her mother’s encouragement（母亲的鼓励）；题干 stick to her dream（坚持梦想）↔ 原句的 work hard / take advantage of every opportunity / never give up。
解析因果题要分清“起因”和“背景”。前面 everybody laughed at me（大家都笑我）是被嘲笑的处境，是转折的铺垫；But 之后的 my mother said … 才是她坚持下去的真正原因——母亲那段话正是“鼓励”。注意：母亲的话用的是引号直引，理解时要把它概括成 encouragement 而不是把它当成一句普通描述。
答案D
AThe love for Africa.对非洲的热爱。✗ 【以偏概全】去非洲是她十岁时的一个想法（I decided to go to Africa），不是她能够坚持七十年的原因；用一个小细节代替全文的因果链条。
BThe chances for girls.女孩们获得的机会。✗ 【与原文相反】原文说 when girls in England didn’t have those opportunities（当时英国女孩没有这些机会），机会恰恰是缺的，不是她坚持的原因。
CHer own advantage.她自身的优势。✗ 【望文生义／无中生有】原文的 take advantage of every opportunity 是“利用每一个机会”这一动词短语，不是名词“优势”；把它误读成“她自身的优势”，属于望文生义。
DHer mother’s encouragement.她母亲的鼓励。✓ 在她被所有人嘲笑时，是母亲那句“努力、抓住机会、永不放弃”给了她力量，正是母亲鼓励让她坚持梦想。
13

What does the underlined word “that” in the text refer to?

文中划线单词 that 指的是什么？

代词指代 · 上文指代
定位Jane 2 段：The other scientists said I should number chimpanzees instead of naming them, and should not talk about their personalities, minds, or feelings. But luckily, I’d learned that was wrong from my dog as a child!
同义转换that（那件事 / 那个看法）↔ 选项 The idea of other scientists（其他科学家的看法）。判断办法：把选项“代回原句”——I’d learned the idea of other scientists was wrong（我认识到其他科学家那套看法是错的）句子通顺、逻辑成立，说明指代正确。
解析指代题的“黄金三步”：①看位置——that 在本句（I’d learned that was wrong）中作主语，所指代的内容只能来自上文；②看单复数与性质——that 是单数，指代的是“一整件事、一整套看法”，而不是某个词或某个人；③看语义——上文整句讲的是 other scientists 的观点：黑猩猩应该编号而不该起名字、不该谈它们的个性 / 思想 / 情感。所以 that = 其他科学家的那套看法。C 项 naming animals、D 项 numbering chimpanzees 都只是这套看法里的一个细节，用局部代替整体，属于以偏概全；A 项 the direction of the study 在文中找不到任何依据。
答案B
AThe direction of the study.研究的方向。✗ 【无中生有】原文只说她研究动物的方式“different”，从未出现“研究方向（direction）”这样的说法，代人后也无法成立。
BThe idea of other scientists.其他科学家的看法。✓ that 是单数，指代上文“其他科学家说的那一整套观点”（该编号、不该起名、不该谈个性/思想/情感），即 other scientists 的看法。
CThe way of naming animals.给动物命名的方式。✗ 【以偏概全】naming them 只是那套观点中的一个细节（而且原文是她主张起名字、科学家反对），不能代表 that 所指的全部内容。
DThe plan of numbering chimpanzees.给黑猩猩编号的计划。✗ 【以偏概全】numbering chimpanzees 同样只是那套观点里的一个细节，范围太窄，盖不住“and should not talk about their personalities, minds, or feelings”这一半内容。
14

What is Jane most proud of?

简最自豪的是什么？

细节理解 · 同义转换
定位记者提问 What are you most proud of? → Jane 3 的回答：Helping people to understand we are part of the animal kingdom, not separate from it.（帮助人们明白我们属于动物界，而不是与之分离。）
同义转换原文 Helping people to understand we are part of the animal kingdom ↔ 选项 Showing humans are part of animals：helping people to understand = showing（让人明白＝向人展示），humans = we（人类＝我们），the animal kingdom = animals（动物界＝动物）。
解析回答最自豪的事时，Jane 说的是“帮助人们认识到人类属于动物界”，重点在改变人们的认识，而不是“去帮助某只野生动物”。选项 C 完整覆盖了这个意思；B 把 abstract 的“观念”换成了具体的“帮助野生动物”，概念被偷换；A 说的是她学到知识的方式（童年养狗），不是最自豪的事。
答案C
AHaving a pet in childhood.童年时养过一只宠物。✗ 【张冠李戴】童年养狗是她“从狗身上学到 that was wrong”的途径，回答的是“什么让她与众不同”，而不是“最自豪的事”。
BHelping wild animals.帮助野生动物。✗ 【偷换概念】原文的宾语是 people（帮助人理解），understand 的内容是“人类属于动物界”；把它换成笼统的“帮助野生动物”，改变了原意。
CShowing humans are part of animals.表明人类是动物的一部分。✓ 与 Helping people to understand we are part of the animal kingdom, not separate from it 完全对应，是最自豪的事。
DWriting books about wild animals.写关于野生动物的书。✗ 【无中生有】全篇访谈里没有一处提到她写书，这个选项凭空出现，属于典型的无中生有。
15

Which of the following can best describe Jane?

下面哪一个词最能描述简？

推理判断 · 人物品质
定位Jane 1 段：everybody laughed at me（大家都笑我）与母亲那句 never give up!（永不放弃）；Jane 4 段：You’ve got to really, really want it!（你必须真的、真的想要它！）
同义转换“everybody laughed at me 但她仍然去了非洲”、“never give up”、“really, really want it” ↔ 选项 Strong-willed（意志坚定的）。一个人在被所有人嘲笑之后仍然坚持七十年，最突出的品质就是意志坚定。
解析人物品质题要“用文中的行为推性格”，不能凭印象：行为一——十岁决定去非洲，被所有人嘲笑也没改变（everybody laughed at me）；行为二——母亲说“never give up”，她用一生践行；行为三——给孩子的建议是“You’ve got to really, really want it”，强调的正是意志力。三个证据都指向同一个词：strong-willed。C 项 Humorous 虽然有 “Thanks for the chimp chat” 这样的轻松话语，但那只是记者的玩笑口吻，不能概括她最突出的品质。
答案D
AStrict.严格的。✗ 【无中生有】访谈里没有她对别人提出严格要求的内容，全文没有任何“严格”的行为证据。
BEasy-going.随和的。✗ 【无依据／与主旨相反】她的特点是“认准了就绝不放弃”，与随和、无所谓的态度相反；文中也没有“随和”的描写。
CHumorous.幽默的。✗ 【以偏概全】Thanks for the chimp chat 是记者的轻松收尾语，仅凭这一点就概括人物品质，证据太薄，也盖不住“被嘲笑仍坚持”的主线。
DStrong-willed.意志坚定的。✓ 被所有人嘲笑仍坚持去非洲研究动物，一生践行 never give up，并告诉孩子“you’ve got to really, really want it”，都说明她意志坚定。

三、文章精读

INTENSIVE READING · 词性套色 + 从句划线

精读说明：按《词性标注配色规则》套色——绿=谓语动词，绿底=不定式，墨绿+灰底=动名词，玫红=形容词/形容词性物主代词，玫红+粉底=分词，蓝=副词，紫=介词，橙=连词，橙底=that 类引导词，蓝底=wh- 类引导词，红=疑问词，深灰=冠词/代词/名词；句子下的橙色下划线=that 类从句，蓝色下划线=wh- 类从句。每句末尾的小喇叭可单独朗读该句，点击生词可查词典。

配色速查 谓语动词 不定式 动名词 形容词/物主代词 分词 副词 介词 连词 that 类引导词 wh- 类引导词 疑问词 冠词/代词/名词
名片 · 信息栏

S1Name: Dame Jane Morris Goodall.姓名：简·莫里斯·古道尔女爵士。（信息栏条目，末尾无标点，此处按句处理）

S2Known for: Being the first to research chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in the wild.因何闻名：第一个到野外研究黑猩猩的人。

S3Important discoveries: Found that chimpanzees have feelings, use tools and eat meat.重要发现：发现黑猩猩有情感、会使用工具、也吃肉。

S4(Here is an interview with Jane Goodall.)（下面是对简·古道尔的一次访谈。）

记者 1 · 何时立志

S1Reporter: Hi Jane, when did you first know you wanted to work with animals?记者：你好，简，你什么时候第一次知道自己想和动物打交道？

Jane 1 · 母亲鼓励

S1Jane: I was ten when I decided to go to Africa and study wild animals.简：我十岁的时候决定去非洲研究野生动物。

S2That’s about 70 years ago when girls in England didn’t have those opportunities.那是大约七十年前，当时英国的女孩子没有这样的机会。

S3So everybody laughed at me.所以大家都嘲笑我。

S4But my mother said, “If you really want something, you have to work hard, take advantage of every opportunity and never give up!”但我母亲说：“如果你真的想要什么，你就必须努力，抓住每一个机会，永不放弃！”

记者 2 · 追问工作

S1Reporter: Great advice! What’s been special about the work you’ve done?记者：好建议！你做的工作有什么特别之处？

Jane 2 · 坚持己见

S1Jane: I studied animals differently.简：我研究动物的方式不一样。

S2The other scientists said I should number chimpanzees instead of naming them, and should not talk about their personalities, minds, or feelings.其他科学家说，我应该给黑猩猩编号而不是给它们起名字，还不应该谈论它们的个性、思想和情感。

S3But luckily, I’d learned that was wrong from my dog as a child!但幸运的是，我小时候就从我的狗身上认识到，那（其他科学家的那套看法）是错的！

记者 3 · 最自豪的事

S1Reporter: Sounds like having a childhood pet really helped you in your studies!记者：听起来，童年时养过一只宠物真的在你的研究中帮到了你！

S2What are you most proud of?你最自豪的是什么？

Jane 3 · 人类属于动物界

S1Jane: Helping people to understand we are part of the animal kingdom, not separate from it.简：帮助人们明白，我们属于动物界，而不是与它分离。

记者 4 · 给孩子的建议

S1Reporter: Any tips for the kids looking for a wild career like yours?记者：对那些想找你这样一份野外工作的孩子，你有什么建议吗？

Jane 4 · 你真的想要吗

S1Jane: You’ve got to really, really want it!简：你必须真的、真的想要它！

S2You could go to university and go straight into research, but there are also opportunities for volunteering or for working at zoos.你可以上大学，然后直接进入研究工作，但也有去当志愿者或在动物园工作的机会。

记者 5 · 访谈收尾

S1Reporter: Thanks for the chimp chat, Jane!记者：谢谢你这次关于黑猩猩的聊天，简！

四、作文金句仿写

WRITING BOOST · 黑色为框架，灰色底纹为可替换词

把访谈里的好句子拆成“句型框架”，换上你自己的词，就能写出漂亮的句子。写“伟人 / 人物介绍”类作文时，这三个句式可以直接套用。

金句 1 I was ten when I decided to go to Africa and study wild animals.

I was ten / He was six / She was nine when I decided to go to Africa and study wild animals / he decided to learn the piano / she decided to become a writer.

仿写：She was nine when she decided to become a writer. 她九岁时就决定要当作家。

适用：写人物“早年立志”，用 was + 年龄 + when 从句，一句话交代时间与决心。注意 when 从句用一般过去时，与主句时态一致。

金句 2 Helping people to understand we are part of the animal kingdom, not separate from it.

Helping people to understand / Teaching children to see / Getting young people to know we are part of the animal kingdom, not separate from it / part of nature, not masters of it / responsible for our planet.

仿写：Teaching children to see we are part of nature, not masters of it. 教孩子们明白我们属于自然，而不是自然的主人。

适用：写“贡献与价值”，动名词开头作主语／表语，后面 understand 的宾语从句省略 that（省略 that 的从句不画线、不用逗号）。

金句 3 You’ve got to really, really want it!

You’ve got to / You have to / We must really, really want it / work hard / believe in yourself!

仿写：If you want to reach your dream, you’ve got to really, really work hard! 如果你想实现梦想，你就必须真的、真的努力！

适用：结尾鼓励、呼吁。have got to = have to（必须），口语化、语气强；重复 really 是口语中的强调手段，作文里用一次就很出彩。

3

阅读理解 B · Hua Tuo 华佗

Reading B · 16-20 · 细节理解 + 事件排序 + 词义猜测 + 文章精读
单独打开 ↗
图例 LEGEND Q16 华佗的称号 Q17 华佗的发明 Q18 事件排序 Q19 prevent 词义 Q20 主旨主线 题干定位词与原文同色高亮；波浪线 = 答案依据句；黄底 = 题干与原文的同义转换处

一、文章

PASSAGE · 点击任意单词可查词典

P1 In ancient China, there was a famous doctor named Hua Tuo. He lived during the Three Kingdoms period. People called him the “miracle doctor” because he could cure many difficult diseases.

P2 One day, a soldier came to see Hua Tuo. The soldier had been wounded by an arrow in his arm. The arrowhead was stuck deep inside. Other doctors had tried to take it out, but the soldier felt great pain every time they touched it. The soldier was suffering day and night.

P3 Hua Tuo examined the wound carefully. Then he gave the soldier a cup of a special drink. It was a kind of anesthetic (麻醉药) that Hua Tuo had invented. He called it “ma fei san”. After drinking it, the soldier fell into a deep sleep and felt no pain at all. Hua Tuo then opened the wound and took out the arrowhead easily. When the soldier woke up, the pain was gone. The soldier was amazed and very grateful.

P4 This was the first time in history that a doctor had used anesthetic during an operation. Hua Tuo’s invention was hundreds of years earlier than the use of anesthetic in the West.

P5 Hua Tuo also invented a set of physical exercises called “Wu Qin Xi” (Five Animal Plays). He believed that moving like animals— the tiger, deer, bear, monkey and bird— could help people stay healthy and prevent diseases. These exercises are still practiced today.

P6 Unfortunately, many of Hua Tuo’s medical books were lost. But his spirit of invention and care for patients lives on. He is remembered as one of the greatest doctors in Chinese history.

原卷拼写说明：PDF 提取时 “Wu Qin Xi” 曾被拆成 “Wu Q in Xi”，正确写法为 Wu Qin Xi（五禽戏，即 Five Animal Plays）；本页已按正确拼写呈现。第 19 题题干中的画线词 “prevent” 位于第 5 段。

二、题目精析

QUESTIONS · 定位词 → 原文依据 → 选项对错原因
16

What was Hua Tuo known as?

华佗以什么称号闻名？

细节理解 · 称谓
定位P1 “People called him the “miracle doctor” because he could cure many difficult diseases.”
同义转换题干 was Hua Tuo known as（华佗被称为什么）↔ 原文 People called him the “miracle doctor”（人们称他为“神医”）。be known as 与 call sb. sth. 都表示“被称为……”。
解析题目问“华佗的称号”，第一段就直接给出答案：the “miracle doctor”（神医），because 后的 “could cure many difficult diseases”（能治愈许多疑难病症）正是这个称号的由来。做题时抓住 called him the … 这一“称谓标志词”，答案就在它后面。
答案B（The miracle doctor）
AThe animal doctor.动物医生。✗ 望文生义——因为 P5 有 Five Animal Plays（五禽戏）就臆造出一个“animal doctor”，原文从未这样称呼他。
BThe miracle doctor.神医。✓ 对应 P1 “People called him the ‘miracle doctor’”；called him the ↔ was known as，是同一意思的两种说法。
CThe soldier’s friend.士兵的朋友。✗ 偷换概念——士兵只是华佗救治的一名病人，文中既没说他们是朋友，也没把这当成称号。
DThe medicine king.药王。✗ 无中生有——全文没有 “medicine king” 这个说法，属于凭空编造的称号。
17

What did Hua Tuo invent to help the soldier?

华佗发明了什么来救治这名士兵？

细节理解 · 同义转换
定位P3 “Then he gave the soldier a cup of a special drink.” 与 “It was a kind of anesthetic (麻醉药) that Hua Tuo had invented.” —— 两句合起来就是答案。
同义转换题干 What did Hua Tuo invent to help the soldier ↔ 原文 he gave the soldier a cup of a special drink + a kind of anesthetic that Hua Tuo had invented；原文 a special drink / a kind of anesthetic ↔ 选项 an anesthetic drink（一杯麻醉药水），是对两处细节的合并概括。
解析题干有两个限定：① 是华佗“发明”的（that Hua Tuo had invented）；② 用来“救治这名士兵”。原文顺序是先给士兵喝下特制的药水（麻沸散 ma fei san），再开刀取出箭头。A、B 两项原文根本没出现；D 项虽然也是华佗的发明，却属于 P5 的五禽戏，为的是让人强身防病，与救治这名士兵无关。
答案C（An anesthetic drink）
AA special knife.一把特制的小刀。✗ 无中生有——原文只说 “opened the wound”，从头到尾没有提到任何特制的刀。
BA new kind of bandage.一种新式绷带。✗ 无中生有——全文没有 bandage（绷带）一词，是凭“伤口需要包扎”想出来的。
CAn anesthetic drink.一种麻醉药水。✓ 原文 a cup of a special drink = a kind of anesthetic that Hua Tuo had invented，即他发明的麻沸散。
DA set of exercises.一套健身操。✗ 张冠李戴——a set of exercises 是 P5 的五禽戏，题目问的是救治这名士兵时用的东西。
18

What is the correct order of the following events?
①　Hua Tuo gave the soldier a cup of “ma fei san”.
②　The soldier was wounded by an arrow.
③　Other doctors failed to remove the arrowhead.
④　Hua Tuo took out the arrowhead while the soldier was asleep.

下列事件的正确顺序是什么？① 华佗给士兵喝了一杯“麻沸散”。② 士兵被箭射伤。③ 其他医生没能取出箭头。④ 士兵睡着时，华佗取出了箭头。

细节理解 · 事件排序
定位P2 “The soldier had been wounded by an arrow in his arm.” → P2 “Other doctors had tried to take it out, but the soldier felt great pain every time they touched it.” → P3 “Then he gave the soldier a cup of a special drink.” → P3 “Hua Tuo then opened the wound and took out the arrowhead easily.”
顺序链时间标志词串起整条事件链：had been wounded（② 中箭受伤）→ had tried（③ 其他医生试过取箭头）→ gave（① 喝下麻沸散）→ then opened（④ 开刀取出箭头）。排序题的诀窍就是把这四个动词 / 动词短语按原文出现顺序连成一条链。
同义转换选项 ③ failed to remove the arrowhead ↔ 原文 had tried to take it out, but the soldier felt great pain（try 了但没成功 = failed）；选项 ④ while the soldier was asleep ↔ 原文 After drinking it, the soldier fell into a deep sleep + took out the arrowhead easily。另外 had been wounded / had tried 是过去完成时，表示它们发生在 gave 之前，这正是 ② ③ 必须排在 ① 前面的语法依据。
答案A（② → ③ → ① → ④）
A② → ③ → ① → ④中箭受伤 → 其他医生取不出 → 喝麻沸散 → 取出箭头✓ 与原文顺序完全一致：had been wounded → had tried → gave → then opened。
B① → ② → ③ → ④喝麻沸散 → 中箭受伤 → 其他医生取不出 → 取出箭头✗ 逻辑颠倒——还没有受伤（②）就先喝麻沸散（①），因果与时序都讲不通。
C② → ① → ③ → ④中箭受伤 → 喝麻沸散 → 其他医生取不出 → 取出箭头✗ 顺序错位——原文写 “Other doctors had tried to take it out” 在 “he gave the soldier a cup of a special drink” 之前，所以 ③ 必须排在 ① 前面。
D③ → ② → ① → ④其他医生取不出 → 中箭受伤 → 喝麻沸散 → 取出箭头✗ 因果倒置——没有先中箭受伤（②），就不可能有其他医生来取箭头（③），③ 不可能排在最前面。
19

What does the underlined word “prevent” in Paragraph 5 mean?

第 5 段中画线单词 “prevent” 是什么意思？

词义猜测 · 语境推断
定位P5 “could help people stay healthy and prevent diseases.” —— 画线词就在这一句里，与 stay healthy 并列。
同义转换画线词 prevent ↔ 选项 To stop something from happening（阻止某事发生）。语境线索：prevent 与 stay healthy（保持健康）由 and 并列，后面的宾语是 diseases（疾病）——让疾病“不发生”才叫预防。
解析词义猜测题用三步法：① 看搭配——prevent + diseases（疾病）；② 看并列——and 前面的 stay healthy 是“保持健康”，那么 and 后面的动作只能是“预防疾病”，意思同向；③ 代回检验——把 To stop something from happening 代进原句：“可以帮助人们保持健康、阻止疾病发生”，句子通顺。据此选 A。
答案A（To stop something from happening）
ATo stop something from happening.阻止某事发生。✓ 预防疾病就是阻止疾病发生，与并列成分 stay healthy（保持健康）意思同向。
BTo make something worse.使某事变得更糟。✗ 与语境相反——prevent diseases 是让疾病不要发生，绝不是“使疾病更糟”。
CTo discover something new.发现新东西。✗ 偷换概念——discover（发现）表示找到已经存在的东西，与“预防”毫无关系。
DTo treat a disease.治疗疾病。✗ 混淆近义——treat 是“已经生病去治”，prevent 是“还没生病先防”，两者一前一后，不能互换。
20

What does the story of Hua Tuo mainly tell us?

华佗的故事主要告诉我们什么？

主旨大意 · 概括
定位主旨看全文主线：P1 “In ancient China, there was a famous doctor named Hua Tuo.”；P3 他发明麻沸散 ma fei san 并用于手术；P4 “Hua Tuo’s invention was hundreds of years earlier than the use of anesthetic in the West.”；P5 “Hua Tuo also invented a set of physical exercises called “Wu Qin Xi”.”；P6 “He is remembered as one of the greatest doctors in Chinese history.”
同义转换题干 mainly tell us ↔ 全文三件事合起来：麻沸散（比西方早数百年的麻醉药）+ 五禽戏（一套健身操）+ 医书（medical books）→ 选项 The ancient Chinese achievements in medicine（中国古代的医学成就）。
解析主旨题要抓“贯穿全文的主线”，不能被个别细节牵走。全文从“古代中国名医”写起，写他的麻醉药发明、五禽戏创编、医书失传，最后总结他是中国历史上最伟大的医生之一——所有内容都落在“中国古代医学成就”上。A 项只对应 P5 一段（五禽戏），B 项只对应 P2、P3 一件具体的事，两项都是以偏概全；D 项把主角换成了士兵，属于偏题。
答案C（The ancient Chinese achievements in medicine）
AThe importance of exercise for health.运动对健康的重要性。✗ 以偏概全——运动（五禽戏）只是 P5 一段的内容，概括不了麻醉药与医书。
BHow to treat arrow wounds.如何治疗箭伤。✗ 以偏概全——这只是 P2、P3 讲的一件具体病例，不是全文主旨。
CThe ancient Chinese achievements in medicine.中国古代的医学成就。✓ 麻醉药（比西方早数百年）、五禽戏、医书合起来，正是古代中国在医学上的成就。
DThe life of soldiers in the Three Kingdoms period.三国时期士兵的生活。✗ 偏题（张冠李戴）——文章主角是名医华佗，士兵只是他众多病人中的一个，全篇并没有写士兵的生活。

三、文章精读

INTENSIVE READING · 词性套色 + 从句划线

精读说明：按《词性标注配色规则》套色——绿=谓语动词，绿底=不定式，墨绿+灰底=动名词，玫红=形容词/形容词性物主代词，玫红+粉底=分词，蓝=副词，紫=介词，橙=连词，橙底=that 类引导词，蓝底=wh- 类引导词，红=疑问词，深灰=冠词/代词/名词；句子下的橙色下划线=that 类从句，蓝色下划线=wh- 类从句。每句末尾的小喇叭可单独朗读该句，点击生词可查词典。

配色速查 谓语动词 不定式 动名词 形容词/物主代词 分词 副词 介词 连词 that 类引导词 wh- 类引导词 疑问词 冠词/代词/名词
P1 · 神医华佗

S1In ancient China, there was a famous doctor named Hua Tuo.在古代中国，有一位名叫华佗的名医。

S2He lived during the Three Kingdoms period.他生活在三国时期。

S3People called him the “miracle doctor” because he could cure many difficult diseases.人们称他为“神医”，因为他能治愈许多疑难病症。

P2 · 士兵中箭

S1One day, a soldier came to see Hua Tuo.一天，一名士兵来找华佗看病。

S2The soldier had been wounded by an arrow in his arm.这名士兵的手臂被箭射伤了。

S3The arrowhead was stuck deep inside.箭头深深地扎在里面。

S4Other doctors had tried to take it out, but the soldier felt great pain every time they touched it.其他医生曾试图把它取出来，但每次他们碰到它，士兵都感到剧痛。

S5The soldier was suffering day and night.这名士兵日夜都在受苦。

P3 · 麻醉取箭

S1Hua Tuo examined the wound carefully.华佗仔细检查了伤口。

S2Then he gave the soldier a cup of a special drink.然后他给士兵喝了一杯特制的药水。

S3It was a kind of anesthetic (麻醉药) that Hua Tuo had invented.那是一种华佗发明的麻醉药。

S4He called it “ma fei san”.他把它叫做“麻沸散”。

S5After drinking it, the soldier fell into a deep sleep and felt no pain at all.喝下之后，士兵陷入了沉睡，一点也不觉得疼。

S6Hua Tuo then opened the wound and took out the arrowhead easily.华佗随即切开伤口，轻松地取出了箭头。

S7When the soldier woke up, the pain was gone.当士兵醒来时，疼痛已经消失了。

S8The soldier was amazed and very grateful.这名士兵又惊讶又感激。

P4 · 领先西方

S1This was the first time in history that a doctor had used anesthetic during an operation.这是历史上第一次有医生在手术中使用麻醉药。

S2Hua Tuo’s invention was hundreds of years earlier than the use of anesthetic in the West.华佗的发明比西方使用麻醉药早了数百年。

P5 · 创编五禽

S1Hua Tuo also invented a set of physical exercises called “Wu Qin Xi” (Five Animal Plays).华佗还创编了一套叫做“五禽戏”的健身操。

S2He believed that moving like animals— the tiger, deer, bear, monkey and bird— could help people stay healthy and prevent diseases.他认为像动物那样活动——虎、鹿、熊、猴和鸟——能帮助人们保持健康、预防疾病。

S3These exercises are still practiced today.这些健身操至今仍有人在练习。

P6 · 名垂青史

S1Unfortunately, many of Hua Tuo’s medical books were lost.不幸的是，华佗的许多医书都失传了。

S2But his spirit of invention and care for patients lives on.但他发明创造的精神和对病人的关怀流传至今。

S3He is remembered as one of the greatest doctors in Chinese history.他被铭记为中国历史上最伟大的医生之一。

四、作文金句仿写

WRITING BOOST · 黑色为框架，灰色底纹为可替换词

把文中的好句子拆成“句型框架”，换上你自己的词，就能写出漂亮的句子。

金句 1 People called him the “miracle doctor” because he could cure many difficult diseases.

People called him / regarded him as / described him as the “miracle doctor” / a great teacher / a hero because he could cure many difficult diseases / because he helped many poor students / because he saved many lives.

仿写：People called him a hero because he saved many lives. 人们称他为英雄，因为他挽救了许多生命。

适用：介绍人物时说明“称号 + 原因”（call sb. sth. + because 原因状语从句）。

金句 2 This was the first time in history that a doctor had used anesthetic during an operation.

This was the first time in history that a doctor had used anesthetic during an operation / scientists had sent a man into space / our class had won the first prize.

仿写：This was the first time in history that scientists had sent a man into space. 这是历史上科学家第一次把人类送入太空。

适用：强调“开创性、史无前例”（This was the first time in history that + 主语 + had done，从句用过去完成时）。

金句 3 He is remembered as one of the greatest doctors in Chinese history.

He / She / Yuan Longping is remembered / is regarded / is honoured as one of the greatest doctors / most important writers / best teachers in Chinese history / modern China / our school.

仿写：She is remembered as one of the best teachers in our school. 她被誉为我校最优秀的老师之一。

适用：作文结尾评价人物（be remembered as one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 + in ...）。

4

阅读理解 C · Who do you admire?

Reading C · 21-25 · 调查报告 · 今昔对比 + 原因分析 + 文章精读
单独打开 ↗
图例 LEGEND 21 题定位（蓝） 22 题定位（绿） 23 题定位（橙） 24 题定位（紫） 25 题定位（青） 同义替换处 题干词与原文依据同色高亮；波浪线 = 该题答案依据句；黄色高亮 = 同义替换处。点击生词可查词典，句末小喇叭可朗读该句。

一、文章

PASSAGE · Who do you admire? A survey report（21-25）

调查报告类文本的行文套路：抛出问题（Who do you admire?）→ 摆出数据与今昔对比（65% … in the past / today）→ 分析原因（the pandemic / the growing attention on science）→ 提出提醒与观点（admiration should not be blind / not perfection, but courage）。做细节题时先按题干关键词回到这一步一步的“骨架”上定位。

P1 Who do you admire? A recent survey of 2,000 Chinese teenagers asked this question. The results might surprise you.

P2 In the past, most young people said they admired pop stars, actors, or rich businesspeople. However, things have changed over the past few years. Today’s teenagers are more likely to admire scientists, doctors, and teachers. About 65% of them said they look up to people who have made real contributions to society.

P3 Why has this happened? Experts believe that the pandemic played a big role. When people were in trouble, it was not pop stars but doctors and nurses who risked their lives to save others. It was very brave of these medical workers to work day and night, often without enough rest. Young people saw this and their ideas about heroes changed.

P4 Another reason is the growing attention on science and technology in China. Stories of scientists like Zhong Nanshan and Yuan Longping are now taught more widely in schools. It is inspiring for young people to learn about these scientists’ dedication. What’s more, the government has also encouraged young people to see scientists as their role models.

P5 However, experts also warn that admiration should not be blind. It is important for teenagers to understand that even heroes have weaknesses. What makes a person admirable is not perfection, but the courage to keep going when things get hard.

二、题目精析

QUESTIONS 21-25 · 定位 + 同义转换 + 选项病因
21
What question did the survey ask 2,000 teenagers?
这项调查向 2,000 名青少年提出了什么问题？
细节理解 · 首句定位
定位题干关键词 the survey asked 2,000 teenagers（调查问了 2,000 名青少年）→ 依据在 P1 首句“Who do you admire? A recent survey of 2,000 Chinese teenagers asked this question.”
同义转换A recent survey of 2,000 Chinese teenagers asked this question ≈ the survey asked 2,000 teenagers；被问的那个问题就是首句 Who do you admire?
解析首句先提问题，第二句紧接着说“一项针对 2,000 名中国青少年的最新调查提出了这个问题（asked this question）”——this question 指代的就是 Who do you admire?。所以“调查问的问题”＝“你崇拜谁”。三个干扰项里的 want to be、like pop stars、best scientist 在文中都没有对应的原句。
答案B．Who do you admire?
AWhat do you want to be?你想成为什么？✗ 无中生有——全文没有出现 want to be 或任何“职业理想”的问题，这是拿生活常识编出来的选项。
BWho do you admire?你崇拜谁？ ✓✓ 正确——正是 P1 首句原文，也就是调查所提的那个问题（asked this question）。
CDo you like pop stars?你喜欢流行歌星吗？✗ 无中生有——pop stars 只是“过去被崇拜的对象”之一（P2），文中从未把它当作调查的问题。
DWho is the best scientist?谁是最棒的科学家？✗ 无中生有——科学家是被崇拜的一类人，但文中没有任何“评出最佳科学家”的提问。
22
What has changed in the past few years according to the survey?
根据这项调查，过去几年里发生了什么变化？
细节理解 · 今昔对比
定位题干关键词 has changed in the past few years → 依据在 P2“In the past, most young people said they admired pop stars, actors, or rich businesspeople. However, things have changed over the past few years. Today’s teenagers are more likely to admire scientists, doctors, and teachers.”
同义转换题干 what has changed → 原文 things have changed；选项 More teenagers admire scientists and doctors ≈ 原文 Today’s teenagers are more likely to admire scientists, doctors, and teachers（are more likely to = 更多青少年；句中的 doctors 正是选项的 doctors）。
解析“变化”是今昔对照：过去（In the past）多数年轻人崇拜 pop stars, actors, or rich businesspeople；现在（Today）青少年 更可能崇拜科学家、医生和教师。C 准确地概括了“崇拜对象由娱乐明星转向科学家、医生”。A 说“喜欢教师的人更少”与原文相反；B 说“流行歌星更受欢迎”也与“已发生变化”相反；D 的 no longer … anyone 把“换了一类人”说成“谁都不崇拜”，属绝对化。
答案C．More teenagers admire scientists and doctors.
AFewer teenagers like teachers.喜欢教师的青少年更少了。✗ 与原文相反——teachers 明明与 scientists、doctors 并列在“are more likely to admire”之后，是被崇拜的对象，不可能“更少”。
BPop stars have become more popular.流行歌星变得更受欢迎了。✗ 与原文相反（张冠李戴）——pop stars 是 In the past 那一句里的对象，而现在“things have changed”，受欢迎程度是下降而非上升。
CMore teenagers admire scientists and doctors.更多青少年崇拜科学家和医生。 ✓✓ 正确——是“Today’s teenagers are more likely to admire scientists, doctors, and teachers”的同义概括，准确反映今昔变化。
DYoung people no longer admire anyone.年轻人不再崇拜任何人。✗ 绝对化——原文是换了一类崇拜对象（科学家、医生、教师），并非“谁都不崇拜”；no longer … anyone 把范围夸大到极端。
23
According to the passage, why did teenagers’ heroes change?
根据文章，青少年的英雄为什么发生了变化？
细节理解 · 原因
定位题干关键词 why … heroes change → 依据在 P3：“Experts believe that the pandemic played a big role… it was not pop stars but doctors and nurses who risked their lives to save others. It was very brave of these medical workers to work day and night…”
同义转换选项 showed great courage ≈ 原文 risked their lives（冒生命危险）+ It was very brave of these medical workers（这些医护人员非常勇敢）；题干 during the pandemic → 原文 the pandemic played a big role。
解析原因段给了两条：① the pandemic played a big role（疫情起了很大作用）；② 疫情期间 冒着生命危险救人的是医生和护士，他们 day and night 工作、常常休息不足，非常勇敢。C 把“疫情 + 医护人员很勇敢”两处合起来，正是原因。A“歌星不再做音乐”文中无据；B 属曲解原文——P4 只说 government encouraged young people to see scientists as their role models（鼓励），并非“规定谁该崇拜谁”；D“科学家比歌星更富有”也是无中生有。
答案C．Doctors and nurses showed great courage during the pandemic.
APop stars stopped making music.流行歌星不再做音乐了。✗ 无中生有——全文对歌星只有“过去被崇拜”这一处描述，从未提到他们停产、停唱。
BThe government told teenagers who to admire.政府告诉青少年该崇拜谁。✗ 曲解原文——P4 原文是 the government has also encouraged young people to see scientists as their role models（鼓励、引导），说成“规定／命令”就偷换了程度。
CDoctors and nurses showed great courage during the pandemic.疫情期间医生和护士表现出巨大的勇气。 ✓✓ 正确——与原文“the pandemic played a big role”“who risked their lives to save others”“It was very brave of these medical workers”完全吻合。
DScientists became richer than pop stars.科学家变得比流行歌星更富有。✗ 无中生有——文中没有任何关于收入、贫富比较的信息；rich 只出现在“rich businesspeople（过去被崇拜的对象）”里。
24
Which of the following is mentioned as a reason for the change?
下面哪一项被文中提到，作为（这种）变化的原因？
细节理解 · 论据辨识（正向细节题）
定位注意：本题是正向细节题（问“哪一项被提到”，不是“哪一项没有提到”的选非题），只要能在原文找到依据即可。题干关键词 a reason for the change → 依据在 P4 首句“Another reason is the growing attention on science and technology in China.”以及紧随其后的论据 “…are now taught more widely in schools”。
同义转换选项 Schools now teach more stories about scientists ≈ 原文 Stories of scientists like Zhong Nanshan and Yuan Longping are now taught more widely in schools（被动 → 主动：are taught more widely in schools = schools now teach more；more widely = 更多、更广）。
解析P3 给出第一个原因（the pandemic），P4 用 Another reason is… 明确给出第二个原因：对科学技术的关注日益增长，其具体表现就是“科学家的故事现在在学校被更广泛地讲授”。A 正是这条论据的同义转述。B“不看电视”、C“歌星太老”、D“科学家挣得更多”三项在文中都没有任何文字依据——全文没有出现 TV、age、money/earn 这些信息，都是无中生有编出来的理由，不能选。
答案A．Schools now teach more stories about scientists.
ASchools now teach more stories about scientists.学校现在讲授更多关于科学家的故事。 ✓✓ 正确——是 P4“Stories of scientists like Zhong Nanshan and Yuan Longping are now taught more widely in schools”的同义转述，也正对应“Another reason is…”。
BYoung people don’t watch TV anymore.年轻人不再看电视了。✗ 无中生有——全文没有一个词提到电视（TV／television），这条理由纯属凭空编造。
CPop stars are too old for teenagers to like.流行歌星年纪太大，青少年不喜欢了。✗ 无中生有——文中从未涉及歌星的年龄，也没有“因为年龄而不喜欢”的因果关系。
DScientists now earn more money.科学家现在挣得更多了。✗ 无中生有——收入（earn more money）在文中毫无依据；把“崇拜科学家”归因于“钱多”，也与文章“real contributions／dedication”的价值取向相反。
25
What does the writer think makes a person admirable?
作者认为什么让一个人令人钦佩？
细节理解 · 观点态度
定位题干关键词 the writer think … makes a person admirable → 依据在 P5 末句“What makes a person admirable is not perfection, but the courage to keep going when things get hard.”
同义转换题干 What does the writer think makes a person admirable ↔ 原文 What makes a person admirable is …（主语从句原句照应）；选项 Having the courage to keep going when things get hard ≈ 原文 the courage to keep going when things get hard。
解析作者的观点用 not … but … 亮出来：令人钦佩的不是完美（not perfection），而是（but）“在事情变得艰难时坚持下去的勇气”。上一句的 even heroes have weaknesses（连英雄也有弱点）进一步否定了“完美”。A 与 not perfection 相反；B 的 rich and famous 是文章开头“过去被崇拜的对象”，作者并未把它当作令人钦佩的标准，属偷换概念；C 的 no … at all 与“even heroes have weaknesses”直接冲突，属绝对化。
答案D．Having the courage to keep going when things get hard.
ABeing perfect in every way.在各方面都完美。✗ 与原文相反——原文明确说“not perfection”（不是完美），A 恰好是被否定的那一项。
BBeing rich and famous.富有又出名。✗ 偷换概念——rich businesspeople、pop stars 是 P2 中“过去”被崇拜的对象，作者从未把 rich and famous 当作令人钦佩的理由。
CHaving no weaknesses at all.完全没有弱点。✗ 绝对化——P5 说“even heroes have weaknesses”（连英雄都有弱点），C 与原文直接冲突。
DHaving the courage to keep going when things get hard.在事情变难时有坚持下去的勇气。 ✓✓ 正确——与 P5 末句“the courage to keep going when things get hard”逐词对应，是作者的核心观点。

三、文章精读

INTENSIVE READING · 词性套色 + 从句划线 + 逐句翻译

精读说明：按《词性标注配色规则》套色——绿=谓语动词，绿底=不定式，墨绿+灰底=动名词，玫红=形容词/形容词性物主代词，玫红+粉底=分词，蓝=副词，紫=介词，橙=连词，橙底=that 类引导词，蓝底=wh- 类引导词，红=疑问词，深灰=冠词/代词/名词；句子下的橙色下划线=that 类从句，蓝色下划线=wh- 类从句。每句末尾的小喇叭可单独朗读该句，点击生词可查词典。

配色速查 谓语动词 不定式 动名词 形容词/物主代词 分词 副词 介词 连词 that 类引导词 wh- 类引导词 疑问词 冠词/代词/名词
P1 · 调查问题

S1Who do you admire?你崇拜谁？

S2A recent survey of 2,000 Chinese teenagers asked this question.最近一项针对 2,000 名中国青少年的调查提出了这个问题。

S3The results might surprise you.结果可能会让你吃惊。

P2 · 今昔变化

S1In the past, most young people said they admired pop stars, actors, or rich businesspeople.过去，大多数年轻人说他们崇拜流行歌星、演员或富有的商人。

S2However, things have changed over the past few years.然而，过去几年里情况已经发生了变化。

S3Today’s teenagers are more likely to admire scientists, doctors, and teachers.如今的青少年更有可能崇拜科学家、医生和教师。

S4About 65% of them said they look up to people who have made real contributions to society.他们中约 65% 的人说，他们敬佩那些为社会做出真正贡献的人。

P3 · 疫情原因

S1Why has this happened?为什么会发生这种变化？

S2Experts believe that the pandemic played a big role.专家认为，疫情起了很大的作用。

S3When people were in trouble, it was not pop stars but doctors and nurses who risked their lives to save others.当人们身处困境时，冒着生命危险去救别人的不是流行歌星，而是医生和护士。

S4It was very brave of these medical workers to work day and night, often without enough rest.这些医护人员日日夜夜地工作，常常得不到足够的休息，这非常勇敢。

S5Young people saw this and their ideas about heroes changed.年轻人看到了这些，他们对英雄的看法也就改变了。

P4 · 科教关注

S1Another reason is the growing attention on science and technology in China.另一个原因是国内对科学技术的关注日益增长。

S2Stories of scientists like Zhong Nanshan and Yuan Longping are now taught more widely in schools.像钟南山、袁隆平这样的科学家的故事，现在在学校里被更广泛地讲授。

S3It is inspiring for young people to learn about these scientists’ dedication.了解这些科学家的奉献精神对年轻人很有鼓舞作用。

S4What’s more, the government has also encouraged young people to see scientists as their role models.而且，政府也鼓励年轻人把科学家视为自己的榜样。

P5 · 理性崇拜

S1However, experts also warn that admiration should not be blind.然而，专家也提醒说，崇拜不应是盲目的。

S2It is important for teenagers to understand that even heroes have weaknesses.对青少年来说，明白即使是英雄也有弱点是重要的。

S3What makes a person admirable is not perfection, but the courage to keep going when things get hard.让一个人令人钦佩的不是完美，而是在事情变得艰难时坚持下去的勇气。

四、作文金句仿写

WRITING · 3 个可套用句型
金句 1 In the past, most young people said they admired pop stars, actors, or rich businesspeople.
In the past / Ten years ago, most young people / students / parents said they admired / liked / chose pop stars, actors, or rich businesspeople / cartoon heroes or film stars.
仿写：In the past, most students said they liked cartoon heroes or film stars. 过去，大多数学生说他们喜欢卡通英雄或电影明星。
适用：写“今昔对比”类作文的开头——先用 In the past 摆出过去的普遍看法，再用 However 转折到现在的变化；注意 said 后是省略 that 的宾语从句，语序用陈述语序（they admired…）。
金句 2 However, things have changed over the past few years.
However, things have changed / have improved / have become better over the past few years / months / weeks.
仿写：However, things have improved over the past few months. 然而，过去几个月里情况已经好转了。
适用：今昔对比作文的“转折句”，一句话完成时间过渡；over the past few years 常与现在完成时（have changed）连用，不能改成一般过去时。
金句 3 What makes a person admirable is not perfection, but the courage to keep going when things get hard.
What makes a person admirable / What makes a good friend / What makes a real hero is not perfection / money / good grades, but the courage to keep going when things get hard / honesty and kindness / the will to help others.
仿写：What makes a good friend is not money, but honesty and kindness. 让一个人成为好朋友的不是金钱，而是诚实和善良。
适用：议论性作文的“亮观点”结尾句——What 引导主语从句作主语（谓语用单数 is），not … but … 对举出真正的标准，气势强、得分高。

写作提示：这三句都来自本篇调查报告，可直接替换 灰色方框 里的内容：写“今昔对比”用金句 1（过去）+ 金句 2（转折）；写“我心目中的英雄／榜样”“什么是真正的美”这类观点作文，把金句 3 放在结尾最亮眼。

5

六选五 · ZXMOTO 中国摩托夺冠

Six of Five · 26-30 · 四步策略 + 同色关联 + 多余项辨析
单独打开 ↗

解题策略

FOUR-STEP STRATEGY
1

先做 26、27 空（细节照应 + 结构呼应最好找）

这两空都有直接的“文字抓手”。26 空靠代词指代 + 原词复现：前句说 ZXMOTO, a Chinese brand, won both races…（中国品牌包揽两场冠军），选项 E 的 This 指代“中国品牌夺冠”这件事，而且 E 里的 a Chinese brand 与前句原词复现，the first time 进一步点明意义。27 空靠固定结构：前句是 WSBK is not only a competition where riders race for speed，选项 C 用 It is also a stage… 与 not only 构成 not only… also… 的经典呼应，It 指代 WSBK。先拿下这两空，信心和范围一起到手。

2

每确定一空，就划掉对应选项

六选五有 6 个选项、5 个空位，必有 1 个多余项。每确认一个就把它从选项列表里划掉（写在草稿纸上），剩下的选项越少，后面的匹配就越简单，也能顺手盯住那个被“剩下”的多余项。

3

再做 28、29 空（逻辑因果 + 时间承接）

28 空是因果句：前句 Foreign companies also held the key technologies to make engines work better（外国公司还掌握着让发动机运转更好的关键技术），选项 B 用 So 承接，得出“中国制造的发动机过去比较落后”；used to fall behind 又为下文“如今夺冠”埋下反差。29 空是时间承接句：前句 In 2024, Zhang founded ZXMOTO and focused on researching and developing engines，选项 F 的 From then on 承接时间，he 指代 Zhang，并领起下文“重庆成为摩托之都”的产业成果。

4

最后做 30 空，并排除多余项 D

前句 Today, Chongqing is home to more than 40 motorcycle makers and over 400 kinds of parts products 讲的是“产业聚集”，选项 A 的 all parts 与 parts products 前后呼应，用“在一个市场就能买齐所有零件”把“产业链完整”落到实处，衔接最紧。剩下的 D 项 However, it is hard to make such good motorcycles 说“造出这么好的摩托很难”，与全文 double victory、more confident 的积极立场相冲突，五个空也都不需要它。多余项特征：内容似乎与话题沾边，却找不到任何一处空白可以承接它；本文的 D 项还多了一层硬伤——However 要求前后语义相反，而它前面并没有“造车很容易”的说法，且 such good motorcycles 所指的那款车已被 28 空前后的内容隔远，指代距离过远。

文章 + 选项区

PASSAGE + OPTIONS · 左文右选，同色关联
文章（答案已填入）点击任意单词可查词典

P1 Double victory! On March 28 and 29, ZXMOTO, a Chinese brand (品牌), won both races at the Portuguese round of the Superbike World Championship (WSBK). 26E

P2 WSBK is not only a competition where riders race for speed. 27C Zhang Xue, 39, is the founder of ZXMOTO. He said the winning motorcycle has a strong engine (发动机) and a light body.

P3 For many years, the sport was controlled by big motorcycle brands. Foreign companies also held the key technologies to make engines work better. 28B

P4 As a motorcycle lover, Zhang has worked as a repairman and a racer. In 2013, he went to Chongqing, China’s motorcycle capital, where he began building his first motorcycle. In 2024, Zhang founded ZXMOTO and focused on researching and developing engines. 29F

P5 Today, Chongqing is home to more than 40 motorcycle makers and over 400 kinds of parts products. 30A

P6 “I believe our victory will make China’s motorcycle industry more confident, and force the international community to reconsider how they view us,” Zhang said.

选项区 · 一句一行与原文同色关联
AYou can get all parts in one market.你可以在一个市场里买到所有零件。
BSo Chinese-made engines used to fall behind.所以中国制造的发动机过去比较落后。
CIt is also a stage for companies to show their ability.它也是企业展示实力的舞台。
DHowever, it is hard to make such good motorcycles.多余项然而，造出这么好的摩托车是很难的。
EThis is the first time a Chinese brand has won this event.这是中国品牌首次在该赛事中夺冠。
FFrom then on, Zhang has helped develop China’s motorcycle industry.从那时起，张雪一直在推动中国摩托车产业的发展。
图例 LEGEND 26 空关联（won both races / a Chinese brand → This is the first time） 27 空关联（not only a competition → It is also a stage） 28 空关联（held the key technologies to make engines work better → Chinese-made engines used to fall behind） 29 空关联（In 2024, Zhang founded ZXMOTO / focused on researching and developing engines → From then on） 30 空关联（more than 40 motorcycle makers and over 400 kinds of parts products → all parts in one market） 灰色虚线框 = 多余项

逐空解析

ANALYSIS · 每空：关联依据 + 判断理由
26答案 E
关联前句 ZXMOTO, a Chinese brand (品牌), won both races at the Portuguese round of the Superbike World Championship (WSBK).（中国品牌 ZXMOTO 在 WSBK 葡萄牙站包揽两场比赛冠军）→ E 项句首的 This 正好指代“中国品牌夺冠”这件事，a Chinese brand 与前句原词复现，the first time 进一步点明这一胜利的意义。
判断本空是首段的收束句：前面刚报出“双冠”这一事实，紧接着最自然的补充就是它的分量——“这是中国品牌首次在该赛事中夺冠”，既承接上文，又为下文的“逆袭”主线定调 → 选 E。其余选项都还没有出场的前提（27 空才轮到 not only…also…，28 空才轮到 So 的因果）。
27答案 C
关联前句 WSBK is not only a competition where riders race for speed.（WSBK 不仅仅是车手比拼速度的比赛）→ C 项的 It is also a stage for companies to show their ability 与 not only 构成 not only… also… 的固定呼应，It 指代 WSBK。
判断C 说明了 WSBK 的另一重意义——企业展示实力的舞台，与后句紧接着介绍创始人 Zhang Xue 顺承：赛事的意义落到“企业”，话题自然从比赛转到人和品牌 → 选 C。若填别的选项，not only 就落空，也没有第二重意义与之配对。
28答案 B
关联前句 Foreign companies also held the key technologies to make engines work better.（外国公司还掌握着让发动机运转更好的关键技术）→ B 项的 Chinese-made engines used to fall behind 用 So 引出结果，与上文构成清楚的因果关系。
判断B 的 used to fall behind（过去落后）与下文“如今中国品牌夺冠、产业更自信”形成今昔对比，是全文“逆袭”主线的关键一环；同时本段讲的是技术被外国公司掌握，B 正好落在“发动机技术落后”这一点上 → 选 B。
29答案 F
关联前句 In 2024, Zhang founded ZXMOTO and focused on researching and developing engines.（2024 年，张雪创立 ZXMOTO，专注研发发动机）→ F 项的 From then on 承接时间（“从那时起”＝从 2024 年创办品牌之后起），句中的 he 指代 Zhang。
判断F 概括了他创办品牌之后的贡献——推动中国摩托车产业发展，正好领起下文“如今重庆拥有 40 多家制造商、400 多种零部件产品”的产业成果，由人及业，过渡自然 → 选 F。
30答案 A
关联前句 Today, Chongqing is home to more than 40 motorcycle makers and over 400 kinds of parts products.（如今重庆有 40 多家摩托车制造商和 400 多种零部件产品）→ A 项的 all parts in one market 与前句的 parts products 前后呼应，是“产业聚集”的具体体现。
判断A 用“你可以在一个市场里买到所有零件”说明产业聚集带来的好处，把前句的一串数字落到实处；接着段落转入张雪的引语，先事实后评论，层次清楚 → 选 A。
多余项D
关联D 项 However, it is hard to make such good motorcycles.（然而，造出这么好的摩托车是很难的）说“造车难”，而全文的立场恰好相反——Double victory、more confident（双冠、更加自信），D 与整体积极基调语义冲突；而且 such good motorcycles 指的是前文夺冠的那款车，若放在 28 空，中间已隔了 Foreign companies also held the key technologies… 一整句，指代距离过远。
判断再看位置：26 需要“首次夺冠”的意义（E），27 需要 not only…also… 的第二重意义（C），28 需要 So 引出的因果承接“过去落后”（B），29 需要 From then on 的时间承接（F），30 需要解释产业聚集的好处（A）——五个空各有任务，D 与这五处的前后句都没有直接的关键词或逻辑呼应，本文也没有任何一处需要“造车难”的信息 → D 为多余项。
6

信息匹配 · 六位诺贝尔奖获得者

Info Match · 31-35 · 左右双栏 + 关键词同色 + 多余项辨析
单独打开 ↗

解题策略

MATCHING STRATEGY · 圈词 → 扫读 → 比对
1

先读左栏，圈出学科与兴趣关键词

先看每个人“喜欢什么、想了解什么”，把核心名词圈出来：stories、the human body、numbers / economics、nature / the universe、chemicals。这五个词决定了他们各自想深入了解哪一位获奖者，是后面比对的唯一依据。 小技巧：左栏常用 loves / likes / enjoys / wants to / hopes to 引出兴趣，紧跟其后的名词就是关键词。本题五人的兴趣正好落在文学、医学、经济学、物理学、化学五个学科上。

2

再去右栏扫读，找奖项学科与研究对象重合的那一段

用左栏圈出的词在右栏 A—F 快速扫读，谁的关键词重合，谁就是答案。右栏常用同义或相关表达复现同一个意思，例如 human courage in hard times ↔ inner struggles；treating diseases ↔ treat immune and allergy diseases；solving problems with numbers ↔ game theory / make smart choices；the hidden rules of nature ↔ nature does not always follow the same rules；experiments with chemicals ↔ Chemistry / polonium and radium。 扫读时只看两类词：奖项学科（Literature / Physiology or Medicine / Economics / Physics / Chemistry）与研究对象（books、body、numbers、particles、chemicals），不要逐词翻译整段，速度会快很多。

3

细心比对，排除干扰项

有两处最容易看走眼：一是 B 与 E 都含“帮助他人、让世界更好”的正面表述（B 的 helped modern science and medicine 与 E 的 education and equality）；二是 C 与 B 都涉及医学与科学（C 的 Physiology or Medicine 与 B 的 science and medicine）。判断标准永远是学科关键词是否一致：chemicals 只与 Chemistry 呼应，education / equality 在左栏却找不到任何需求。 最后剩下没有配对位置的那一项就是多余项，不必硬塞。本题多余项为 E。

配对区（答案已填入）

LEFT: 人物需求 · RIGHT: 诺贝尔奖获得者 · 同色 = 关键词对应

题目要求：第三节 信息匹配（共 5 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）下面材料 A～F 共六段文字分别介绍了诺贝尔奖获得者的成就，请你根据 Anna、Peter、Doris、Simon 和 Julie 的个人情况，为他们配对想深入了解的科学家。

左栏 · 人物需求5 题
31 Anna loves stories that explore human courage in hard times and hopes to write inspiring books.
中文：安娜喜欢探索人在困境中勇气的故事，希望写出鼓舞人心的书。 D
32 Peter wants to study the human body and work on treating diseases to help sick people live better lives.
中文：彼得想研究人体，从事疾病治疗，帮助病人过上更好的生活。 C
33 Doris likes solving problems with numbers and wants to understand how people make smart choices in economics.
中文：多丽丝喜欢用数字解决问题，想了解人们如何在经济活动中做出明智的选择。 F
34 Simon enjoys learning about the hidden rules of nature and wants to discover new secrets of the universe.
中文：西蒙喜欢了解自然的隐藏规律，想发现宇宙的新秘密。 A
35 Julie loves doing experiments with chemicals and discovering new things that can improve science and medicine.
中文：朱莉喜欢用化学品做实验，发现能推进科学与医学的新事物。 B
右栏 · 诺贝尔奖获得者6 项 · 1 项多余
A Yang Zhenning won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. He studied tiny particles inside atoms and showed that nature does not always follow the same rules on both sides.
中文：杨振宁于 1957 年获得诺贝尔物理学奖。他研究原子内部的微小粒子，证明自然并不总是遵循同样的规律。
B Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911, after sharing the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. She discovered polonium and radium, and her work on radioactivity helped modern science and medicine.
中文：玛丽·居里在 1903 年与他人共同获得诺贝尔物理学奖后，于 1911 年获得诺贝尔化学奖。她发现了钋和镭，她的放射性研究推动了现代科学与医学的发展。
C Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2025. Their findings explain how the body avoids attacking itself and help doctors treat immune and allergy diseases.
中文：玛丽·E·布伦科、弗雷德·拉姆斯德尔和坂口志文获得 2025 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。他们的发现解释了人体如何避免攻击自身，并帮助医生治疗免疫和过敏疾病。
D László Krasznahorkai won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2025. His books describe people’s inner struggles and hopes, using powerful language to explore deep human feelings and the meaning of life.
中文：拉斯洛·克拉斯诺霍尔卡伊获得 2025 年诺贝尔文学奖。他的书描写人们内心的挣扎与希望，用有力的语言探索深层的人类情感与人生意义。
E Malala Yousafzai won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014. She spoke up for girls’ right to go to school and continues to work for education and equality around the world.
中文：马拉拉·优素福扎伊获得 2014 年诺贝尔和平奖。她为女孩上学的权利发声，并持续为世界各地的教育与平等而努力。 多余项
F John Nash won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994. His ideas about game theory explain how people make smart choices when they compete or work together in daily life.
中文：约翰·纳什于 1994 年获得诺贝尔经济学奖。他的博弈论思想解释了人们在日常生活中竞争或合作时如何做出明智的选择。
31↔D inner struggles / Literature 32↔C the human body / immune and allergy diseases 33↔F numbers / game theory / Economics 34↔A hidden rules of nature / Physics 35↔B experiments with chemicals / Chemistry 灰色虚线框 = 多余项

逐题关键词对照

KEY WORDS · 31-35 · 多余项 E
31 答案 D
关键词照应左栏 stories / human courage in hard times / inspiring books ↔ 右栏 Literature / His books describe people’s inner struggles and hopes / explore deep human feelings and the meaning of life。同义转换：human courage in hard times ↔ inner struggles；inspiring books ↔ books … explore deep human feelings and the meaning of life。
判断根据 “Anna loves stories that explore human courage in hard times and hopes to write inspiring books” 可知安娜喜欢探索困境中人的勇气的故事，希望写出鼓舞人心的书。D 项是 2025 年诺贝尔文学奖，作品“描写人们内心的挣扎与希望，用有力的语言探索深层的人类情感与人生意义”，从“故事—书—人的内心”三处与需求对应，是唯一以文学创作为核心的选项。故选 D。
32 答案 C
关键词照应左栏 the human body / treating diseases / sick people live better lives ↔ 右栏 Physiology or Medicine / how the body avoids attacking itself / treat immune and allergy diseases。同义转换：the human body ↔ how the body avoids attacking itself；treating diseases ↔ treat immune and allergy diseases；help sick people ↔ help doctors treat … diseases。
判断根据 “Peter wants to study the human body and work on treating diseases to help sick people live better lives” 可知彼得想研究人体、从事疾病治疗，帮助病人过上更好的生活。C 项获的是诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，其发现解释了人体如何避免攻击自身，并帮助医生治疗免疫与过敏疾病——“研究人体 + 治疗疾病 + 帮助病人”三处需求一一对应。故选 C。
33 答案 F
关键词照应左栏 solving problems with numbers / make smart choices in economics ↔ 右栏 Economics / game theory / make smart choices。同义转换：make smart choices 属原词复现；in economics ↔ the Nobel Prize in Economics；“用数字解决问题”正是博弈论用模型与数字分析人的选择。
判断根据 “Doris likes solving problems with numbers and wants to understand how people make smart choices in economics” 可知多丽丝喜欢用数字解决问题，想了解人们如何在经济活动中做出明智的选择。F 项是诺贝尔经济学奖，其博弈论思想“解释人们在日常生活中竞争或合作时如何做出明智的选择”，make smart choices 原词复现，学科（Economics）也完全一致，是最直接的照应。故选 F。
34 答案 A
关键词照应左栏 the hidden rules of nature / new secrets of the universe ↔ 右栏 Physics / particles inside atoms / nature does not always follow the same rules。同义转换：the hidden rules of nature ↔ nature does not always follow the same rules；new secrets of the universe ↔ tiny particles inside atoms（宇宙的秘密落到原子内部）。
判断根据 “Simon enjoys learning about the hidden rules of nature and wants to discover new secrets of the universe” 可知西蒙喜欢了解自然的隐藏规律，想发现宇宙的新秘密。A 项是诺贝尔物理学奖，杨振宁研究“原子内部的微小粒子”，并证明“自然并不总是遵循同样的规律”，与“自然的隐藏规律 / 宇宙的新秘密”高度吻合。故选 A。
35 答案 B
关键词照应左栏 experiments with chemicals / improve science and medicine ↔ 右栏 Chemistry / polonium and radium / helped modern science and medicine。同义转换：experiments with chemicals ↔ Chemistry / polonium and radium；improve science and medicine ↔ helped modern science and medicine。
判断根据 “Julie loves doing experiments with chemicals and discovering new things that can improve science and medicine” 可知朱莉喜欢用化学品做实验，想发现能推进科学与医学的新事物。B 项是诺贝尔化学奖，居里夫人“发现了钋和镭，她的放射性研究推动了现代科学与医学的发展”，学科（化学）与作用（科学与医学）两处全部对上。故选 B。
多余项 E 为什么多余
关键词照应E 项 Malala Yousafzai 的关键词是 the Nobel Peace Prize / girls’ right to go to school / education and equality，核心学科是“和平与教育”；而左栏五个人的学科需求依次是 Literature→D、Physiology or Medicine→C、Economics→F、Physics→A、Chemistry→B，关键词扫描与 E 项无任何交集。
判断五位同学的兴趣分别是文学（31）、医学（32）、经济学（33）、物理学（34）、化学（35），没有任何一位提到教育、女孩上学权利或和平奖，所以 E 没有配对位置，属于多余项。特别提醒：B 与 E 都含“帮助他人、让世界更好”的正面表述（B 的 helped modern science and medicine 与 E 的 education and equality），泛读时容易误配，必须靠学科关键词区分——chemicals 只与 Chemistry 呼应，与 Peace 无关。同时 C 与 B 都涉及医学与科学，也要用 Physiology 类词（body / immune / allergy ↔ Physiology or Medicine）与化学类词（chemicals / polonium and radium ↔ Chemistry）分开。
7

语法填空 · William Shakespeare

Grammar Fill · 36-45 · 答案填入 + 逐空解析 + 文章精读 + 语法精讲
单独打开 ↗
图例 LEGEND 填入的官方答案 括号里的提示词（原词）/ 空号 黄色高亮 = 需要填进空格的答案；蓝色虚线框 = 题干给出的提示词，必须变形后再填入

一、文章（答案已填入）

PASSAGE · 黄色 = 答案 · 蓝框 = 提示词 · 点击生词可查词典

语法填空要点：① 有提示词的，先判断要填的词性——动词看时态・语态・非谓语，名词看单复数，形容词看是否要变副词或比较等级；② 没有提示词的，多是介词、冠词、代词、连词、引导词等虚词，靠上下文逻辑和固定搭配判断；③ 填完把答案放回原文，语法与语义都通顺才算对。

P1 William Shakespeare is well-known as a famous English playwright and poet. Born in 1564 in England, Shakespeare is considered 36 (consider) one of the greatest dramatists of all time. His plays have been performed more times than those of any other dramatist. This, undoubtedly 37 (doubt), makes him one of the greatest minds.

P2 Shakespeare’s works explore human nature and the truth 38 (true) of social problems through his plays. Some of his most famous works, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, still remain powerful 39 (power) even today.

P3 Shakespeare left school at 40 the age of 14. Then, he made a decision to find 41 (find) a career in acting. In 1592, he moved to London and joined a theatre company.

P4 It was a turning 42 (turn) point for him. He quickly rose to become a 43 successful actor and began writing his own plays. Altogether, Shakespeare wrote about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and several long and short poems. He died in 1616. However 44, his works still continue to encourage audiences worldwide.

P5 Today, Shakespeare’s plays are still performed in English and many other languages, especially in different universities 45 (university) around the world. His works have shaped the way stories are told and understood.

二、逐空解析

ANALYSIS · 每空：考点 → 解析 → 答案
36被动语态 · 一般现在时is considered
考点主语是动作的承受者 → 用被动语态 be + 过去分词；陈述客观事实 → 一般现在时；主语第三人称单数 → be 用 is。
解析主语 Shakespeare 是“被人们认为”的对象，不是他在认为别人，所以必须用被动语态。句子讲的是客观事实（莎士比亚在历史上一直被认为是……），用一般现在时；主语是不可数概念的专有名词单数，be 动词用 is，consider 的过去分词是 considered，故填 is considered。固定搭配 consider sb./sth. (to be) one of …＝认为某人/某物是……之一。
易错写成 considers 就成了“莎士比亚认为”，主语与动作关系颠倒；写成 was considered 则把客观事实误当成过去一次性动作。另外要注意“被认为”常译作 is considered / is believed / is known，都属于被动结构。
37词性转换 · 副词作插入性状语undoubtedly
考点空处在主语 This 与谓语 makes 之间、被两个逗号隔开，作状语修饰整句 → 必须用副词。
解析句子主干是 This makes him one of the greatest minds.（这使他成为最伟大的智者之一），中间插入的 undoubtedly 是修饰整个句子的评注性状语，意为“无疑、的确”。doubt 是名词/动词，加前缀 un- 再加后缀 -ed、-ly 构成副词 undoubtedly。句意：这无疑使他成为最伟大的智者之一。
易错若填 doubtful（怀疑的）或 doubt（怀疑），句子意思就变成“这怀疑地使他……”，语义不通；插入语位置只能用副词，这是词性转换题最常见的判断依据：看它在句中充当什么成分。
38词性转换 · 名词truth
考点空前有定冠词 the、空后有介词短语 of social problems → 需要名词。
解析the … of social problems 是典型的“名词 + of + 名词”结构，中间只能放名词。true 是形容词，其名词形式是 truth（真相、事实），在此与前面的 human nature（人性）并列作 explore 的宾语。句意：莎士比亚的作品通过他的戏剧探讨人性以及社会问题的真相。
易错truth 在此为不可数用法（抽象名词），不加 -s；若写成 trueness 则不是英语中表达“真相”的常用词。形容词变名词的常见后缀：-th（true → truth, strong → strength）、-ness（happy → happiness）、-ty（safe → safety）。
39词性转换 · 形容词作表语powerful
考点remain 是系动词，后接形容词作表语，不能接名词或副词。
解析句子的谓语是系动词 remain（仍然是），主语 Some of his most famous works 指作品，作品“是充满力量的”，所以表语要用形容词 powerful。power 是名词，加后缀 -ful 构成形容词。句意：他最著名的一些作品，如《哈姆雷特》《奥赛罗》《李尔王》和《麦克白》，至今依然充满力量。
易错系动词家族：be、become、remain、feel、look、sound、taste、smell、seem、stay、grow、turn，后面一律接形容词。本页还有 He quickly rose to become a successful actor——become 后接的是名词短语，所以那里要加冠词，两者不要混。
40介词 · 固定搭配at
考点at the age of + 数字＝在……岁时，是固定时间短语。
解析本空没有提示词，考查虚词。句中 left school（离开学校）后接 the age of 14，表示“在 14 岁那年”，英语固定说 at the age of 14，介词只能用 at。句意：莎士比亚 14 岁离开学校。
易错表年龄的三种说法：at the age of 14＝at 14＝when he was 14。另外 in 用于年份、月份，on 用于具体某一天，at 用于时刻和“在……岁时”，不要写成 in the age of 14。
41非谓语 · 不定式作定语to find
考点make a decision to do sth.＝决定做某事；不定式作 decision 的定语。
解析空前是 a decision，后面解释“决定的内容”，英语中用不定式作后置定语，即 make a decision to do sth.。同类结构还有 make a plan / an effort / a promise to do sth.。find 是动词原形，直接加 to 构成 to find。句意：然后，他决定在演艺界谋求一份事业。
易错不要因为空后是 career 而误写成 finding；decide 后同样接 to do（decide to do sth.）。判断口诀：名词/动词后接“去做”用不定式，介词后用动名词——本文 in acting 的 acting 就是介词后的动名词。
42现在分词作定语 · 固定表达turning
考点a turning point＝转折点，是固定表达；turning 由 turn + -ing 构成，作定语修饰 point。
解析空前有不定冠词 a、空后是名词 point，空处需要一个修饰名词的成分。turn 加 -ing 变成现在分词 turning，与 point 构成一个固定的名词短语 a turning point，表示“（事情的）转折点”。句意：这对他来说是一个转折点。
易错同类“-ing 作定语”的固定搭配还有 a swimming pool（游泳池）、a reading room（阅览室）、a waiting room（候车室）、the coming year（即将到来的一年）；若是过去分词作定语则表被动，如 a broken cup（一只被打破的杯子）。turning 表主动意义，所以用 -ing。
43冠词a
考点可数名词单数泛指用不定冠词；a / an 看读音不看字母。
解析actor 是可数名词单数，此处泛指“一位成功的演员”，所以要加不定冠词。冠词后面的第一个词是 successful，其首音素是辅音 /s/，所以用 a 而不是 an。句意：他很快成长为一位成功的演员，并开始创作自己的剧本。
易错用 an 的情况看的是元音音素：an hour（h 不发音）、an honest boy、an old man；用 a 的情况包括 a university（/j/ 起首）、a useful book、a European country。本文 45 空前的 different 也提醒我们：different / many / several / one of the 后面要用复数名词。
44转折副词 · 句首 + 逗号However
考点语义转折且空处位于句首、后面紧跟逗号 → 用连接副词 However（首字母大写）。
解析前一句 He died in 1616.（他 1616 年去世）与后一句 his works still continue to encourage audiences worldwide（他的作品仍在激励全世界的观众）在语义上形成转折：人已经去世，影响却延续至今。空前是句号，空后是逗号，说明这里另起一句、用逗号隔开的评注性状语 → 只能填 However。句意：然而，他的作品仍在激励着全世界的观众。
易错不能用 But，因为 but 是并列连词，必须直接放在两个分句中间（A, but B.），不能“句号 + But + 逗号”这样单独起句；也不能用 Although，although 是连词，后面必须接完整的从句（Although he died in 1616, his works …），而本空后是逗号加主句。详见第三节辨析。
45名词复数universities
考点different + 可数名词复数；辅音字母 + y 结尾 → 变 y 为 i 加 -es。
解析空前是 different（不同的），表示“世界各地不同的许多大学”，university 是可数名词，必须用复数。拼写规则：university 以“辅音字母 r + y”结尾，变 y 为 i 再加 -es，得到 universities。句意：如今，莎士比亚的戏剧仍用英语和许多其他语言上演，尤其是在世界各地不同的大学里。
易错元音字母 + y 结尾直接加 -s：boys、days、keys；辅音字母 + y 结尾才变 y 为 i 加 -es：cities、countries、studies、universities。注意 university 虽然以 u 开头，但读音是 /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/，首音素是辅音 /j/，所以前面用 a university。

三、语法辨析 · However 与 But

WHY 44 = HOWEVER · 连接副词 vs 并列连词
原句第 44 空所在句However
定位He died in 1616. However, his works still continue to encourage audiences worldwide.
解析前一句是完整的句子，以句号结束；空处另起一句，后面紧跟逗号，再接另一个完整的句子。句号 + 句首 + 逗号这三个信号同时出现，说明空处只能是“起连接作用的副词”However，而不是“能连接分句的连词”But。若要用 But，原句必须改写成一个句子：He died in 1616, but his works still continue to encourage audiences worldwide.（句号变逗号，but 后面不加逗号）。
However连接副词 adv.
词性副词（conjunctive adverb），起连接作用，但本身不是连词。
用法① 不能直接连接两个分句，前后要用句号或分号隔开：A. However, B. 或 A; however, B.；② 放句首时后面常加逗号；③ 位置灵活，句首（However, …）、句中（…, however, …）、句尾（…, however.）都可以。
例句He died in 1616. However, his works still live on. 他于 1616 年去世。然而，他的作品依然流传。／ The task was hard; however, we finished it. 这个任务很难；不过我们完成了。
But并列连词 conj.
词性并列连词（coordinating conjunction），与 and / or / so / for / yet 同类。
用法① 直接连接两个并列成分或两个分句，位置固定在两者中间；② 前面通常有逗号（A, but B.），但 but 后面不加逗号；③ 不能单独放在句首引导一个独立句子（口语中偶见，书面语不规范），也不能像副词那样在句中、句尾自由移动。
例句He is old, but he works hard. 他年纪大了，但工作很努力。／ It is cheap but useful. 它便宜但很实用。
对比一张表看懂
对比项Howeverbut
词性连接副词 adv.并列连词 conj.
能否连接两个分句不能直接连，必须断开：A. However, B.能，直接连：A, but B.
标点前面用句号或分号，后面常有逗号前面常有逗号，后面不加逗号
位置句首 / 句中 / 句尾都可以只能放两个分句中间
本文 44 空✓ 空前是句号、空后有逗号 → 填 However✗ 若用 but，原句须改成 He died in 1616, but his works …（后面不加逗号）
口诀看标点选词：“句号 + 句首 + 逗号”选 However；“逗号 + 直接接分句”选 but。本句是前者，所以 44 空填 However。补充：however 还有“无论怎么”的意思，可引导让步状语从句，如 However hard he tried, he failed.（无论他多努力，他仍失败了。）

四、文章精读

INTENSIVE READING · 词性套色 + 从句划线

精读说明：按《词性标注配色规则》套色——绿=谓语动词，绿底=不定式，墨绿+灰底=动名词，玫红=形容词/形容词性物主代词，玫红+粉底=分词，蓝=副词，紫=介词，橙=连词，橙底=that 类引导词，蓝底=wh- 类引导词，红=疑问词，深灰=冠词/代词/名词；句子下的橙色下划线=that 类从句，蓝色下划线=wh- 类从句。每句末尾的小喇叭可单独朗读该句，点击生词可查词典。

配色速查 谓语动词 不定式 动名词 形容词/物主代词 分词 副词 介词 连词 that 类引导词 wh- 类引导词 疑问词 冠词/代词/名词

划线说明：本篇没有 that / which / who 或 what / when / where / why 引导的从句，所以正文中没有橙线或蓝线。唯一需要注意的地方在最后一段最后一句：His works have shaped the way stories are told and understood. 这里的 stories are told and understood 是修饰 the way 的定语从句，但关系词 that / in which 被省略了，按规则省略关系词的定语从句不划线。同时提醒：被动语态、完成时里的过去分词都算谓语动词（绿色）——is considered / have been performed / are still performed / have shaped / are told / understood 都是绿色。

P1 · 莎翁其人

S1William Shakespeare is well-known as a famous English playwright and poet.威廉·莎士比亚作为一位著名的英国剧作家和诗人而闻名。

S2Born in 1564 in England, Shakespeare is considered one of the greatest dramatists of all time.1564 年生于英格兰，莎士比亚被认为是历史上最伟大的剧作家之一。

S3His plays have been performed more times than those of any other dramatist.他的剧本上演的次数比任何其他剧作家都多。

S4This, undoubtedly, makes him one of the greatest minds.这无疑使他成为最伟大的智者之一。

P2 · 作品主题

S1Shakespeare’s works explore human nature and the truth of social problems through his plays.莎士比亚的作品通过他的戏剧探讨人性以及社会问题的真相。

S2Some of his most famous works, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, still remain powerful even today.他最著名的一些作品，如《哈姆雷特》《奥赛罗》《李尔王》和《麦克白》，至今依然充满力量。

P3 · 求学从艺

S1Shakespeare left school at the age of 14.莎士比亚 14 岁离开学校。

S2Then, he made a decision to find a career in acting.然后，他决定在演艺界谋求一份事业。

S3In 1592, he moved to London and joined a theatre company.1592 年，他搬到伦敦并加入了一家剧团。

P4 · 事业转折

S1It was a turning point for him.这对他来说是一个转折点。

S2He quickly rose to become a successful actor and began writing his own plays.他很快成长为一位成功的演员，并开始创作自己的剧本。

S3Altogether, Shakespeare wrote about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and several long and short poems.他总共写了大约 38 部剧本、154 首十四行诗，以及若干长短诗。

S4He died in 1616.他于 1616 年去世。

S5However, his works still continue to encourage audiences worldwide.然而，他的作品仍在激励着全世界的观众。

P5 · 影响至今

S1Today, Shakespeare’s plays are still performed in English and many other languages, especially in different universities around the world.如今，莎士比亚的戏剧仍用英语和许多其他语言上演，尤其是在世界各地不同的大学里。

S2His works have shaped the way stories are told and understood.他的作品塑造了故事被讲述与理解的方式。

五、作文金句仿写

WRITING · 用本文句型写出自己的句子
金句 1William Shakespeare is well-known as a famous English playwright and poet.
框架：William Shakespeare / Yuan Longping / Tu Youyou is well-known as a famous English playwright and poet / a great scientist / a great woman scientist.
仿写：Yuan Longping is well-known as a great scientist.
袁隆平作为一位伟大的科学家而闻名。
适用：介绍人物作文的第一句。be well-known as + 身份/职业，一句话点明“他是谁、因什么身份而出名”。
金句 2Shakespeare is considered one of the greatest dramatists of all time.
框架：Shakespeare / Yuan Longping / Leonardo da Vinci is considered one of the greatest dramatists / scientists / artists of all time.
仿写：Yuan Longping is considered one of the greatest scientists of all time.
袁隆平被认为是历史上最伟大的科学家之一。
适用：评价人物的地位。be considered one of the greatest + 复数名词 + of all time，比单纯说 He is great 书面得多，注意 one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词与被动语态 is considered。
金句 3This, undoubtedly, makes him one of the greatest minds.
框架：This, undoubtedly, makes him / her / them one of the greatest minds / thinkers / writers.
仿写：This, undoubtedly, makes her one of the greatest writers.
这无疑使她成为最伟大的作家之一。
适用：在列举人物的成就之后作总结，用插入语 undoubtedly 加强语气；插入语前后要用逗号隔开，主语第三人称单数时谓语用 makes / made。
金句 4His works have shaped the way stories are told and understood.
框架：His works / The Internet / His inventions have shaped the way stories are told and understood / we live and work / people learn.
仿写：The Internet has shaped the way we live and work.
互联网改变了我们生活和工作的方式。
适用：写“影响/改变”。the way + 句子：the way 后是省略了 that / in which 的定语从句，从句用陈述语序，不要写成 the way how …。

仿写建议：先把框架里的灰色 slot 换成自己的内容，再读一遍检查——① 被动语态 be + 过去分词有没有写对（is considered / are told）；② 系动词后是不是形容词（remain powerful）；③ the way 后的从句有没有用陈述语序。

六、语法精讲精练

GRAMMAR · 本文 6 个必考语法点 + 综合小测 8 题

1. 被动语态（be + 过去分词）

PASSIVE VOICE · BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
主语是动作的承受者时用被动语态：一般现在时 is / am / are + done，一般过去时 was / were + done，现在完成时 have / has been + done，情态动词 can be done。动作的执行者用 by 引出，不重要时可省略。判断三步：① 主语是“做”还是“被做”；② 句子的时态；③ be 动词与主语的人称和数是否一致。
①Shakespeare is considered one of the greatest dramatists of all time.
莎士比亚被认为是历史上最伟大的剧作家之一。（一般现在时被动：is + considered）
②His plays have been performed more times than those of any other dramatist.
他的剧本上演的次数比任何其他剧作家都多。（现在完成时被动：have been + performed）
③Today, Shakespeare’s plays are still performed in English and many other languages.
如今，莎士比亚的戏剧仍用英语和许多其他语言上演。（复数主语用 are；副词 still 插在 are 与 performed 之间）

即时练习

①Shakespeare ____ (consider) one of the greatest minds.
②His plays ____ (perform) all over the world today.
③Hamlet ____ (write) by Shakespeare.
查看答案与解析

① is considered：主语 Shakespeare 是“被认为”的对象，用被动语态；陈述客观事实，一般现在时，主语单数用 is，consider 的过去分词是 considered。注意 consider 不是规则的双写辅音，过去分词直接加 -ed。
② are performed：主语 His plays 是复数，today 表明说现在的情况，用一般现在时被动 are + performed。
③ was written：by Shakespeare 明确引出动作执行者，主语 Hamlet 是单数，写剧本是过去发生的一次性动作，用一般过去时被动 was + written（write 的过去分词是 written）。

2. 词性转换（判断成分，再定词性）

WORD FORMATION · WHAT PART OF SPEECH
词性转换题的做法只有一句话：先看空格在句中作什么成分。作状语修饰动词或整句 → 副词；作表语（系动词后）→ 形容词；作主语/宾语/介词宾语、或前面有 the、后面有 of → 名词；修饰名词 → 形容词或分词。本文四个词性转换题正好各占一种：doubt → undoubtedly（状语）、true → truth（名词，the … of 结构）、power → powerful（remain 后的表语）、turn → turning（修饰 point 的定语）。
①This, undoubtedly, makes him one of the greatest minds.
这无疑使他成为最伟大的智者之一。（插在主语与谓语之间作状语，必须用副词）
②Shakespeare’s works explore human nature and the truth of social problems.
莎士比亚的作品探讨人性以及社会问题的真相。（the … of … 中间用名词）
③Some of his most famous works … still remain powerful even today.
他最著名的一些作品……至今依然充满力量。（系动词 remain 后用形容词）

即时练习

①____ (doubt), he is the best.
②Tell me the ____ (true).
③The soup is very ____ (taste).
④It was a ____ (surprise) result.
查看答案与解析

① Undoubtedly：空后有逗号，修饰整个句子，要用副词，且位于句首首字母大写。
② truth：空前有定冠词 the，作 tell 的宾语，用名词 truth（真相）。
③ tasty：is 是系动词，后面要用形容词作表语，taste 的名词/动词形式不能作表语，其形容词是 tasty（美味的）。
④ surprising：修饰名词 result 要用形容词；surprising 表示“令人惊讶的”（修饰物），surprised 表示“感到惊讶的”（修饰人），此处 result 是物，用 surprising。

3. 系动词 + 形容词（remain / become）

LINKING VERBS + ADJECTIVES
be、become、remain、feel、look、sound、taste、smell、seem、stay、grow、turn 等是系动词，后面要接形容词作表语，不能用副词。特别提醒：become 后面也可以接名词短语，接名词时要注意可数名词单数前要加冠词——本文 become a successful actor 就是名词短语，而 remain powerful 是形容词表语。
①Some of his most famous works … still remain powerful even today.
他最著名的一些作品……至今依然充满力量。（remain + 形容词）
②He quickly rose to become a successful actor and began writing his own plays.
他很快成长为一位成功的演员，并开始创作自己的剧本。（become + 名词短语，成功形容词成功修饰 actor）
③The music sounds beautiful.
这音乐听起来很美。（sound + 形容词，不能说 sounds beautifully）

即时练习

①The weather remains ____ (change).
②He became ____ (success) at last.
③The music sounds ____ (beauty).
查看答案与解析

① changeable：remain 是系动词，后面接形容词；change 的形容词是 changeable（多变的）。
② successful：become 后接形容词作表语，success 是名词，其形容词是 successful。
③ beautiful：sound 是系动词，后面接形容词，beauty 是名词，其形容词是 beautiful。记住口诀：系动词后形容词，动词后接副词。

4. 不定式与动名词（作定语、宾语、主语）

INFINITIVE & GERUND
① make a decision / a plan / an effort / a promise to do sth.——不定式作定语，说明“决定/计划/努力”的具体内容；② a turning point / a swimming pool / a reading room——用 -ing 修饰名词，表示用途或功能；③ 介词后用动名词：in acting、be good at writing、be interested in reading；④ begin / start / like / love 后既可接 to do 也可接 doing，意思基本相同：began writing＝began to write。
①Then, he made a decision to find a career in acting.
然后，他决定在演艺界谋求一份事业。（不定式作 decision 的定语，in acting 中介词 in 后用动名词）
②It was a turning point for him.
这对他来说是一个转折点。（现在分词 turning 作定语修饰 point）
③He quickly rose to become a successful actor and began writing his own plays.
他很快成长为一位成功的演员，并开始创作自己的剧本。（begin doing sth.）

即时练习

①He made a plan ____ (travel) to Beijing.
②She is in the ____ (read) room.
③He is good at ____ (write).
查看答案与解析

① to travel：make a plan to do sth.，不定式作 plan 的定语，表示计划的内容。
② reading：reading room 是固定表达“阅览室”，用动名词修饰名词表用途，不能说 read room。
③ writing：be good at 中 at 是介词，介词后必须用动名词 writing。同类还有 be interested in doing、look forward to doing（这里的 to 是介词）。

5. 冠词与名词复数

ARTICLES & PLURALS
① 可数名词单数泛指用 a / an，看的是读音不看字母：an hour、an honest boy、an old man；a university、a useful book、a European country。② different / many / several / a few / one of the 后面要用可数名词复数。③ 复数拼写：一般加 -s；以 s / x / ch / sh 结尾加 -es；辅音字母 + y 结尾变 y 为 i 再加 -es（university → universities、city → cities）；元音字母 + y 结尾直接加 -s（boy → boys、day → days）。
①He quickly rose to become a successful actor.
他很快成长为一位成功的演员。（泛指“一位”，successful 首音素是辅音 /s/，用 a）
②… especially in different universities around the world.
……尤其是在世界各地不同的大学里。（different 后接复数，辅音字母 r + y → 变 y 为 i 加 -es）
③Altogether, Shakespeare wrote about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and several long and short poems.
他总共写了大约 38 部剧本、154 首十四行诗，以及若干长短诗。（数词和 several 后都用复数）

即时练习

①He is ____ honest boy.
②There are many ____ (city) in China.
③She is ____ university student.
④different ____ (country)
查看答案与解析

① an：honest 的 h 不发音，首音素是元音 /ɒ/，所以用 an。
② cities：many 后接可数名词复数；city 以“辅音字母 t + y”结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -es。
③ a：university 首音素是辅音 /j/，所以用 a，不用 an。
④ countries：different 后接复数，country 以“辅音字母 r + y”结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -es。

6. However 与 but（句首逗号是标志）

HOWEVER VS BUT
However 是连接副词，前后常用句号或分号隔开，放句首时后面加逗号：A. However, B.；but 是并列连词，直接连接两个分句：A, but B.（but 后面不加逗号）。选词看标点：“句号 + 句首 + 逗号”选 However，“逗号 + 直接接分句”选 but。另外 however 还可表示“无论多么”，引导让步状语从句：However hard he tried, he failed.
①He died in 1616. However, his works still continue to encourage audiences worldwide.
他于 1616 年去世。然而，他的作品仍在激励着全世界的观众。（句号 + 句首 + 逗号 → However）
②He is old, but he works hard.
他年纪大了，但工作很努力。（逗号直接把两个分句相连 → but，后面不加逗号）
③However hard he tried, he failed.
无论他多努力，他仍失败了。（however 引导让步状语从句，此时不能说 but hard he tried）

即时练习

①He is old. ____ , he is strong.
②He is old ____ he is strong.
③____ hard he tried, he failed.
查看答案与解析

① However：前面是句号，后面是逗号，用连接副词 However，且句首首字母大写。
② but：两个分句由一个逗号直接相连，中间缺连词，用并列连词 but，后面不加逗号。
③ However：后面紧跟形容词 hard 再接主谓，构成“无论多么……”的让步状语从句，用 However，注意首字母大写。若用 Although 则须写成 Although he tried hard, he failed.

综合小测（8 题）

1English ____ (speak) in many countries. A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke
2He is known ____ a great writer. A. as B. for C. to
3The story is really ____ (interest). A. interest B. interested C. interesting
4She made a decision ____ (study) abroad. A. study B. studying C. to study
5There are many ____ in the world. A. university B. universities C. universitys
6He is ____ honest man. A. a B. an C. the
7It was a ____ (turn) point in his life. A. turn B. turned C. turning
8He was tired. ____ , he kept working. A. But B. However C. Although
查看 8 题答案与解析

1. B　English 是“被说”的对象，用被动语态；陈述一般事实，主语 English 是不可数名词视为单数，用 is spoken。A 项 speaks 是主动，C 项 spoke 是过去时，都与“many countries 说英语”这一客观事实不符。
2. A　be known as ＝作为……而闻名（后接身份/职业）；be known for ＝因……而闻名（后接原因/特点）；be known to ＝为……所熟知（后接人）。空后 a great writer 是身份，所以用 as。
3. C　is 是系动词，后面用形容词作表语；主语 The story 是物，用 interesting（令人感兴趣的）。B 项 interested 用于修饰人（人感到有兴趣），A 项 interest 是名词/动词。
4. C　make a decision to do sth.，用不定式作 decision 的定语。A 项动词原形不能直接放在名词后，B 项 studying 不能作 decision 的定语。
5. B　many 后接可数名词复数；university 以“辅音字母 r + y”结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -es → universities。A 项是单数，C 项拼写错误（不能直接加 -s）。
6. B　honest 的 h 不发音，首音素是元音，用 an。A 项 a 用于辅音音素前，C 项 the 表示特指，此处泛指“一位诚实的男人”。
7. C　a turning point 是固定表达“转折点”，用现在分词 turning 作定语修饰 point。A 项 turn 是动词/名词，不能直接修饰 point；B 项 turned 是过去分词，表被动，与句意不符。
8. B　前面是句号，空后是逗号，用连接副词 However。A 项 But 是并列连词，不能“句号 + But + 逗号”单独起句；C 项 Although 是连词，后面要接完整从句（Although he was tired, he kept working.），与本题标点不符。

一句话总结：语法填空先看括号里的提示词定词性——动词管时态、语态与非谓语，名词管单复数，形容词管是否变副词或比较等级；没有提示词就先想介词、冠词、代词、连词和引导词。填完把答案放回原文，语法和语义都通顺才算对。本文 10 空的答案串起来就是：is considered · undoubtedly · truth · powerful · at · to find · turning · a · However · universities。
✓

答案速查 · 全卷 45 题

Answer Key · 对照自测后再看逐题解析，效果更好

一、选择题（1-35 题）

MULTIPLE CHOICE
题号12345678910
完形填空ABACDCBCAD
题号11121314151617181920
阅读 A / BCDBCDBCAAC
题号21222324252627282930
阅读 C / 六选五BCCADECBFA
题号3132333435多余项
信息匹配DCFAB六选五多余项 D；信息匹配多余项 E

二、语法填空（36-45 题）

GRAMMAR FILL
题号3637383940
答案is consideredundoubtedlytruthpowerfulat
题号4142434445
答案to findturningaHoweveruniversities
提示：36 空主语 Shakespeare 是“被”认为 → 被动语态 is considered；37 空在主语与谓语之间作状语 → 副词 undoubtedly；38 空 the + ___ + of → 名词 truth；39 空 remain 是系动词 → 形容词 powerful；40 空 at the age of；41 空 make a decision to do；42 空固定表达 a turning point；43 空泛指“一位”演员 → a；44 空句首 + 逗号表转折 → However；45 空 different + 可数名词复数 → universities。

三、书面表达（15 分）范文

WRITING · Marie Curie

题目：以介绍名人为主题，根据提示写一篇 80-100 词的短文介绍科学家居里夫人（开头已给出）。

Marie Curie was a famous woman scientist. She is known for her great achievements in science.
She was born in Poland on November 7, 1867. As a child, she loved physics and showed great talent, reading many books on it. At that time, women in Poland weren’t allowed to go to university, so she dreamed of studying in Paris. To save money for university, she worked as a tutor for eight years. In 1891, she went to Sorbonne University in Paris. After two years, she got a physics degree. Later, she earned a math degree and became the first woman teacher there.
She won many awards in her life. Most famously, she received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911 for discovering polonium and radium.
From Marie Curie, I learned that with hard work and persistence, we can overcome difficulties and achieve great things.

亮点句式：① She was born in Poland on November 7, 1867.（be born + 地点 + 日期）；② As a child, she loved physics and showed great talent, reading many books on it.（as a child 时间状语 + 现在分词作伴随状语）；③ At that time, women in Poland weren’t allowed to go to university, so she dreamed of studying in Paris.（被动语态 + so 因果 + dream of doing）；④ Most famously, she received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911 for discovering polonium and radium.（for doing 表原因）；⑤ From Marie Curie, I learned that with hard work and persistence, we can overcome difficulties and achieve great things.（that 引导宾语从句 + with 表凭借）。
9

艾宾浩斯词汇记忆本 · 导出 PDF

Vocabulary Memory Book · 本套 49 词汇 + 49 词组 · A4 竖版 4 页 · 英文/中文/默写①/默写②
下载 PDF ⬇ 网页版 ↗

艾宾浩斯记忆本 · 词汇打卡表

EBBINGHAUS MEMORY BOOK
美式发音 ▶英式发音 ▶